2011年考研英語一真題及答案詳細(xì)解析

2011年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyplishesthe7,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesSuchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbutthey esadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwiirzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificials –orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n) expression.Thosedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown, thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaroundthanjusttheotherwayaround20 ,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe6．[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11．[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14．[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reactedPartThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmentincurredraisedreceivedarousedTommasiniregardsGilbertas whoTheauthorbelievesthatthedevotedignoretheexpensesofliverejectmostkindsofrecordedexaggeratethevarietyofliveoverestimatethevalueofliveAccordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofTheyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinTheyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralTheyhelpimprovethequalityofTheyhaveonlycoveredRegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorWhenLiamMcGeedepartedasofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga .”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionnsinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:”Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssaferstaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho'vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong.”WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasAccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredtheirexpectationofbetterfinancialtheirneedtoreflectontheirprivatetheirstrainedrelationswiththetheirpursuitofnewcareerTheword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablyapprovedattendedhuntedguardedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphtopperformersusedtoclingtotheirloyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-topperformerscaremoreaboutit’ssafertosticktothetraditionalWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWayTopManagersJumpwithoutaTheOnlyWayOutforTopTheroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedia eanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenan merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontentor merceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhosandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgenerating e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorn eshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetarget atrisk.Insuchacase,the’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchas andthesocial-newssiteDigg.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyobsessedwithonlineshopatcertainWebinspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttoeagertohelptheirfriendspromotequality mendingtheirfavoriteAccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediaasafebusinessrandomstronguserflexibilityinTheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedinvite swithpassionatecanbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmayberesponsibleforfiercerdeserveallthenegativecommentsaboutToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexamplerespondingeffectivelytohijackedpersuadingcustomersintoboycottingcooperatingwithsupportivetakingadvantageofhijackedWhichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyaboutAlternativestoconventionalpaidbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.DominanceofhijackedPopularityofownedIt’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“IloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompleyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationandThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingontheInasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn'tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn'thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegababy-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneylit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcantemporaryenjoymentinhappinessinWelearnfromParagraph2celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforsinglemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaternewsaboutpregnantcelebritiesishavingchildrenishighlyvaluedbytheItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessareconstantlyexposedtoarelargelyignoredbythefailtofulfilltheirsocialarelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirAccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastHavingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebrityCelebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildHavingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwith[D]We[D]WesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildPart reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofilingthem NodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmastheYoucan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Liture,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthatevery shouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”-theyformasortofsocialglue.Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.”O(jiān)therwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticize.”Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedto elessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.ThesubtleandinligentlittlebookTheMarketceofIdeas:ReformandintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.G→41.→42.→E→43.→44.PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments.translationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”Achievementhappensbecauseyouasa embodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get”successbut eit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakea,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytoaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,a ’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwe ofwhatispossible.PartPart51.Writealettertoafriendofyoursmendoneofyourfavoritemovies2)givereasonsforYourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.User“LIMING”Donotwritertheaddress.(10Part52.Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawing init’sintendedmeaning,giveyourYourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20， ， 20111-56-1011-15 16-20解析語義邏輯題第一句含義是“古希臘哲學(xué)家把笑看作是“有益于身體健康的寶貴鍛煉”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意見，輕笑可能對(duì)身體健康解析：語義辨析題。上下文語境是“笑確實(shí)能短期的改變”。A.reflect“反映”，B.demand“要求”，C.indicate“表明，暗示”，D.produce“產(chǎn)生”D選項(xiàng)符合語境，所以解析：語義搭配題。文中提到“笑能夠心律呼吸速率。Astabilizing意思是“安定，穩(wěn)定”，Bboosting“促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)”，Cimpairing“損害，削弱”，Ddetermining“決定”根據(jù)語境應(yīng)該是“笑能夠促進(jìn)心律呼吸速率”，B為正確答案。解析：語義辨析題。這句話意思是“但是因?yàn)榇笮茈y，一次狂笑不可能……”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別是A.transmit“”，B.sustain“維持”，C.evaluate“評(píng)估”，D.observe“觀察”，根據(jù)語境，只有B.sustain符合語境。功能產(chǎn)生益處。”A.measurable“重大的，重要的”，B.manageable“易控制的”，C.affordable“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”，D.renewable“可再生的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能和“益處”搭配的只有A.起到了……作用”，對(duì)上文有承接還有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，A.Inturn意思是“輪流”，C.Inaddition是“另外”，DInbrief意思是“簡而言之”BInfact“事實(shí)上”符合上下 肌肉”，A.hardens“使變硬”，B.weakens“減少”C.tightens“是變緊”D.relaxes“放松”因?yàn)樯衔奶岬搅恕捌渌腻憻捒梢岳o增強(qiáng)肌肉，很顯然笑確實(shí)起到了相反的作用”?！袄o”的反義詞只有 影響?！盇.aggravate“加劇， ”，B.generate“使形成，發(fā)生”，C.moderate“節(jié)制，減輕”，Denhance“增加”，根據(jù)上下文語境，只能是“減輕心理壓力”，故C 解析語義邏輯題這句話的意思是“笑的行為畢竟可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生其他形式 提高的情緒狀態(tài)?！逼渲刑岬健靶Φ男袨椤薄捌渌答仭保瑧?yīng)該是和“笑”相呼應(yīng)的，故正確選項(xiàng)是A ， 解析：詞義辨析題。根據(jù)已知信息推測，應(yīng)該是“根據(jù)一個(gè)經(jīng)典的情緒理論，……”AExceptfor表示“除了……”它引出一個(gè)與前面的詞相反的原因或者事例；B.Accordingto“根”，表示依據(jù)，后面常跟表示理論、思想之類的詞，是正確答案。C， berootedin是固定詞組表示“來源于……”berooted跟其它選項(xiàng)不搭解析邏輯關(guān)系題這句話的意思是“人們不會(huì)他們傷心而哭但當(dāng)開始流淚時(shí)他們才變得傷心。”傷心和哭之間是因果關(guān)系，所以答案應(yīng)該是D.because。之前”A.exhausts“使筋疲力盡；使疲憊”，B.follows“跟隨”C.precedes“先于，表示在……之前發(fā)生(或出現(xiàn))”；D.suppresses“；；抑制”，語義不符。解析：詞義辨析題。由已知信息可知原文要表達(dá)“顯示情緒是肌肉反映的結(jié)果”A.into“進(jìn)入……中，到……里”B.from“來自”表原因，符合表達(dá)需要，故為正確答案。C.towards向，朝D.beyond“超出，超過”意思不符合，故排除。A.fec“取.b“，，.pck，”，D.o“拿，抱，握住”，根據(jù)上下文信息可知該實(shí)驗(yàn)要求 用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支筆。hod的意思最合。， Adisappointed“失望的”意思最符合，Bexcited興奮的”C， Dindifferent“漠不關(guān)心的”都不符合語境，故排除。A.adaptedto“變得習(xí)慣于……,使適應(yīng)于……”B.cateredto“迎合，達(dá)需要“在有趣的動(dòng)畫片時(shí)……”此處正確選項(xiàng)是D.reactedto。 A.suggestingB.requiring需要要求解析：邏輯分析題。上到了“表情而不是其他的方式可能會(huì)影響情緒”，后文又提到了笑的生理行為可以使心情好轉(zhuǎn)”，前后句解釋的是同一種情況。A.EventuallyB.Consequently，都是作為“總結(jié)”的副詞，D.Conversely表示“相反”C.Similarly“相似 ， ， ，，，Part響。根據(jù)原文第一段第二句“Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable和“Hooray!Atlast!”可知回應(yīng)是積極的，因此正確答案是[C]receivedacclaim(得到稱贊)。干擾項(xiàng)：選項(xiàng)[Aincurredcriticism招致批評(píng))，選項(xiàng)[Braisedsuspicion(引起懷疑)]TommasiniGilbert的評(píng)論：callshimanmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim”TommasiniGilbertanunpretentiousmusicianunpretentiousun(否定前綴)pretentiouspretend()unpretentious是“]干擾項(xiàng)：文中提到，withnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim，意思是“揮家那種強(qiáng)大的令人敬畏的氣勢”據(jù)此我們可以排除選項(xiàng)[A]influential(的)](](知，作者自己選擇聽唱片而不是聽現(xiàn)場音樂會(huì)。第四頭作者提到，concertgoers認(rèn)為不能代替現(xiàn)場表演”devotedconcertgoersaremissingrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances，即便宜、容易得到，且通常比今天的現(xiàn)場音樂會(huì)有更高的藝術(shù)品質(zhì)[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances(高估了現(xiàn)場表演的價(jià)值)是對(duì)作者對(duì)devotedconcertgoers觀點(diǎn)的高度概括，故為正確答案。A意思是“”Tesercrdngsaechap但是這個(gè)選項(xiàng)片沒有概括性選項(xiàng)意思是“多數(shù)種類演唱于evoedcocrgoers的點(diǎn)態(tài)，淺，與文對(duì)evoedcoergersDeoedcnergershoepyateordngsrenobseforveprfrne…選項(xiàng)意思是”recordings，作者主要在第四段加以論述。從第四段第三句“Theserecordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere…”和第四段最后一句“thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbrought…?！焙苋菀淄茢喑鲞x項(xiàng)[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic(大眾很容易就能得到這些唱片)為正確答案。“Theserecordingsarecheap…veryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances”可知選項(xiàng)[A]是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)[C]“他們幫助提高了音樂的品質(zhì)”是對(duì)文中“Theserecordings…veryoftenmuchhigherin icqualitythantoday’sliveperformances”的曲解選Gilbert在振興交響樂團(tuán)中的作用是什么態(tài)度。文章最后一段，尤其是最后三句提到，“Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenew知作者不滿意Gilbert在振興交響樂團(tuán)中的作用。故[A]doubtful(懷疑的)為正確答案。 文章首段首句提到，“WhenLiamMcGeedeparted…,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraight”cloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuseshecamerightoutandsaid，即“他不是用通常模中“straightup”和“rightout”的同義替換。能選；[C]項(xiàng)self-centered(自我為中心的)是從“wasverymuchmydecision”臆斷來的，不能選；[D]項(xiàng)impulsive(沖動(dòng)的)是近義干擾，但是在原文中找不到依據(jù)。解析細(xì)節(jié)題McGee思考他想要經(jīng)營什么樣的公司，他的離職給外界傳遞了他的aspirations(渴望)。第三句AndMcGeeisn’taloneMcGee是這種情況，言外之意是“很多高級(jí)管理人員是同樣的情況”，下面舉例談到“…theNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpress…quitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost”，即高管辭職是因?yàn)樗麄冇行碌目释?，追求新的職業(yè)目標(biāo)故[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals(他們追求新的職業(yè)目標(biāo))為正確答案。[B]life是對(duì)文中reflectonwhatkind hewantedtorun的嚴(yán)重曲解；[C]項(xiàng)是根據(jù)第解析詞義題第四段首句是該段中心句到辭去高級(jí)職位尋找更好職位的決定不是常規(guī)的。后文圍繞該中心句論述。要推斷的詞poached出現(xiàn)在該段第二句中：ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached。意思是“多年來們和獵頭堅(jiān)持這一原則：吸引人的CEO候選人一定會(huì)……”bepoached的含義為“被尋找、被注意到、被重視”的意思。故從[B]項(xiàng)和[C]項(xiàng)中選答案?？紤]到[C]huntedfor含義正確，且是文中出現(xiàn)的headhunters和search的同義替換，確鑿，故為正確答案。干擾項(xiàng)：[A]項(xiàng)approvedof(被贊成)[B]項(xiàng)attendedof(被照顧被看護(hù))含義確[D]guardedagainst(被預(yù)防)與原文意思相反。解析：推斷題。該段第二句提到，Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone，意思是金融使得跳槽或離開糟糕的崗位更可被接受。后面一個(gè)獵頭的話進(jìn)一步證明這一觀點(diǎn)，獵頭說：傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)則認(rèn)為呆在原地更安全但是這已經(jīng)從根本上改變了。那些最受傷的人們是那些呆最長時(shí)間的人。[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts(高管過去常常堅(jiān)持他們的崗位)是對(duì)文中“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertosaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted”的同義替換。干擾項(xiàng)：[B]loyalty一詞是原文沒有的概念，“不呆在原崗位”與“忠誠過時(shí)”工作更可取。章一直重復(fù)一“高管辭職后去找新作，故]項(xiàng)TopangrsJupwhoutae(文中的“ceeavngwhoutaposonnedupdepuychesaybeoewngoakehepwhoutaneoqutaposonoookfraeroneupwhoutao都復(fù)。干擾項(xiàng)：[A]CEOsWheretoGo(CEO們：路在何方？)CEO們的出路問題，故不能概括文章主旨；[B]CEOsAlltheWayUpCEO們：一路向上？)，很寬泛，沒能準(zhǔn)確反映中心；[D]項(xiàng)中的only太過絕對(duì)，不能成為文章主旨。 句前半句話“Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends”，意思是“消費(fèi)者由于很喜