第九章銅副族和鋅

第九章第九章§9.1 9.1.1 9.1.2 氧化態(tài)：+1，+2，+3?！?n-1)d與ns金屬活潑性：CuAgAu與堿金屬相反）不僅5d而且還4f電子的高得多。因?yàn)閚s電 14Cu4CuO22H2O8NH3Ag2HNO3(濃)AgNO3NO2H2OCu2H2SO4濃)CuSO4SO22H2O 632~6222353~3況425℃熔化約CuOCuSOHClCuOCuO31378(0℃)水(2(無水鹽水水 32Cu+ Cu2++Cu，K

Cu(Ⅰ)2CuOO 3Cu2+0.159VCu-0.521V固態(tài)Cu(Ⅰ)化合物比Cu(Ⅱ) 2CuOsCu2O(s,暗紅2O

2Cu(s)1 Cu2+0.447V[CuCl2]-0.232VCu2 Cu(NH)-0.128V3 3[CuCl2]-+CO [CuCl2]-+C2H4 4CuCu2OH2SO4CuSO4CuH2OCu2O2HCl2CuCl(s)H2OKCu2++Cu Cu2+0.159VCu+0.521VE(右)＞E(左)，Cu+Cu2+0.561VCuCl 與性 CuO2HNO3Cu(NO3)2H2OCuOH2SO4CuSO4H2OCuO2HClCuCl2H2OCu22OH-Cu(OH)(s) CuO(s)H [ 2[Cu(OH)]2CH 6122Cu24I2CuI(s,白222Cu24CN- 2 2?5? CuSOHO (Fe3+、Bi3+、Co2+等離子與[Fe(CN)6]4-亦可發(fā)生反應(yīng)，干擾Cu2+鑒定6262Cu2[Fe(CN)]4性Cu[Fe(CN)](Cu2+的鑒定：(弱酸性 - 4H2O Cu2NH3(適量)Cu(OH)SO(s)NH3(過量)Cu(NH) 3 氧化值+2AgO，AgF2 67452化黑0002~00易溶于HNO和NH中濃HSO中 2AgO 22AgNO2NO AgClAgClAgBrAgIAg2OAg2CrO4 淺黃 磚 AgX光Ag1 (XCl,Br, AgBr(2)Ag(Ⅰ)2Ag2OHAgO(s,褐H 2Ag2NHHOAgOs AgO2NH2NH2Ag(NH)H 3 3 2Ag(NH3)C6H12O62OH-2C6H12O72Ag4NH374Ag4AgCrO2-HO2AgCrO(s)2 AgCrO4NH2Ag(NH) 3 Ag2SO2過量[Ag(SO2 232 22 2鑒定S2O2-3 (3)(3)Ag+AgHClAgClNH3Ag(NH)Br-3 S 2AgS(s)S2-Ag(CN) CNAgI(s)I-Ag(SO 232K(Ag(NH)) 3K(Ag(SO)3) 23K(Ag(CN)) KspABr=5.3×10-8(4)Ag+(4)Ag+ 3 3AgCl2NHAg(NH) 3Ag(NH)2HClAgCl(s)3 Ag(NH)IAgI(s)3 .41.62Au3Cl22Au3Cl22AuCl3(紅色固體3Au+═Au3++2AuAuCl3+HCl═HO–C–HO–C–│4H[AuCl]檸檬酸鈉4

│9 加熱：2ZnO22ZnO(s,白) 2CdO22CdO(s,紅棕色 2HgO360℃ ) 紅、黃 MM2H(稀)M2 (MZn,2Hg2H2SO4濃HgSO4SO2Hg4HNO3濃Hg(NO3)22NO2 3Zn2OH2HOZn(OH)2- Zn4NH2HOZn(NH)2H 3 (1)Zn2，Cd2+ [Zn(OH)(H2O)5]++ K10－ [Cd(OH)(H2O)5]++ Cd(OH)2為堿性：Cd22OHCd(OH Cd2H CdS(s,黃2鋅鋇白(立德粉，，[Cd(CN2[CdCl2 - (5)Zn2+的鑒定（堿性條件12Zn/二苯硫 粉紅色(水層) 棕 (CCl層)4HgCl Hg(NO) 3

氯化(升Cl229pmHg229pm

OH 1O黃Hg2HgO(s,褐HgO(s) Hg2S2HgS(s,黑Hg2S2-HgS222Hg2+ Hg22+ 2Hg2 K2HgS- Hg2S- Hg(I)形成沉淀或配合物時(shí)易歧化，所以Hg2O,Hg2(OH)2Hg2(CN)2,Hg2SHg2I等都不易得到，這是由于Hg2+遇到OH-,CN-,I-,H2S等物種會(huì)發(fā)生歧HgHSHgSHg2Hg4CN[Hg(CN)]2Hg44HgI2-2HgI2HgI4HgI2-2HgI2HgI(s,草綠色2Hg227I-3H4NH2[HgI]2-444-(2HgI2HgI(s,金紅色O4為Nessler試劑的主要成分，用于鑒定Hg2硝酸亞Hg2(水解：Hg2(NO3)2H2OHg2(OHNO322NO3)24NH3H2O[O