外文參考文獻譯文及原文

目錄TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"1國內(nèi)外物流園區(qū)發(fā)展模式探究 1發(fā)展物流園區(qū)的現(xiàn)實意義 1國外成功的物流園區(qū)開發(fā)模式 1日本的開發(fā)模式 1德國的開發(fā)模式 21.2.3美國物流園區(qū)的開發(fā)模式 2我國物流園區(qū)現(xiàn)有開發(fā)模式及現(xiàn)狀 3我國物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃技術路線 3我國物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設的問題分析 3物流園區(qū)缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，影響區(qū)域布局 3物流園區(qū)的投資貪大求全，規(guī)模和數(shù)量成為隱患 4物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃不充分、戰(zhàn)略定位不明確 4投資者借物流園區(qū)之名圈占土地現(xiàn)象嚴重 4從宏觀層面，對政府部門提出的建議 5發(fā)揮政府宏觀調(diào)控作用，提供政策保障 5加強科學管理，創(chuàng)造規(guī)范的物流市場環(huán)境 5制定相關政策，但要防止負面效應 5從園區(qū)的建設和運營層面，對地方政府和企業(yè)提出建議 6物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設前要有充分的準備工作 6加強物流園區(qū)投資風險管理，規(guī)避風險 6物流園區(qū)要進行彈性規(guī)劃，設施規(guī)劃要經(jīng)濟合理 6根據(jù)本地實際建立物流園區(qū)準入制 6提高服務意識，加強園區(qū)的經(jīng)營管理 7園區(qū)物流企業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢資源整合 71.8結語 7ContentsTOC\o"1-5"\h\z1AconnotationofLogisticsPark 1\o"CurrentDocument"Thepracticalsignificanceofdevelopingthelogisticspark 1\o"CurrentDocument"Foreignlogisticsparkdevelopmentmodelofsuccess 2Japan'sdevelopmentmodel 2Germany'sdevelopmentmodel 3ThedevelopmentmodelofLogisticsPark 3\o"CurrentDocument"LogisticsparksinChinaandstatusofexistingdevelopmentpattern 4\o"CurrentDocument"Linesoflogisticsparkplanningtechniques 4China'slogisticsparkplanningandproblemsofconstruction 5Lackofunifiedplanninglogisticspark,affectingregionaldistribution 5InvestmentTandaqiuquanlogisticspark,thesizeandnumberofarisk 5Inadequatelogisticsparkplanning,strategicpositioningisnotclear 6Investorbythenameofthelogisticsparkandoccupythelandisserious 6Fromthemacrolevel,therecommendationsofthegovernmentdepartments 6Playtheroleofgovernmentregulationtoprovidepolicysupport 7Strengthenscientificmanagement,tocreatestandardizedlogisticsmarket 7Developmentofrelevantpolicies,buttopreventthenegativeeffects 7Fromthepark'sconstructionandoperationallevels,tolocalgovernmentsand\o"CurrentDocument"enterprisestomakerecommendations 8Thelogisticsparkplanningandconstructionshouldbefullypreparedbeforethework 8Strengtheningthelogisticsparkinvestmentriskmanagement,risk-averse 8Tobeflexiblelogisticsparkplanning,facilitiesplanningtoeconomicrationality 9DistributionParkinaccordancewithlocalaccesstotheactualestablishmentofthesystem 9Enhanceserviceawareness,strengthenmanagementofthepark 9DevelopmentofLogisticsParkintegrationofadvantageousresources 10Conclusion 101國內(nèi)外物流園區(qū)發(fā)展模式探究物流園區(qū)是我國現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的新型業(yè)態(tài)，根據(jù)中國物流與采購聯(lián)合會、中國物流學會在2010年的調(diào)查，我國物流園區(qū)(基地)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到525個，其中134個已經(jīng)建成運營。國家標準《物流術語》(GB/T18354-2006)中，把物流園區(qū)定義為：物流園區(qū)是為了實現(xiàn)物流設施集約化和物流運作共同化，或者出于城市物流空間布局合理化的目的而在城市周邊等各區(qū)域，集中建設的物流設施群，與眾多物流業(yè)者在地域上的物理集結地。發(fā)展物流園區(qū)的現(xiàn)實意義勿庸置疑，物流園區(qū)的建設對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、城市交通和流通渠道建設等諸方面具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。?物流園區(qū)建設對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的作用，首先體現(xiàn)在基礎設施建設項目大規(guī)模的投入和實施必定帶動地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長，使城市中心地區(qū)土地使用價值增值，同時物流園區(qū)的物流基礎設施比較完善、物流服務功能較為齊全，能有效支持產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟開發(fā)，確保經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所必須的物流運作效率和水平。物流園區(qū)的建設，從城市整體利益出發(fā)，解決了城市功能紊亂的問題、緩解了城市的交通擁擠、減輕了對環(huán)境的壓力。在郊區(qū)或城鄉(xiāng)結合部主要交通干道附近專辟用地，大大改善了城市交通環(huán)境。物流園區(qū)的功能，體現(xiàn)于物流的核心內(nèi)涵所涵含的物流服務組織與物流運作管理層面，與傳統(tǒng)的貨物運輸組織中心相比，具有高效率的特征，因此物流園區(qū)的建設大大推動了城市流通渠道的建設。國外成功的物流園區(qū)開發(fā)模式探究國外成功的物流園區(qū)開發(fā)模式，以為我國的物流園區(qū)開發(fā)提供借鑒。在結合我國物流園區(qū)實際情況的前提下，積極地保留國外物流園區(qū)開發(fā)模式的優(yōu)點，并引以為用。1.2.1日本的開發(fā)模式物流園區(qū)(LogisticsPark)最早出現(xiàn)在20世紀60年代的日本東京，被稱為物流基地或物流園地(DistributionPark)。雖然其最初建設物流園區(qū)是為了緩解城市交通壓力，但其基本做法所取得的良好效果卻值得我們借鑒。重視園區(qū)發(fā)展規(guī)劃和配套的市政規(guī)劃，在城市的市郊邊緣帶、內(nèi)環(huán)線外或城市之間的主要干道附近，規(guī)劃出有利于未來具體配套設施建設的地塊作為物流園區(qū)。優(yōu)惠的土地使用和政府投資政策。日本政府牽頭將規(guī)劃的園區(qū)內(nèi)土地，分地塊以生地價格出售給不同類型的物流行業(yè)協(xié)會，這些協(xié)會再以股份制的形式在其內(nèi)部會員中招募資金，用來購買土地和建造物流設施，政府還提供長期低息貸款。良好的市政設施配套及投資環(huán)境。政府對規(guī)劃的物流園區(qū)，積極加快交通、市政設施的配套建設，并在促進物流企業(yè)發(fā)展的同時，促使物流園區(qū)的地價和房產(chǎn)升值，使投資者得到回報。因此，日本政府在日本物流園區(qū)的發(fā)展過程中充分發(fā)揮了政府宏觀調(diào)控的作用，使得物流體系在全國范圍內(nèi)得到了良好的宏觀規(guī)劃，按經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要，確定物流園地的數(shù)量及分布，并得到了迅速的發(fā)展。1.2.2德國的開發(fā)模式在德國，政府對物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃和建設則是層層深入的。聯(lián)邦政府統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，州政府、市政府扶持建設，公司化經(jīng)營管理，入駐后企業(yè)自主經(jīng)營。其基本做法是：聯(lián)邦政府統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃。聯(lián)邦政府在全面考慮交通干線、運輸樞紐規(guī)劃的基礎上，通過對經(jīng)濟布局、物流現(xiàn)狀進行調(diào)查，在全國范圍內(nèi)對物流園區(qū)的布局、用地規(guī)模與未來發(fā)展進行合理的規(guī)劃；州政府、市政府扶持建設。為引導各州按統(tǒng)一的規(guī)劃建設物流園區(qū)，德國交通主管部門對符合規(guī)劃的物流園區(qū)給予資助或提供貸款擔保；企業(yè)化經(jīng)營管理。負責管理物流園區(qū)的企業(yè)受投資人的共同委托，負責園區(qū)的生地購買、基礎設施及配套設施建設以及園區(qū)建成后的地產(chǎn)出售、租賃、物業(yè)管理和信息服務等；入駐園區(qū)企業(yè)自主經(jīng)營。由此可見，德國物流園區(qū)的建設和發(fā)展得益于聯(lián)邦政府、州政府、企業(yè)、行業(yè)協(xié)會等多方面的共同努力。1.2.3美國物流園區(qū)的開發(fā)模式美國是物流發(fā)展最早的國家，其在物流園區(qū)的建設方面也積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗。政府的優(yōu)惠政策。為支持物流園區(qū)的開發(fā)和建設，政府提供許多政策上的優(yōu)惠以吸引投資和物流企業(yè)的進駐。以德克薩斯州的圣安東尼奧市為例，為使其盡快成為北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的貿(mào)易走廊，該市政府制定了前10年免征財產(chǎn)稅、銷售稅返還、對從事中轉貨運的企業(yè)免征財產(chǎn)稅等一系列稅收優(yōu)惠政策。并購和建立戰(zhàn)略伙伴關系進行資源優(yōu)勢組合。對世界各地的物流節(jié)點進行合并優(yōu)化，使各種物流業(yè)務在時間、空間上的運作達到最佳狀態(tài)，形成了“快速、優(yōu)質、高效”的物流配送體系。我國物流園區(qū)現(xiàn)有開發(fā)模式及現(xiàn)狀我國物流起步較晚，物流園區(qū)開發(fā)與建設的興起也是近幾年的事。我國物流園區(qū)有以下4種開發(fā)模式：開發(fā)區(qū)模式、主體引導模式、地產(chǎn)商模式及綜合運作模式。但從我國物流園區(qū)建設發(fā)展的狀況來看，物流園區(qū)的發(fā)展缺乏統(tǒng)一的規(guī)劃和管理，各地各部門物流園區(qū)建設中不可避免地出現(xiàn)草率規(guī)劃和盲目建設的傾向；各地物流發(fā)展極不平衡；物流園區(qū)空間布局不合理；綜合性的大型物流園區(qū)建設尚處于起步階段，與發(fā)達國家存在較大的差距。因此，我國必須積極探討目前適用于我國國情及物流發(fā)展水平的物流園區(qū)的開發(fā)模式，并借鑒他國成功的經(jīng)驗為我們提供有利的幫助。我國物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃技術路線政府發(fā)展現(xiàn)代物流產(chǎn)業(yè)，進行物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃應采用“一定位，三平臺”的技術路線。一定位即重點對物流園區(qū)的功能，包括基本功能、增值服務功能、配套服務功能，進行定位。三平臺規(guī)劃：區(qū)域物流基礎設施平臺規(guī)劃，包括基礎設施類，設備類和標準類三方面的統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃；區(qū)域物流信息平臺規(guī)劃，就是要解決各種物流信息系統(tǒng)之間的信息共享、系統(tǒng)集成以及各類信息通道之間的互聯(lián)互通問題；物流政策平臺建設就是在政府意志及物流規(guī)劃下，制定有利于發(fā)展現(xiàn)代物流的政策法規(guī)。我國物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設的問題分析我國物流園區(qū)在規(guī)劃建設的過程中，會遇到一系列的問題，如：物流園區(qū)缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，影響區(qū)域布局；物流園區(qū)的投資貪大求全，規(guī)模和數(shù)量成為隱患；物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃不充分、戰(zhàn)略定位不明確；物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃不充分、戰(zhàn)略定位不明確；投資者借物流園區(qū)之名圈占土地現(xiàn)象嚴重等，我們必須要正視這些問題，并積極地尋找解決之方法。物流園區(qū)缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，影響區(qū)域布局目前，在政府規(guī)劃推動建設的物流園區(qū)中，地市、區(qū)縣級政府審批建設的園區(qū)數(shù)量所占比例較高，而省級以下政府在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的全局方面關注相對弱一些，容易偏重地方發(fā)展，很有可能會造成同一區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)有多個戰(zhàn)略定位相似的園區(qū)存在，同時各地政府也會出臺不同的優(yōu)惠政策吸引建設投資，可能導致過度競爭。從全國供應鏈物流的宏觀角度看，區(qū)域物流園區(qū)之間缺乏聯(lián)系，難以較好地適應國家整體物流布局的需要和滿足企業(yè)供應鏈運作的需求，造成資源浪費、銜接不暢、配置不平衡。物流園區(qū)的投資貪大求全，規(guī)模和數(shù)量成為隱患物流園區(qū)的建設很大程度上是地方行政主導的產(chǎn)物，某些項目變成一些官員的面子工程、政績工程，盲目追求大規(guī)模、大投資、高標準、多數(shù)量，使物流園區(qū)建設與本地經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平脫節(jié)，造成許多物流園區(qū)大面積荒蕪。一些新物流園區(qū)動輒投資上億甚至幾十億元，這些大投資對規(guī)模較小的物流企業(yè)，消化起來難度相當大，最后導致物流設施的經(jīng)營效益不理想。當然，物流園區(qū)建設的數(shù)量也并非越多越好，可以集中處理的最好不要分散處理。物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃不充分、戰(zhàn)略定位不明確規(guī)劃不充分和戰(zhàn)略定位不明確兩項因素是很多物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設和發(fā)展過程中遇到的最大阻力。部分物流園區(qū)項目規(guī)劃時過于形式，園區(qū)的建設地點和功能定位等重大內(nèi)容僅憑幾個宏觀的貨運總量、年貨運周轉量、幾條道路或道路規(guī)劃、甚至幾個人的主觀判斷而確定，對于市場需求和客戶分析缺乏研究和考慮，忽視了區(qū)域制造業(yè)、分銷業(yè)及消費人群的布局等實際情況，形成城市配送半徑過大、交通道路擁堵、干線運輸不暢等多種硬傷，難以得到客戶、企業(yè)和市場的認同。投資者借物流園區(qū)之名圈占土地現(xiàn)象嚴重雖然物流園區(qū)目前大多不在城市中心，但一般處于交通順暢、經(jīng)濟發(fā)達的地段，在城市擴張的過程中，升值潛力顯著；其次，物流園區(qū)往往要承擔部分社會職能，地方政府會出臺很多優(yōu)惠政策，地價相對較低；另外，國家對經(jīng)營性用地的控制越來越緊，而物流業(yè)是新興的產(chǎn)業(yè)，又是地方政府力推的項目，物流項目的用地審批相對容易。在這些有利的環(huán)境下，許多房地產(chǎn)商有機可乘，通過以物流用地性質獲取低價用地后，大搞房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)；有的企業(yè)低價囤地，高價賣出。從宏觀層面，對政府部門提出的建議以物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃和運營的實際情況為前提，基于宏觀層面，對政府部門提出相關的建議。愿其對物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃、建設以及運營有一定的指導意義。積極發(fā)揮政府宏觀調(diào)控作用，提供政策保障《物流業(yè)調(diào)整和振興規(guī)劃》已經(jīng)出臺，在優(yōu)化全國物流業(yè)的區(qū)域布局方面，提出了“重點發(fā)展九大物流區(qū)域，建設十大物流通道和一批物流節(jié)點城市”。物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃建設要服從于全國規(guī)劃，避免區(qū)域內(nèi)同質化競爭，打破行政區(qū)劃的界限，積極推進和加深不同地區(qū)之間物流領域的合作，引導物流資源的跨區(qū)域整合，逐步形成區(qū)域一體化的物流服務格局。政府部門應該在全面考慮干線、主樞紐規(guī)劃的基礎上，綜合分析考慮園區(qū)，包括交通、市場、需求、環(huán)境、政策、規(guī)模、園區(qū)的整體定位等綜合因素，規(guī)劃物流園區(qū)的空間布局、用地規(guī)模與未來發(fā)展等，以保證城市布局的合理性。加強科學管理，創(chuàng)造規(guī)范的物流市場環(huán)境物流園區(qū)的健康發(fā)展有賴于規(guī)范的物流市場環(huán)境。因此，建議政府有關部門加強對物流市場的管理，進一步規(guī)范物流市場經(jīng)營秩序。在物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃、審批和項目用地上加強管理，對于占用土地而又遲遲不開工的項目，采取有針對性的措施進行處理。對不具備建設條件的地區(qū)要嚴格控制物流園區(qū)項目。其次，政府也應該對園區(qū)的建設和經(jīng)營情況進行定期的評估，衡量其經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益，對于經(jīng)營不良甚或經(jīng)營方向發(fā)生變更的，要根據(jù)情況另行招商經(jīng)營或收回土地以作他用。制定相關政策，但要防止負面效應建設物流園區(qū)離不開政府政策上的支持，政府給予的優(yōu)惠政策可以大大減少物流園區(qū)的成本支出，也可以促進入駐物流園區(qū)的企業(yè)的發(fā)展。政府有必要建立適應物流園區(qū)發(fā)展的土地使用、管理制度；針對不同類型物流園區(qū)的實際經(jīng)營狀況執(zhí)行相應的稅收政策；改善投融資環(huán)境。但是政府的優(yōu)惠政策不能過度傾斜，以免造成物流園區(qū)的建設過熱,從而導致空置率高,大批土地被閑置,造成土地資源的浪費,甚至導致一些企業(yè)囤積土地,轉而投向房地產(chǎn)。從園區(qū)的建設和運營層面，對地方政府和企業(yè)提出建議結合物流園區(qū)的建設和運營的實際情況，對地方政府和企業(yè)提出相關的建議，愿其對物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃和建設具有一定的指導作用。1.7.1物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設前要有充分的準備工作對地方物流現(xiàn)狀和未來發(fā)展進行定量、定性分析和預測；做好功能定位，根據(jù)市場需求，通過分析現(xiàn)有條件確定其主要服務對象和提供何種物流服務功能要素，從一定程度上，功能定位直接關系到物流園區(qū)的發(fā)展前景，決定其生死存亡。以上是物流園區(qū)選址和確定用地規(guī)模的重要依據(jù)。從我國經(jīng)濟體制的發(fā)展趨勢看，物流園區(qū)投資的主體不是國家而是企業(yè)，企業(yè)是追求投資回報的，論證物流園區(qū)的建設和運營是否有贏利，無贏利的物流園區(qū)無法長期存續(xù)。1.7.2加強物流園區(qū)投資風險管理，規(guī)避風險物流園區(qū)的投資具有建設周期長、資金投入大、涉及的利益方多等特點，根據(jù)風險產(chǎn)生的來源，物流園區(qū)投資的風險因素主要有以下幾大類：自然與社會風險、市場風險、經(jīng)濟風險、技術風險和管理風險，這就要求投資者在項目立項期必須對項目進行嚴格縝密風險分析，建立園區(qū)建設的風險防范機制，以保證項目投資的成功。物流園區(qū)要進行彈性規(guī)劃，設施規(guī)劃要經(jīng)濟合理物流園區(qū)的規(guī)模和服務對象，既要考慮當前需要，又要兼顧長遠發(fā)展，采取彈性規(guī)劃，即規(guī)劃控制要有彈性、伸縮性，有一定的回旋余地，是不斷深化的規(guī)劃；物流園區(qū)建設因地制宜，不可一味追求最先進的物流設備，應盡量利用和整合現(xiàn)有資源已有各類用地及設施，減少不必要的投資。根據(jù)本地實際建立物流園區(qū)準入制科學合理的準入制度是保證園區(qū)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和有效運行的必要條件。物流園區(qū)運營主體應建立入園企業(yè)準入制度，通過規(guī)定入駐園區(qū)企業(yè)的類型、數(shù)量、資質等來完善園區(qū)內(nèi)部企業(yè)結構,在促使入駐企業(yè)具備一定經(jīng)營實力的同時,保證園區(qū)內(nèi)企業(yè)類型多樣化,促進企業(yè)間互補優(yōu)勢的發(fā)揮,減少或最大限度地避免園區(qū)內(nèi)由于不良結構造成的惡性競爭。提高服務意識，加強園區(qū)的經(jīng)營管理物流園區(qū)應避免僅限于庫房貨場出租和物流設備租賃，在重視基礎設施建設的同時重視服務系統(tǒng)的建設，通過轉變經(jīng)營和服務模式，對園區(qū)客戶資源進行整合開發(fā)，拓展新業(yè)務，建立服務標準，提高物流綜合服務水平，滿足客戶差異化的需求，對入駐園區(qū)企業(yè)的運作提供各種支持性配套服務，如果需要，能為高端客戶提供高附加值的物流服務。園區(qū)物流企業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢資源整合從整個物流園區(qū)物流發(fā)展的角度，我們可以借鑒美國建立戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關系，實現(xiàn)園區(qū)內(nèi)企業(yè)強強聯(lián)合和優(yōu)勢互補的模式，使園區(qū)內(nèi)物流業(yè)務在時間、空間上達到最佳狀態(tài)，從而形成了“快速、優(yōu)質、高效”的物流配送體系。園區(qū)間亦可進行分工協(xié)作，發(fā)揮行業(yè)和地區(qū)的物流特長，形成物流園區(qū)間的優(yōu)勢互補和資源整合。1.8結語總之，物流園區(qū)經(jīng)過十幾年的發(fā)展，已初具規(guī)模。但是在園區(qū)的規(guī)劃建設方面仍存在諸多問題，出現(xiàn)的問題需要深入研究，并及時制定方案，將其解決。在解決問題并有效地推進物流園區(qū)健康發(fā)展的過程中，需要政府和企業(yè)共同做出努力。1AconnotationofLogisticsParkLogisticsParkisthedevelopmentofmodernlogisticsindustryinChinaappearsinthenewformat,accordingtoChinaFederationofLogisticsandPurchasing,ChinaSocietyofLogisticsSurveyin2010,China'slogisticspark(base)hasgrownto525,ofwhich134havebeenputintooperation.Nationalstandard"termsoflogistics"(GB/T18354-2006)inthelogisticsparkisdefinedas:logisticsparkistorealizetheoperationoflogisticsfacilitiesandlogisticsintensivesocialization,orfortherationalizationofurbanlogisticsdistributionspaceincitiesaroundthepurposeofandotherareas,focusesonbuildingthelogisticsinfrastructuregroup,withmanylogisticsindustryinthephysicalstagingarea.ThepracticalsignificanceofdevelopingthelogisticsparkNeedlesstosay,theconstructionoflogisticsparkstoeconomicdevelopment,urbantransportationanddistributionchannelsandotheraspectsoftheconstructionofimportantpracticalsignificance.LogisticsParkontheroleofeconomicdevelopment,firstmanifestedinthelarge-scaleinfrastructureprojectswillstimulateinvestmentandimplementationofregionaleconomicgrowth,land-useurbancenters,thevalueofvalue-addedlogisticsparkatthesametimearelativelycompletelogisticsinfrastructure,logisticsservicesfunctionismorecomplete,caneffectivelysupportthedevelopmentofindustrialeconomy,toensurethatthelogisticsnecessaryforeconomicdevelopmentandlevelofoperationalefficiency.Theconstructionoflogisticsparks,fromtheoverallinterestsofthecitytosolvetheproblemsofurbandysfunction,easingthecity'strafficcongestion,reducethepressureontheenvironment.Inthesuburbsortheurbanfringenearthemainroadsbededicatedtoland,hasgreatlyimprovedtheurbantrafficenvironment.Logisticsparkfeatures,reflectedinthelogisticsofthecoresubstanceSuoHanHanlogisticsservicesorganizationandlogisticsmanagementlevel,withthecenterofthetraditionaltransportofgoods,comparedwiththecharacteristicsofhighefficiency,thusgreatlypromotedtheconstructionoflogisticsparksofthecityConstructionofdistributionchannels.ForeignlogisticsparkdevelopmentmodelofsuccessExplorethesuccessofthelogisticsparkdevelopmentabroad,thinkingthatChina'slogisticsparkdevelopmentforreference.Logisticsparkintheactualsituationinourcountryunderthepremiseofanactiveforeignlogisticsparkdevelopmenttoretainthemerits,andcitedthatuse.Japan'sdevelopmentmodelLogisticsPark(LogisticsPark)firstappearedinthe60sinthe20thcentury,Tokyo,Japan,knownasthelogisticsbasesorlogisticsCorner(DistributionPark).Althoughtheinitialconstructionoflogisticsparksinordertoalleviatetheurbantrafficpressure,butthebasicapproachachievedgoodresultsbutwecanlearnfrom.Emphasisonparkplanningandsupportingthedevelopmentofmunicipalplanning,withtheedgeofthecity'ssuburbs,outsidetheinnerringornearthemainroadsbetweencities,planningoutthespecificfacilitiesconducivetotheconstructionofthenextblockasalogisticspark.Preferentiallanduseandgovernmentinvestmentpolicies.Japanesegovernment-ledlandwithintheplannedpark,sub-plotstoselltodifferenttypesofhabitat,thelogisticsindustryassociations,theseassociationsthenintheformofstockintherecruitmentofmembersinitsinternalfundsforthepurchaseoflandandconstructionoflogisticsfacilities,governmentalsoprovidelong-termlow-interestloans.Goodmunicipalfacilitiesandinvestmentenvironment.Governmentontheplanningofthelogisticspark,activespeeduptraffic,supportingtheconstructionofmunicipalfacilities,andlogisticscompaniesinthepromotionofdevelopment,topromotethelogisticsparklandandrealestateappreciation,returnstoinvestors.Therefore,theJapanesegovernmentinJapan,thedevelopmentoflogisticsparkfullplaytheroleofgovernmentregulation,makingthelogisticssystemacrossthecountryhaveagoodmacro-planning,byeconomicdevelopment,todeterminethenumberanddistributionlogisticsgardenandhasbeenrapiddevelopment.Germany'sdevelopmentmodelInGermany,governmentplanningandconstructionoflogisticsparksarelayersofdepth.Overallplanningandthefederalgovernment,stateandmunicipalgovernmentsupportforconstruction,operationandmanagementofthecompany,settledafterthecompaniesoperateindependently.Thebasicapproachis:Thefederalgovernmentoverallplanning.TheFederalGovernmentfullyconsideredlinesofcommunication,transportationhubonthebasisofplanning,throughtheEconomicDistribution,logisticsstatusofinvestigationsacrossthecountryonthelogisticsparklayout,scaleandlanduseplanningforthefuturedevelopmentofrational;Stategovernment,themunicipalgovernmenttosupportconstruction.Inordertoguidethestatesaccordingtoaunifiedlogisticsparkplanningandconstruction,transportationdepartmentsoftheGermanlinewiththeplanningofthelogisticsparktogivesubsidiesorloanguarantees;Enterprisemanagement.Responsibleforthemanagementofenterpriselogisticsparkjointlycommissionedbytheinvestorisresponsiblefortheparktobuyrawland,infrastructureandsupportingfacilitiesandparkpropertyafterthecompletionofthesale,leasing,propertymanagementandinformationservices;Intotheparkenterprisestooperateindependently.Thus,theGermanconstructionanddevelopmentoflogisticsparksbenefitedfromthefederalgovernment,stategovernments,enterprises,industryassociations,andmanyotherefforts.ThedevelopmentmodelofLogisticsParkLogisticsDevelopmentintheUnitedStatesisthefirstcountryintheconstructionoflogisticsparkshavealsoaccumulatedawealthofexperience.Government'spreferentialpolicies.Tosupportthedevelopmentandconstructionoflogisticsparks,governmenthasprovidedpreferentialpoliciestoattractinvestmentandlogisticsbusinesspresence.InTexas,SanAntonio,forexample,tomakeitassoonaspossibleastheNAFTAtradecorridor,themunicipalgovernmentoftheformer10-yearexemptionfrompropertytaxes,salestaxrefundongoodsintransitshallbeexemptedfromenterprisepropertytaxandaseriesoftaxincentives;Theuseofmergersandacquisitionsandstrategicpartnershipscombinedresourcesoftheworldcombinedoptimizationoflogisticsnodes,sothatallthelogisticsbusinessintimeandspacetoachievethebestoperation,forminga"fast,highquality,efficient"Thelogisticsanddistributionsystem.LogisticsparksinChinaandstatusofexistingdevelopmentpatternLatestartofthelogistics,thelogisticsparkdevelopmentandconstructionoftheriseisafewyearsago.China'slogisticsparkdevelopmentmodelhasthefollowingfour:Zonemode,themainguidingmodel,modeldevelopersandintegratedmodeofoperation.However,constructionanddevelopmentoflogisticsparkposition,thedevelopmentoflogisticsparkslackofaunifiedplanningandmanagement,logisticsparksdepartmentsaroundthebuildinginevitablyhastyplanningandconstructionofthetendencyoftheblind;aroundthelogisticsdevelopmentisextremelyuneven;Logisticsunreasonablelayoutoftheparkspace;comprehensivelarge-scalelogisticsparkconstructionisstillinitsinfancy,andthereisabiggapbetweenthedevelopedcountries.Therefore,Chinamustactivelyexplorecurrentconditionsandlogisticsforthelevelofdevelopmentoflogisticsparkdevelopmentmodel,andlearnfromsuccessfulexperiencesinothercountriesprovideuswithhelpfulsuggestions.LinesoflogisticsparkplanningtechniquesGovernmenttodevelopmodernlogisticsindustry,thelogisticsparkplanningshouldbeadopted"aposition,three-platform"technologyroadmap.Apositioningthatfocusedonthelogisticsparkfeatures,includingbasicfunctions,value-addedservices,supportingservices,totarget.Threeplatformplanning:Regionalplanninglogisticsinfrastructureplatform,includinginfrastructureclass,equipmentclassandstandardclassthreeareasofoverallplanning;RegionalLogisticsInformationPlatform,istosolveallkindsoflogisticsinformationsystemsforinformationsharing,systemintegrationandvarioustypesofinformationinteroperabilityissuesbetweenchannels;logisticspolicyplatformisthewillofthegovernmentandlogisticsplanning,thedevelopmentisconducivetothedevelopmentofmodernlogisticspoliciesandregulations.China'slogisticsparkplanningandproblemsofconstruetionChina'slogisticsparkintheplanningandconstructionprocess,willencounteraseriesofproblems,suchas:lackofunifiedplanninglogisticspark,affectingregionaldistribution;investmentTandaqiuquanlogisticspark,thesizeandnumberofahazard;logisticsparkplanningisnotsufficientStrategicpositioningisnotclear;inadequatelogisticsparkplanning,strategicpositioningisnotclear;investorsbythenameofthelogisticsparkandoccupythelandisserious,andwehavetofacetheseissuesandactivelyseekingasolutionmethod.Lackofunifiedplanninglogisticspark,affectingregionaldistributionAtpresent,theGovernmentplanstopromotetheconstructionoflogisticsparksincities,districtlevelgovernmentapprovalnumberoftheconstructionofahighproportionofthepark,whiletheprovincialgovernmentsintheglobalaspectsofregionaleconomicdevelopmentconcernsanumberofrelativelyweakandeasytoplaceemphasisondevelopmentislikelytoresultinthesameareaanumberofstrategicpositioningwithintheparkinsimilar,butdifferentpartsofgovernmentwillintroduceincentivestoattractcapitalinvestment,mayleadtoexcessivecompetition.Supplychainlogisticsfromthenationalmacropointofview,thelackofcontactbetweentheregionallogisticspark,itisdifficulttobettermeettheneedsofthecountry'soveralllayoutofthelogisticssupplychainoperationsandmeettheneedsofbusiness,resultinginwasteofresources,poorconvergence,configurationimbalance.InvestmentTandaqiuquanlogisticspark,thesizeandnumberofariskTheconstructionoflogisticsparksislargelytheproductofthelocalexecutive-led,someoftheprojectsintoanumberofofficialsoftheface-savingprojects,performanceprojects,theblindpursuitoflarge-scale,largeinvestment,highstandard,multi-number,sothatlogisticsparkandthelocaleconomylevelofdevelopmentoutofline,resultinginmanylarge-scalelogisticsparkdeserted.LogisticsParkateveryturnsomenewmillionorevenbillionsofdollarsininvestment,thesmalleroftheselargeinvestmentinthelogisticsbusiness,proveddifficulttodigest,leadingtotheoperationaleffectivenessoflogisticsfacilitiesisnotideal.Ofcourse,thenumberoflogisticsparkconstructionisnotpossible,dothebestyoucanfocusondistributedprocessing.Inadequatelogisticsparkplanning,strategicpositioningisnotclearInadequateplanningandstrategicpositioningofthetwofactorsisnotclearisthatmanyconstructionanddevelopmentoflogisticsparkplanningthebiggestobstacleencounteredintheprocess.Partofthelogisticsparkprojectplanningtoointheform,theconstructionoftheparkandothermajorlocationsandfunctionsofthecontentsofthecargoalonethetotalnumberofthemacro,theannualfreightturnover,fewroadsorroadplan,andevenafewdeterminedpeople'ssubjectivejudgments,Forlackofmarketdemandandcustomeranalysistostudyandconsidertheneglectofregionalmanufacturing,distributionandconsumergroupssuchasthelayoutoftheactualsituation,theformationofurbandistributionradiusistoolarge,trafficcongestion,poortransportandothertrunkMishapdifficulttogetcustomers,businessandmarketrecognition.InvestorbythenameofthelogisticsparkandoccupythelandisseriousAlthoughmostofthelogisticsparkiscurrentlynotinthecitycenter,butgenerallyinthesmoothflowoftrafficandeconomicdevelopmentofthelot,intheprocessofurbanexpansion,asignificantappreciationpotential;Second,logisticsparksoftenhavetobearpartofthesocialfunctions,localgovernmentswillbeissuedmanypreferentialpolicies,relativelylowlandprices;addition,thestateofoperatingtightcontrolmoreandmoreland,whilethelogisticsindustryisanemergingindustryispushingthelocalgovernmentproject,thelogisticsprojectlanduseapprovalisrelativelyeasy.Inthesefavorableconditions,manyrealestatedeveloperscantakeadvantageof,bythenatureofthelogisticstogetcheaplandsites,vigorouslypursuedrealestatedevelopment;Somecompaniescheapstore,sellhigh.Fromthemacrolevel,therecommendationsofthegovernmentdepartmentsLogisticsparkplanningandoperationstotheactualsituationofthepremise,basedonthemacrolevel,governmentdepartmentsmakerelevantrecommendations.Mayitslogisticsparkplanning,constructionandoperationshaveacertainsignificance.Playtheroleofgovernmentregulationtoprovidepolicysupport"Logisticsindustryrestructuringandrevitalizationplan"hasbeenintroducedintheoptimizationofthelayoutofthecountrytheregionallogisticsindustry,theproposed"thedevelopmentofninekeyareasoflogistics,construction,logisticschannelsandanumberofthetoptenlogisticsnodecity."PlanningandconstructionofLogisticsParkshouldbesubordinatedtonationalplanning,toavoidthehomogenizationofcompetitionwithintheregion,breakingtheboundariesofadministrativedivisions,andactivelypromoteanddeepenthefieldoflogisticsbetweenthedifferentareasofcooperation,toguidetheinter-regionalintegrationoflogisticsresources,andgraduallyformaregionalintegrationlogisticsservicepattern.Governmentdepartmentsshouldbefullyconsideredinthetrunk,themainhubofplanningbasedoncomprehensiveanalysisconsideredthepark,includingtransportation,market,demand,environment,policy,scale,positioningtheparkasawholecombinationoffactors,thespatiallayoutofthelogisticsparkplanning,landsizeandfuturedevelopmenttoensurethecitylayoutisreasonable.Strengthenscientificmanagement,tocreatestandardizedlogisticsmarketDependsonthehealthydevelopmentoflogisticsparkstandardizedlogisticsmarketenvironment.Therefore,suggestedthatrelevantdepartmentstostrengthenthemanagementofthelogisticsmarket,tofurtherstandardizetheoperationalorderofthelogisticsmarket.Inthelogisticsparkplanning,approvalandprojectstostrengthenlandmanagement,butthedelayinoccupationoflandfortheprojectstartedtotaketargetedmeasurestodealwith.Constructionconditionsoftheregiondonothavetostrictlycontrolthelogisticsparkprojects.Secondly,theGovernmentshouldbuildandoperatetheparktoconductregularassessment,tomeasuretheireconomicandsocialbenefitsforpoormanagementorevenachangeinbusinessdirection,wemustoperateaccordingtothesituationpriorinvestmentorrecoveryoflandforotheruses.Developmentofrelevantpolicies,buttopreventthenegativeeffectsConstructionofthelogisticsparkcannotdowithoutthesupportofgovernmentpolicies,preferentialpoliciesgrantedbythegovernmentcangreatlyreducethecostsoflogisticspark,butalsocanpromotethebusinessassignedtothedevelopmentoflogisticsparks.TheneedfortheGovernmenttoadapttothedevelopmentoflogisticsparklanduse,managementsystem;fordifferenttypesoftheactualoperatingconditionsofthelogisticsparkimplementationofappropriatetaxpolicy;improvetheinvestmentenvironment.Butthegovernment'spreferentialpoliciescannotbetooinclinedtoavoidoverheatingtheconstructionoflogisticsparks,leadingtohighvacancyrate,alargenumberoflandhasbeenidle,resultinginwasteoflandresources,andevenleadsomecompanieshoardingland,insteadinvestinrealestate.Fromthepark'sconstructionandoperationallevels,tolocalgovernmentsandenterprisestomakerecommendationsLogisticsParkwiththeconstructionandoperationoftheactualsituationoflocalgovernmentsandenterprisesmakerelevantrecommendations,wouldlikeitsplanningandconstructionofthelogisticsparkhasaguidingrole.ThelogisticsparkplanningandconstructionshouldbefullypreparedbeforetheworkStatusoflocallogisticsandthefuturedevelopmentofquantitativeandqualitativeanalysisandforecasting;goodfunctionalposition,accordingtomarketdemand,byanalyzingtheexistingconditionstodeterminetheirmaintargetandlogisticsservicesprovidedtofunctionalelements,tosomeextent,functiondirectlyrelatedtotheprospectsforthedevelopmentoflogisticsparkstodeterminetheirsurvival.ThesearetheLogisticsParkandanimportantbasisfordeterminingthesizeofland.China'seconomicsystemfromthedevelopmenttrend,themainbodyofLogisticsParkisnotacountrybutanenterprise,theenterpriseisthepursuitofinvestmentreturns,anddemonstratedtheconstructionandoperationoflogisticsparkshaveprofit,non-profitlogisticsparkwillnotlongsurvive.Strengtheningthelogisticsparkinvestmentriskmanagement,risk-averseLogisticsParkhasalongconstructionperiodofinvestment,capitalinvestment,involvingmultiplestakeholdersandothercharacteristics,accordingtoasourceofriskarises,ariskfactorforinvestmentinlogisticsparksmainlyinthefollowingcategories:naturalandsocialrisk,marketrisk,economicrisktechnicalriskandmanagementrisk,whichrequiresinvestorstotheprojectintheprojectmustbestrictlyoncarefulriskanalysis,riskpreventionmechanismconstructionoftheparktoensurethesuccessoftheprojectinvestment.Tobeflexiblelogisticsparkplanning,facilitiesplanningtoeconomicrationalityLogisticsParkofscaleandserviceobje