系統(tǒng)工程管理

系統(tǒng)工程管理第一頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。OutlineSystemDefinitionWhatisSystemsEngineering?SystemEngineeringProcess第二頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。SystemDefinitionHardwareSoftwareEquipmentFacilitiesTechnicalDataPersonnelAnintegratedsetofequipment,computerprogram,facilities,humanandlogisticalsupportresources,andprocedureswhichareassembledtoaccomplishasinglepurposeormission.(NSA/CSS)Asystemisaconstructorcollectionofdifferentelementsthattogetherproduceresultsnotobtainablebyelementsalone.(NASA)Acompletesolutiontoadefinedneed(s)initsfullenvironmentoveraprescribedlifetime.

(NorthropGrumman)第三頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。CommandControl&CommunicationsArchitectureSpaceSystemSpaceMissionConceptSubjectSpaceSegment(P/L+S/C)OrbitandConstellationLaunchSegmentGroundSegmentMissionOperations第四頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。SystemDefinitionWhatisSystemsEngineering?SystemEngineeringProcess第五頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。WhatistheSystemsEngineering?(I)TheOrchestraNeedsaConductorand...第六頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。WhatistheSystemsEngineering?(II)Systemsengineeringistheartandscienceofdevelopinganoperablesystemcapableofmeetingrequirementswithinoftenopposedconstraints.Systemsengineeringisaholistic,integrativedisciplinetoproduceacoherentwholethatisnotdominatedbytheperspectiveoffasinglediscipline.第七頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。SystemsEngineering(BasicConcept)Mission(ALargeProblem)#1#2#3#NTOBESOLVED&EFFECTIVELYMANAGEDTOPRODUCEANOPTIMIZEDSOLUTIONSYSTEMSENGINEERINGPROCESS(TOBEDECOMPOSEDINTOANINTEGRATEDSETOFSMALLPROBLEMS)第八頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。RelationshipsbetweenSystemEngineeringandProjectControlSYSTEMSEMGINEERINGRequirementDefinitionRequirementDefinitionTechnicalSolutionDefinitionProductRealizationDesignRealizationEvaluationProductTransitionTechnicalManagementTechnicalPlanningTechnicalControlTechnicalAssessmentTechnicalDecisionAnalysis

PlanningRiskManagementConfigurationManagementDataManagementAssessmentDecisionAnalysisPROJECTMANAGEMENTPROJECTCONTROLManagementPlanningIntegratedAssessmentScheduleManagementCostManagementResourceManagementAcquisitionmanagement第九頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。ProjectLife-CyclePhases(NASA)Pre-PhaseA:ConceptStudiesPhaseA:Concept&TechnologyDevelopmentPhaseB:PreliminaryDesign&TechnologyCompletionPhaseC:FinalDesign&FabricationPhaseD:SystemAssemblyIntegration&TestLaunchPhaseE:Operation&SustainmentPhaseF:CloseoutFeasible

ConceptTop-LevelArchitectureFunctionalBaselineAllocatedBaselineProductBaselineAs-DeployedBaselinePhaseConfigurationOutputFeasibleSystemConceptsintheformofSimulations,Analysis,StudyReports,Models,andMockupsSystemConceptsDefinitionintheformofSimulations,Analysis,EngineeringModels,Mockups,TradeStudyDefinitionEndProductsintheformofMockups,TradeStudyResults,Specifications,InterfaceDocuments,andPrototypesEndProductsDetailedDesigns,EndProduct,ComponentFabrication,AndSoftwareDevelopmentOperations-ReadySystemEndProductWithSupportingRelatedEnablingProductsProductCloseoutDesiredSystem第十頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。SystemDefinitionWhatisSystemsEngineering?SystemEngineeringProcess第十一頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。SystemsEngineeringEngineRequirementsFlowDownFromLevelAboveRealizedProductstoLevelAboveRequirementsFlowDowntoLevelBelowRealizedProductsFromLevelAboveSYSTEMDESIGNPROCESSRequirementsDefinitionProcessesStakeholderExpectationsDefinition2.TechnicalRequirementsDefinitionTechnicalSolutionDefinitionProcesses3.LogicalDecomposition4.DesignSolutionDefinitionTECHNICALMANAGEMENTPROCESSTechnicalPlanningProcesses10.TechnicalPlanningTechnicalControlProcesses11.RequirementsManagement12.InterfaceManagement13.TechnicalRiskManagement14.ConfigurationManagement15.TechnicalDataManagementTechnicalAssessmentProcesses16.TechnicalAssessmentTechnicalDecisionAnalysisProcesses17.DecisionAnalysisProductionTransitionProcesses9.ProductTransitionEvaluationProcesses7.ProductVerification8.ProductValidationDesignRealizationProcesses5.ProductImplementation6.ProductIntegrationPRODUCTREALIZATIONPROCESS第十二頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。InterrelationshipsamongtheSystemsDesignProcessesMissionObjectives&ConstraintsMissionAuthorityStakeholder

ExpectationsOperationalObjectivesMissionSuccessCriteriaHigh-LevelRequirementsFunctionalandLogicalDecompositionDesignandProductBreakdownStructureConOpsHigh-LevelRequirementsFunctional&PerformanceAnalysisSufficientDepthWork?Safe&Reliable?Affordable?SelectBaselineBaselineRequirements?StartTradeStudiesandIterative

Design

LoopNoYesNoYesYesNoStakeholderExpectationDefinitionTechnicalRequirementDefinitionLogicalDecompositionDesignSolutionDefinitionDecisionAnalysis第十三頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。PurposeofStakeholderExpectationsDefinitionProcess

Themainpurposeistoidentifywhothestakeholdersareandhowtheyintendtousetheproduct.Theearlytaskistounderstandtheobjectivesofthemission.OperationalObjectivesSuccessCriteriaDesignDriversMissionAuthorityMissionObjectivesAgencystrategicplansAnnouncementsofopportunityRoadmaps

ScienceTechnologydemonstrationTechnologydevelopmentProgrammaticOperationDriverIntegrationandtestTransportationSciencedatadistribution…...

Whatmeasurements?Howwell?

OperationdurationEnvironment….第十四頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。StakeholderExpectationsDefinitionProcess

InitialCustomerExpectationsValidatedStakeholderExpectationsOtherStakeholderExpectationsCustomerFlowdownRequirementsConceptofOperationsEnablingProductSupportStrategiesMeasureof

EffectivenessEstablishListof

StakeholdersElicitStakeholdersExpectationsEstablishOperationsConceptandSupportStrategiesDefineStakeholderExpectationsinAcceptableStatementsAnalyzeExpectationStatementsForMeasuresofEffectivenessValidateThatDefinedExpectationStatementsReflectBidirectionalTraceabilityObtainStakeholderCommitmentstotheValidatedSetofExpectationsBaselineStakeholderExpectations第十五頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。OperationArchitecture第十六頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。TechnicalRequirementsDefinitionProcess

BaselinedStakeholderExpectationsValidatedTechnicalRequirementsBaselinedConceptOfOperationsMeasuresofEffectivenessMeasuresofPerformanceTechnicalPerformanceMeasuresAnalyzeScopeofProblemDefineDesignandProductConstraintsDefineFunctionalandBehavioralExpectationinTechnicalTermsDefinePerformanceRequirementsforEachDefinedFunctionalandBehaviorExpectationDefineTechnicalRequirementsinAcceptable“Shall”StatementsValidateTechnicalRequirementsDefineMeasureofPerformanceforEachMeasureofEffectivenessEstablishTechnicalRequirementsBaselineDefineTechnicalPerformanceMeasuresBaselinedEnablingSupportsStrategies第十七頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。CharacteristicsofRequirements

TechnicalRequirements–AllocationHierarchicallytoPBSFunctionalRequirementsPerformanceRequirementsInterfaceRequirementsOperationalRequirements–DrivefunctionalRequirementsMissionTimelineSequenceMissionConfigurationsCommonandTelemetryStrategyReliabilityRequirements–ProjectStandards–LeviedAcrossSystemsMissionTimelineSequenceMissionConfigurationsCommonandTelemetryStrategySafetyRequirements–ProjectStandards–LeviedAcrossSystemsToxicSubstancesPressurizedVesselsRadioFrequencyEnergySpecialtyRequirements–ProjectStandards–DriveProductDesignProducibilityMaintainabilityAssetProtection第十八頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。FlowdownRequirements

MissionObjectivesMissionRequirementsSystemFunctionalRequirementsCostScheduleConstraintsSystemPerformanceRequirementsEnvironmentalandotherDesignRequirementsSubsystemASubsystemBSubsystemCSubsystemDAllocatedRequirementsDerivedRequirementsAllocatedRequirementsAllocatedRequirementsAssumption…NEEDSSYSTEMSUBSYSTEM第十九頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。LogicalDecompositionProcess

BaselinedTechnicalRequirementsValidatedTechnicalRequirementsMeasuresofPerformanceLogicalDecompositionmodelsLogicalDecompositionWokProductsDefineOneorMoreLogicalDecompositionmodelsAllocateTechnicalRequirementstoLogicalDecompositionModelstoFormASetofDerivedTechnicalRequirementsResolveDerivedTechnicalRequirementsConflictsValidatetheResultingSetofDerivedTechnicalRequirementsEstablishtheDerivedTechnicalRequirementsBaseline第二十頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。ProductBreakdownStructureSpacecraftSystemSystemStructureandMechanismThermalControlAttitudeDetermination&ControlReactionControlTelemetryTracking&Comm.EnergyPowerCommand&DataHandlingStructureElementDeployMechanismSolarPanelRadiatorHeatPipeHeaterMLI(multi-layerinsulator)

GyrosStarTrackerMomentumWheelsMagneticTorquersControlElectronicsThrusterTanksValves

AntennasReceiversMultiplexersGPSReceiverTWTAsSolarArraysBatteryRegulatorPowerControlOnBoardComputerSolidStateRecorderRemoteI/OUnitsSubsystemComponentTraveling-wavetube第二十一頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。FunctionalBreakdownBlockDiagram第二十二頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。N2ChartGABCDEFMM,SSM,E,SSM,E,SSM,E,SSM:MechanicalE:ElectricalSS:SuppliedServices:Interface第二十三頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。DesignSolutionDefinitionProcess

BaselinedLogicalDecompositionmodelsSystemSpecifiedRequirementsBaselinedDerivedTechnicalRequirementsSubsystemSpecificationProductVerificationandValidationPlanDefineAlternativeDesignSolutionAnalyzeEachAlternativeDesignSolutionEstablishOperationsConceptandSupportStrategiesSelectBestDesignSolutionAlternativeGeneralFullDesignDescriptionoftheSelectedSolutionBaselineDesignSolutionSpecifiedRequirementsandDesignDescriptionInitiateDevelopmentofEnablingProductsEnablingProductExistNeedlowerLevelProduct?NoNoYesYesInitiateDevelopmentofNextlowerlevelProductsEndProduct-SpecifiedRequirementsEnablingProductsRequirements第二十四頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。SingleMissionOperationsSystemLevelTradesandBaselineGROUNDMissionPAYLOADIRSensorSARVIS+NIRHSIORBITLowInclinationSun-Synchh=564kmh=891kmi=97.650i=98.990ExistingTT&CTDRSReceivingStationNewNCUUpgradeRGSCOMARCHImagingDataX-BandS-BandTT&CX-BandS-BandScienceDataX-BandS-BandMISSIONOPSMuti-MissionOperationsS/CSTABILIZ.Three-axisSpin(orDualSpin)GravityGradientLAUNCHERAthenaIITaurus-XLRocketAthenaIXXXXXX:

Baseline

:Alternatives第二十五頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。RequirementsVerificationMatrixRequirementsNoDocumentParagraphShallStatementSuccessCriteriaMethodPhaseResultsP-1xxxCapability:SupportUplinkedData(LDR)SystemXShallProvideaMax.Ground-to-StationUplinkofSystemXLockstoforwardLinkattheMinandMaxDataRateTolerancesTest5Reportxxx第二十六頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。ProductRealizationDesignRealizationEvaluationProcessesProductTransitionProcessProductImplementationProductIntegrationProductVerificationProductValidationAssemblyFunctionalEvaluation

AcquireMake/CodeReuse

FunctionalEnvironmentalOperationalTestinginIntegration&TestEnvironment

OperationalTestinginMissionEnvironmentProductTransitionDeliverytoNextHigherLevelinPBSDeliverytoOperationalSystem第二十七頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。ProductImplementationProcess

RequiredRawMaterialsConfigurationDocumentationSubsystemSpecificationProductImplementationWorkProductsPreparetoConductImplementationIfImplementationbyBuying:ParticipateinPurchaseofSpecifiedendProductMaketheSpecifiedEndProductDesiredEndProductEndProductDesignSpecificationsEnablingProductIfImplementationbyMaking:EvaluateReadinessOfProductImplementationEnablingProductsIfImplementationbyReuse:ParticipateinAcquiringtheReuseEndProductPrepareAppropriateProductSupportDocumentationPrepareAppropriateProductSupportDocumentationCaptureProductImplementationWorkProducts第二十八頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。ProductIntegrationProcess

LowerLevelProductstobeIntegratedConfigurationDocumentationProductDocumentsandManualsProductIntegrationWorkProductsPreparetoConductProductintegrationAssembleandIntegratetheReceivedProductsintotheDesiredEndProductsDesiredProductEndProductDesignSpecificationsEnablingProductPrepareAppropriateProductSupportDocumentationPrepareAppropriateProductSupportDocumentationCaptureProductIntegrationWorkProductsObtainLowerLevelProductsforAssemblyandIntegrationConfirmThatReceivedProductsHaveBeenValidatedPreparetheIntegrationEnvironmentforAssemblyandIntegration第二十九頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。SpacecraftConfigurationBatteryThermalDoublerTMIWallOBMUIPUsSSRRwheels(x4)MTQs(x3)DRUGPSRcvrsTRSPsPropulsionModuleMAGs(x2)OmbilicalIFW/launcherS-Bandantenna(x2)GPSantenna(x2)BASS&radiatorSolarSideSolarArrayConnectorFixedpanel第三十頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。ProductVerificationProcess

EndProductToBeVerifiedProductVerificationPlanProductVerificationResultsProductVerificationWorkProductsPreparetoConductProductVerificationAnalyzetheOutcomesoftheproductVerificationVerifiedEndProductSpecifiedRequirementsBaselineEnablingProductPrepareAppropriateProductSupportDocumentationPrepareaProductVerificationReportCaptureWorkProductsfromProductsVerificationPerformtheProductVerificationProductVerificationReport第三十一頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。RequirementAllocation,Integration,andVerificationProcessMission/SystemRequirementsSystemSegmentRequirementsSubsystemRequirementsUnitRequirementsTestUnitsTestSubsystemsTestSystemSegmentsTestSystemVerificationAllocationIntegrationDesignandBuildUnits第三十二頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。TypesofVerification

AnalysisTheuseofmathematicalmodelingandanalyticaltechniquestopredictthesuitabilityofadesign.

DemonstrationShowingthattheuseofanproductachievestheindividualspecifiedrequirement.

InspectionThevisualexaminationofarealizedendproduct.

TestTheuseofanendproducttoobtaindetaileddataneededtoverifyperformance,orprovidesufficientinformationtoverifyperformancethroughfurtheranalysis.第三十三頁(yè)，共三十九頁(yè)。ProductsFormsofVerificationSimulated(algorithmicmodels,virtualrealitysimulator).Mockup(plywood,brassboard,breadboard)Conceptdescription(paperreport);Prototype(productwithpartialfunctionality);Engineeringunit(fullyfunctionalbutmaynotbesameform/fit);Designverificationtestunits(form,fit,andfunctionisthesame,buttheymaynothaveflightparts);Qualificationunits(identicaltoflightunitsbutmaybesubjectedtoextremeenvironments)Flightunits(endpro