2014年陜西高考英語試題及答案詳解

2014年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（陜西卷）第一部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共四節(jié)，滿分55分）語音知識（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）從每小題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。1.openA.become B.across C.lonely D.balcony2.teacherA.great B.heavy C.idea D.disease3.physicsA.pleasure B.music C.sure D.increase4.weatherA.warmth B.method C.theory D.breathe5.brownA.however B.sorrow C.knowledge D.owner第二節(jié)情景對話（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）根據(jù)對話情景和內(nèi)容，從對話后所給的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入每一空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)為多余選項(xiàng)。Linda:hello,George.6George:Hi,Linda.I’mreadingatouristguidetoEurope.Linda:7George:Yes,I’mlookingforwardtosuchatrip.Hey,haveyoueverbeenthere?Linda:Yes,I’veactuallyvisitedmanycountriesinEurope:France,Germany,ItalyandAustria,forexample.George:8Andhowlonedidyoustay?Linda:Twoyearsago.Foroveronemonth.George:Didyoulikeit?Linda:9There’remanyancientchurchesandcastles.It’sthebesttripI’veevertaken.George:Soundsgreat.10Linda:Goodidea.Youwon’tregretit.A.Ofcourse.B.Notexactly.C.Whatareyoudoing?D.Whendidyougothere?E.DoyouplantomovetoEurope?F.AreyouthinkingofvisitingEuropesomeday?G.IdecidetomakethetripnextOctoberonmyannualleave.第三節(jié)語法和詞匯知識（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分） 從每小題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。11.—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—!That’sgoodnews.A.Goahead B.Cheers C.Congratulations D.Comeon12.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikeforaswim?A.togo B.going C.go D.havinggone13.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.that B.which C.as D.what14.TheScottishgirlblueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.A.by B.of C.in D.with15.thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.A.Why B.When C.That D.What16.—Youknow,Imetmygirlfriend’sparentsforthefirsttimeonlyyesterday.—?Ithoughtyou’dmetthembefore.A.Sowhat B.Pardon C.Really D.Whatfor17.Nosoonersteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.A.hadMoYan B.MoYanhad C.hasMoYan D.MoYanhas18.RalphW.Emersonwouldalwaysnewideasthatoccurredtohim.A.setoff B.setabout C.setup D.setdown19.villagewhereIwasbornhasgrownintotown.A.The;a B.A;the C.The.The D.A,a20.thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.A.Workingout B.Workedout C.Toworkout D.Workout21.I’dappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.A.it B.you C.one D.this22.DuringhisstayinXi’an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends.A.wouldrecommend B.hadrecommendedC.haverecommended D.wererecommending23.Wewouldratherourdaughterathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstay B.hasstayed C.stayed D.stay24.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.A.while B.before C.after D.since25.Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Whohavetakenit?A.need B.must C.should D.could第四節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出適合填入對應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。ItwasMother’sDayandIwasshoppingatthelocalsupermarketwithmyfive-year-oldson,Tenyson.Aswewere26,werealizedthatonlyminutesearlieran27womanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhitherheadontheground.28waswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.29,alotofpeoplestoppedtohelpout.cleaningouttheattic(閣樓)onedaywhenshecameaccrossanolddustymanuscript(手稿).Onitstoppagewerethewords,“ByO.Henry.”Itwasanicestory,andshesentittoherdaughteratSMU,whoshowedittomyfather.Myfatherhadneverreadthestorybefore,butitsoundedlikeO.Henry,andheknewthatO.HenryhadoncelivedinHouston.SoitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedintheGalvestonboardinghouse,andhadwrittenthestorythereandleftthemanuscriptbehindbyaccident.MyfathervisitedanO.HenryexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,whoauthenticatedthestoryasO.Henry’s. Myfatherthensetouttosellit.Eventually,hefoundhimselfinDesMoines,meetingwithGaronerCowles,atopeditorattheDesMoinesRegister.Cowleslovedthestoryandboughtitonthespot.Myfathertookthemoneytothegirl.Itwasjustenoughforhertohavetheoperationshesodesperatelyneeded. MyfathernevertoldmewhattheO.Henrystorywasabout.ButIdoubtthatiscouldhavebeenbetterthanhisownstory.49.WhofoundtheO.Henry’smanuscript?A.Thegirl’smother. B.Theauthor’sfather.C.Thegirl. D.Theauthor.50.Whichofthefollowingmightexplainthefactthatthemanuscriptwasfoundintheattic?A.O.HenryonceworkedinHouston.B.O.HenryoncestayedinGalveston.C.O.HenryoncemovedtoDesMoines.D.O.HenryoncetaughtatSMU.51.Theunderlinedword“authenticated”inParagraph2probablymeans.A.named B.treated C.proved D.described52.Accordingtothetext,whydidtheauthor’sfathergotoDesMoines?A.ToselltheO.Henrystory. B.Tomeettheauthorhimself.C.TotalkwiththeO.Henryexpert. D.Togivemoneytothegirl.C WhydoAmericansstruggleswithwatchingtheirweight,whiletheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,continuetostaythin?NowaresearchbyCornellUniversitysuggestshowlifestyleanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludethattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However,AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplateisemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover. AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,ahealthexpert,theFrenthseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespendafairlylongtimeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericanslosetheabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhavestopped.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.TheFrench,instead,tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers’marketswheretheyhaveachoiceoffreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashigh-qualitymeatsforeachmeal. AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrenchWomenDon’tGetFat,decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarelygoestothegym. Insipteofallthesedifferences,evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestylechangesmaybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesity—orextremeoverweight—amongadultsisonly6%.However,asAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptanceandtheyoungrejectoldertraditions,theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%—andisgrowing.53.InwhatwayaretheFrenchdifferentfromAmericansaccordingtoDr.JosephMercola?A.Theygoshoppingatsupermarketsmorefrequently.B.Theysqueezeeatingbetweentheotherdailyactivities.C.Theyregardeatingasakeypartoftheirlifestyle.D.Theusuallyeattoomuchcannedandfrozenfood.54.Thistextismainlyabouttherelationshipbetween.A.AmericansandFrench B.lifestyleandobesityC.childrenandadults D.fastfoodandoverweight55.Thistextismainlydeveloped.A.bycontrast B.byspaceC.byprocess D.byclassification56.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.ATVinterview. B.Afoodadvertisement.C.Ahealthreport. D.Abookreview.D Oneafternoonlastweek,Isawthreetearfulchildrenfrommyson’sschoolbeingcomfortedbyteachers.Thatmorning,my11-year-oldbadstomachpains,retching(干嘔)intoabowl.Talkingtoothermotherslater,Iheardaboutotherchildrenwithstomachacheordifficultysleepingthenightbefore. Whatcausedsomuchpain?Sportsday.Sportsdaymightbenecessaryatahighly-competitiveindependentschool,butnotatavillageprimaryschool.Forthechildrenwhocanflylikethewind,sportsdaycausesnoproblem.Forthosewhoareoverweightorjustnotgoodatsport,itisanightmare（惡夢）.Evenforthosewhoenjoyrunningbutfallhalfwaydownthetrackinfrontoftheentireschoolandtheirparents,itcanproveadisaster. Whydoweputourchildrenthroughthisannualsuffering?Somemaysaycompetitionischaracterbuilding;orit’stakingpart,notwinning,that’simportant;orthatitisatraditionofschoollife.Ijustfeltgreatpityforthosechildrenintearsorinpain. Teamgamesattheendofsportsdayproducedsomecloseraces,wildenthusiasm,lotsofshouting—andwerefuntowatch.Moreimportantly,thechildrenwhowerenotsofastorquickatpassingtheballwerehiddenalittlefromeveryone’seyes.Someofthemalsohadthethrillofbeingonthewinningside. Iwiththatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherless-competitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgame,withafewracesforfhosewhowantthem,wouldbelessstressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefuntowatch.57.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’ssonfromParagraph1?A.Hetalkedwithsomemothers.B.Hecomfortedhisclassmates.C.Hehaddifficultyinsleeping.D.Hesufferedfromstomachache.58.Sportsdayisstillanannualeventinthisschoolprobablybecause.A.thisisanindependentschoolB.itisatraditionoftheschoolC.ithelpschildrenloseweightD.childrenenjoywatchingsports59.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutteamgames?A.Theshouldincludemorestressfulraces.B.Theyareacceptabletodifferentchildren.C.Theyshouldbeabandonedatprimaryschools.D.Theyarelessfunforthosewholoverunning.60.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardssportsday?A.Critical. B.Neutral. C.Positive. D.Ambiguous.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下框的A~F選項(xiàng)中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。RealwinnersoftourismNegativeeffectsoftourismGrowingtourismintheworldDevelopingtourismwithcautionBenefitstothelocalsfromtourismTourismproblemsandpossiblesolutions.61. OntheMediterraneanislandofMajoreainSpain,thelocalsareangry.Toolate.Inthelastquarterofthe20thcentuty,theyobtainedprofitfromforeignvisitorswantingtobuyuppropertyontheirbeautifulisland.SuddenlyitoccurredtoMajoreansthattheislandnolongerbelongedtothem.Its630,000inhabitants（居民）areincreasinglyconvincedthatthe14millionvisitorsayeararefartoomuchofagoodthing.Waterisinshortsupply,pollutionisworsening,andthereisnoaffordablehousingleftforthemtobuy.62. Tourismistheworld’slargestandfastestgrowingindustry.In1950,25millionpeopletraveledabroad;lastyearitwas750million.TheWorldTourismOrganizationpredictsthat1.6billionpeople,by2020,willtraveleachyear,spendingovertwotrillion.63. Thehostcountrymaynotseemanybenefits.InThailand,60%ofthe$4billionannualtourismincomeleavesthecountry.Touristsarrangedbytravelcompaniestendtostayatbigforeign-ownedhotels,buyingfewlocalprodects.Masstourism(旅游團(tuán)隊(duì))usuallyleaveslittlemoneyinsidethecountryandmostofthemoneygoestotheairlines,thetouroperators,andtheforeignhotelowners,whoarethefinalwinneroftourism.64. Thesedaystheindustry’smosturgentquestionmaybehowtocontroltheflowoftourists.AtypicalexampleofthisisItaly,wheregreatculturalcenterslikeFlorenceandVenicecan’thandleallthetouriststheygeteverysummer.InFlorence,itshalf-millioninhabitantshavetolivewiththepolution,trafficjam,andcrimecausedby11millionvisitorsayear.Nowthere’stalkabouthowtosolvetheseproblems,likeraisinghoteltaxes,orevenchargingadmissiontosomepublicsquares.Theideaistodiscourageatleastsomevisitors,aswellastopayforcleaningupthemess.61. Formanypoorercontries,tourismmaystillofferthebesthopefordevelopment.TheVietnamesearedoingtheirbesttoopenuptheircountry.Libyahaspaid$1millionforastudy.Theyallwanttourists.Yetifsomethingisn’tdone,tourismseemscertaintobecomethevictimofitsownsuccess.Itseffectontheenvironmentisamajorconcern.Forthisreason,touristorganizationsneedtohavesecondthoughtsaboutwhatexactlytheyaretrytosell.第三部分：寫作（共三節(jié)，滿分55分）第一節(jié)單詞拼寫（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分） 根據(jù)下列各句句意和空白之后的漢語提示詞，在答題卡指定區(qū)域的橫線上寫出對應(yīng)單詞的正確、完整形式，每空只寫一詞。66.Thefirstfewweeksofthis(春天)wereunusuallycold.67.Takethelifttothe(第十)floor,andyouwillfindthegym.68.Wecaneatoutifyoulike,butIwould(更喜歡)tostayin.69.Keepinmindthatitisashameto(浪費(fèi))food.70.Itwas(勇敢的)ofMarytoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.71.I’mhappythatmy80yearoldgrandmahaslearnedhowto(下載)fromtheInternet.72.Theyfailedtoreachasettlement,becausethey(不同意)toomuchwitheachother.73.Menandwomenmustbetreated(平等地)ineducationandemployment.74.OnJune27,2012,theJiaolongreacheda(深度)of7,062metresinthePacificOcean.75.Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmany(申請人).第二節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分） 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞出加一個(gè)漏詞符號（＾），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線（__），并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。 MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.Myunclesallcomealongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting. Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky—theywerelookedlikerain!Werantoescapebutfortunatelynoonewasinjured. ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity!第三節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分30分） 假定你是中學(xué)生李華。美國一個(gè)中學(xué)校長代表團(tuán)即將訪問你校并出席英語周的一項(xiàng)活動。請根據(jù)寫作要點(diǎn)和寫作要求寫一篇?dú)g迎詞。寫作要點(diǎn)：1.表示對客人的歡迎； 2.介紹此項(xiàng)活動（如活動目的、內(nèi)容等）； 3.表達(dá)對客人的祝愿。寫作要求：1.詞數(shù)不少于100； 2.稱呼已經(jīng)給出，請寫歡迎詞正文； 3.不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。De