2014年自考英語(二)資料(-unit-4)

Unit4TheJoyofWork

I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.blessingn.好事；有益之事

2.subsistencen.勉強(qiáng)維持生活；生計(jì)

3.sugarcanen.甘蔗

4.cornn.玉米

5.hogn.豬

6.cashn.現(xiàn)金

7.dairyadj.乳品業(yè)的；生產(chǎn)乳品的n.牛奶場；乳制品

區(qū)分：dairy/diary

8.complainv.抱怨；埋怨；發(fā)牢騷

complaint

complaintosb.aboutsth.

complainofasplittingheadache

9.carpentern.木工；木匠

10.committedadj.盡心盡力的：堅(jiān)信的；堅(jiān)定的

commitanerror

commitacrime

commitsuicide

commitoneselfto(doing)sth.

becommittedto(doing)sth.

commitment

11.brickn.磚；磚塊

12.hammern.錘子；榔頭

13.escortn.護(hù)送者；護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)

14.remindv.提醒；使想起

15.victimn.受害者；犧牲品

fallvictimtosth.

16.ideologyn.意識形態(tài)：觀念形態(tài)

17.terrorismn.恐怖主義

18.depressionn.蕭條期；經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退；不景氣

depress

depressed沮喪的；蕭條的

19.unrestn.動蕩；動亂；騷動

20.illegaladj.不合法的；非法的；違法的

il是in的變體，否定前綴，再如：illogical

ir,im都是in的變體，如：irregular,irresponsible,imbalanced,impossible,immobile

21.immigrantn.（外來）移民；外僑

22.traffickingn.非法交易；非法買賣

c結(jié)尾的詞變形時(shí)先加k，如trafficker,panicker,picnicker,trafficking,panicking

23.dealern.販毒者；毒品販子

dealinsth.

car/drugdealer

dealwithsth.

24.gangn.一幫，一群，一伙（鬧事、斗毆的年輕人）

25.contributev.增加；增進(jìn)；添加（到某物）

26.quitv.停止；戒掉PhrasesandExpressions1.bringin賺得；掙

2.ekeoutaliving竭力維持生計(jì)；勉強(qiáng)度日

3.sinkin被完全理解；被充分意識到

4.lookforwardto（高興地）盼望，期待

5.overandoveragain多次；反復(fù)地；一再

6.bepreparedfor準(zhǔn)備好；有所準(zhǔn)備

7.believein認(rèn)為某事好（對、可接受）II.TextLearningWorkIsaBlessing①IgrewupinLakeland,Louisiana,oneof12children.Wealllivedonmyparents'subsistencefarm（自給自足的農(nóng)場）.Wegrewcotton,sugarcane,corn,hogs,chickensandhadalargegarden,butitdidn'tbringinmuchcash.SowhenIwas12,Igotapart-timejobonadairyfarmdowntheroad,helpingtomilkcows.Wemilked65cowsat5inthemorning,andagainat2intheafternoon,sevendaysaweek.

②InthekitchenoneSaturdaybeforedaylight,Iriibercomplainingtomyfatherandgrandfatherabouthavingtogomilkthosecows.Myfathersaid,"Yaknow,boy,toworkisablessing."

③Ilookedatthosetwomenwho'dworkedharderthanIeverhad-myfatherekingoutalivingonthatfarm,andmygrandfatherfarmingandworkingasacarpenterduringtheDepression.(1)IhadafeelingIhadbeentoldsomethingreallyimportant,butittookmanyyearsbeforeitsankin.（承上、總結(jié)的話）

④GoingtocollegewasarareprivilegeforakidfromLakeland,Louisiana.MyfathertoldmeifIpickedsomethingtostudythatIlikeddoing,I'dalwayslookforwardtomywork.Buthealsoadded,"Evenhavingajobyouhateisbetterthannothavingajobatall."Iwantedtobeafarmer,butIjoinedtheROTC（美）后備軍官訓(xùn)練隊(duì)，預(yù)備役軍官訓(xùn)練營（Reserveanddifferenttodoonyourlunchbreakeverysooften.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.paradoxn.矛盾的人（或事情、情況）

2.simultaneousadj.同時(shí)發(fā)生（或進(jìn)行）的；同步的

3.rewardn.獎勵；回報(bào)；報(bào)酬

4.entrepreneurn.創(chuàng)業(yè)者；企業(yè)家

5.excludev.把…排斥在外；防止…進(jìn)入；阻止…參加

6.tragicadj.悲慘的；悲痛的；可悲的

tragedy

tragedian悲劇演員，悲劇作家

comedy

7.passionn.強(qiáng)烈情感；激情

passionate

8.soundadj.明智的；合理的；正確的；可靠的

9.processn.（為達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)的）過程；進(jìn)程

10.crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵的

11.privilegedadj.榮幸的；幸運(yùn)的

12.motivationn.動機(jī)；原因

13.prioritizev.按重要性排列；劃分優(yōu)先順序

prior

priority

-r（+ity構(gòu)成名詞），再如：regularity,similarity,familiarity,popularity

14.patternn.模式；方式

15.strategyn.策劃；規(guī)劃；部署；統(tǒng)籌安排

16.routinen.常規(guī)；正常順序

17.sightn.視力范圍；視野

18.solelyadv.僅；只：惟；單獨(dú)地

19.logisticsn.后勤；物流；組織工作

20.locallyadv.在本地

21.competitorn.（尤指商業(yè)方面的）競爭者，對手

competewith/againstsb.forsth.

competitive

competitor

competition

22.roomn.可能性；機(jī)會

Thereisstillalotofroomforprogress.

23.nichen.（商品的）商機(jī)；市場定位

24.uniqueadj.獨(dú)特的；罕見的

25.survivev.生存；存活；繼續(xù)存在

surviveafire/awar/aflood/anaccident/anearthquake

surviveaperson

survivor

survival

Heisoneoftheluckysurvivorsinthisaccident.

Darwin'sTheoryofEvolutioncanbecharacterizedassurvivalofthefittest.

26.clientn.客戶；顧客

27.financen.（個人、組織、國家的）財(cái)力，財(cái)源，財(cái)務(wù)管理

28.purchasen.購買；采購

29.obligationn.（已承諾的或法律等規(guī)定的）義務(wù)，責(zé)任

30.downpaymentn.（分期付款的）首期付款；預(yù)付金；定金

31.mortgagen.按揭；按揭貸款

32.trashcann.垃圾桶

33.garagen.停車房；車庫

34.fixturen.固定設(shè)施

35.landscapev.對…做景觀美化；美化…的環(huán)境

36.exceedv.超過（數(shù)量）

37.boundaryn.邊界；界限；分界線

38.exhaustiveadj.詳盡的；徹底的

39.viabilityn.可行性

40.run（使）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，運(yùn)行；操作

41.assumev.假定；假設(shè)；認(rèn)為

assumption

42.alleviatev.減輕；緩和；緩解

43.seasonedadj.富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；老于此道的

44.offerv.主動提出；愿給予

45.aspirev.渴望（成就）；有志（成為）

aspiration

inspiration

perspiration

respiration

Edisononcesaidgeniusis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.

46.variousadj.各種不同的；各種各樣的

vary

variety

47.counseln.勸告；忠告；建議

48.makeshiftadj.臨時(shí)替代的；權(quán)宜的

49.licensen.許可證；許可證；執(zhí)照

50.presencen.存在；出現(xiàn)

51.unparalleledadj.無比的；無雙的；空前的；絕無僅有的

52.professionaladj.職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的

53.careern.生涯；職業(yè)

54.feedv.滿足（希望、愿望、欲望等）PhrasesandExpressions1.liein存在；在于

2.bargainfor預(yù)料到；料想到

3.be/feelobligedtodosth.榮幸地做某事

4.bring…tothetable帶來（好處）

5.at/in/totheforefrontof…處在最前列；進(jìn)入重要地位

6.inplainsight顯而易見

7.get…up安排；組織

8.seekout尋求

9.inplace在工作；準(zhǔn)備就緒

10.applyfor（通常以書面形式）申請，請求II.TextLearningHowtoStartYourOwnBusiness1Theparadoxofstartingyourownbusinessliesinthesimultaneouschallengeandreward,makingitanexperienceunlikeanyother.Somanybusinessesfail,andmostentrepreneursexcludethiselvesfromthepossibility.Thetragicrealityisthatwhenbusinessesfail,thepassionoftendieswithit.（承上句）Byfollowingsomesoundadviceandbeingpreparedfortheprocess,youwilldecreaseyourchancesoflosingalotmorethanyoubargainedfor.IhaverecentlystartedabusinessandhavelearnedsomecruciallessonsintheprocessthatIfeelprivilegedtosharewithyou.（承上啟下句）

21.Identifyyourmotivation.Whydoyouwanttostartyourownbusiness?Tohavemoretime?Tomakemoremoney?Tobeyourownboss?Tohavecreativecontroloverwhatyoulovetodo?Writeoutallofyourmotivatingfactorsandprioritizethi.（承上啟下句）Whenyouseethilisted,youmightseeapatterninthatyou'rejustunhappyatyourcurrentjobandstartingyourownbusinessisn'ttheanswer.

32.Identifyyourpassion.Whatdoyoulovetodo?Whatskillsandknowledgedoyouuniquelybringtothetable?Whatgetsyouexcitedaboutyourwork?Keepthatpassionattheforefrontofyourbusinessplan,yourmarketingstrategies,andyourdailyroutine.(1)Ifyoukeepyourpassioninplainsight,youwillstayfocusedonthepurposeofyourbusinessandnotsolelyonthelogistics.

43.Identifyyourmarket.Ifyouarestartingyourbusinesslocally,researchyourcompetitors.Determineifthereisroominthemarketforyourbusiness.Whatwillyoudodifferentlytodrawincustomers?Whatnichemarketaretheotherbusinessesmissing?IfyouarestartinganInternetcompany,researchtherequirientsforyourownuniqueWebpresence.Yourbusinesscannotsurvivewithoutcustomers,sodoenoughresearchonthefrontendtodetermineifthereareenoughpotentialclientstokeepyourbusinessalive.

54.Identifyyourfinances.Ifyouhaveeverpurchasedanewhome,youknowthatthefinancialobligations（債務(wù)）extendbeyondthedownpaymentandthemortgage.Youhavetobuyfurniture,trashcans,agaragedooropener（車庫門遙控開關(guān)）,lightfixturesandlandscapingequipment（景觀美化設(shè)備）,andbeforeyouknowit,you'vefarexceededyourfinancialboundaries.Thatcanhappenjustaseasilyinabusiness.Doexhaustive（詳盡的）financialplanning.Meetwithafinancialadvisor（財(cái)政顧問）orsomeoneatyourbanktoexaminethefinancialviabilityofyourbusinessandtheprocessofgettingitupandrunning.Planwiselyanddonotassumethebestaboutyourbusiness.Bepreparedforfinanciallossandgetadviceonhowtoalleviatethatburdeninthefuture.

65.Identifyyoursupportsysti.Seekoutadvicefromseasonedbusinessowners,eventhoseinyourownfield.Developrelationshipswithpeoplewhocanoffersoundadviceandcriticismthatyoumightnotsee.Ifthereisabusinessownerinyourcommunityorinyournetworkthatyouaspiretomodel,examinehisorherbusinesspracticesandhowtheyhandlevarioussituations.Askforcounselbeforebigdecisions,andevencreateyourownmakeshiftBoardofDirectorstohelpguide