2023年考研英語一真題及答案

2023年考研英語一真題及答案（僅供參考）

一、完形填空

UseofEnglish

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareas

including

China,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically_1_outsidethe

wallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsof_2—.

Thisword"Caravanserais”isa_3—ofthePersianword“karvan",which

meansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,andseray,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.The

Permcaravanwasusedto_4_groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrossthe

ancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,—5—merchants,travellersorpilgrims.

Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemore

developed,the_6—oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplace

forpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad_7_possibilityofbeing

attackedbythievesorbeing_8—toextremeconditions.Forthisreason,

Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced_9—theycouldbereachedinaday'stravel

time.

Caravanseraisservedasaninformal_10—pointforthevariouspeoplewho

travelledtheSilkRoad._11_,thosestructuresbecameimportantcentersforculture

—12—andinteraction,withtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,_13—

talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly_14—thedevelopmentofseveral

civilizations.

Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand_15—

inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad._16_,itwasfrequentlythefirststop

merchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand_17—suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis

—18—thataround120000to15000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,

_19_onlyabout3000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein_20_.

1、答案：C.located

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2、答案：A.privately

3、答案：D.combination

4、答案：C.describe

5、答案：C.suchas

6、答案：A.construction

7、答案:B.faced

8、答案：B.subjected

9、答案：A.sothat

10、答案：D.meeting

11、答案：D.Asaresult

12、答案：C.exchange

13、答案：C.aswellas

14、答案：B.influencing

15、答案：A.aided

16、答案：B.indeed

17、答案：D.stockupon

18、答案：A.believed

19、答案：D.although

20、答案：A.ruins

二、閱讀理解

Text1

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TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthe

temperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonth

asofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.

PatHardy,whosympathizedwithviewsoftheenergysector,isresistingthe

proposedchangetosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasisethe

primacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionof

mitigationmeasures.

MostscientistsandexpertsshaiplydisputeHardy'sviews."Theycasually

dismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion//

saysDanQuinn,seniorcommunicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,a

non-profitgroupthatmonitorspubliceducation；"WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearn

intheirpublicschoolsisdetemiinedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisan

boardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship/7

SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussiondiscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundthe

world,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemandsfora

greaterfocusonteachingaboutthefactsofclimatechangeinschools.

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profit

groupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthe

countryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesa

gradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulous

states,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasa

disproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecentre'sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstate-level

sciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralises

decisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinits

sciencestandards,“thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught”,hesays.

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Anotherissueisthatwhileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjects

andatsomeages—suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools—itisnotas

wellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidely

taught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudies

courses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesand

textbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducational

materialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.

Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustry

associations.

21.Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedto

答案：C.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting

22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?

答案：B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.

23.ThestudymentionedinParagraph5

答案：A.Climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschool

24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS

答案：C.havelimitedinfluence

25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsome

schools

答案：D.canbeswayedbyexternalforces

Text2

Communitiesthroughouttheregionhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-term

rentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Now,withrecord-highhome

pricesandhistoricallylowinventory,there'sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,

particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswaths

ofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.

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InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent,

housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonan

alreadystrainedmarket.ThestateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould7

vemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals.

〃Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,soanytimeyou7re

takingthetooloutofthetoolkitforcommunitiestoaddressthis,you'repotentially

takingsupplyoffthemarketthat'salreadyincrediblystressed/'saidNickTaylor,

executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.

WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewHampshiretowns,"'employers

arehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtime

findingaplacetolive/'Taylorsaid.

However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,acrucialpartof

theeconomiesinplaceslikeNantucket,CapeCod,orthetownsthatmakeupNew

Hampshire'sSeacoastandLakesRegion,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOoftheCape

Cod&IslandsAssociationofRealtors.〃Alotofworkersareservicingthetourist

industry,andthetourismindustryisservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm/'

Castlesaid,"andsoifsacyclicaleffect/'

Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKerenHorn,an

affordablehousingpolicyexpertattheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston."Ithink

individualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifit'stheir

vacationhomeanyway,andit'sjustempty,whycan1tyoumakemoneyoffit?''

Homsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scale

short-termrentalfacilities—defactohotels—tobypasstaxesandregulations."I

thinkthequestionis,shouldn'tadeveloperwho'sreallybuildingahotel,but

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disguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?1'Hom

said.

Attheendof2018,GovernorCharlieBakersignedabilltoreininthose

potentialinvestor-buyers."Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestate,

mandatestheycarryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanew

statelevy/'theGlobereported.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,limitingwhois

authorizedtorentouttheirhome,andrequiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity1s

InspectionalServicesDepartment.

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitotherstrugglingcities

andtowns.Theonlywaytosolvetheissue,however,isbycreatingmorehousing.

“Ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehaveto

buildalotmore/'

26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?

答案：A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.

27.ThebillmentionedintheParagraph2wasintendedto?

答案：D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.

28.ComparedwithCastle,Tailorismorelikelytosupport?

答案：Binincreaseinaaffordablehousing

29.WhatdoesHornemphasizeinparagraph3?

答案：Cthenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.

30.Hornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsis

答案：Daninadequatesolution.

Text3

Ifyou"reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstonesinsearchofthe

DuchessofSussex'snewchildren'sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobeprepared

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tohuntaroundabit;thesamemaybetrueofThePresident'sDaughter,thenew

thrillerbyBillClintonandJamesPatterson.Bothofthesebooksarepublishednext

weekbyPenguinRandomHouse,acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwith

Waterstones.

Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPenguinRandomHouseconfirmedthat

ithadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.The

trademagazineTheBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswere

beingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuchastables,displayspaces

andwindows,andwere“quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections0.

PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonforWaterstonestold

me:""WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,the

onlypublisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.Wearenot

boycottingPRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityfor

customersremainsgooddespitetheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wedothis

generallybygivingtheirtitleslessprominentpositioningwithinourbookshops.〃We

arehopefulwithourshopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewill

beallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusyandbook

salesareverystrong.ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonth

since2018.”

Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers-ashavecustomers,who

mightexpectthenewtitlesfromthecountry'sbiggestpublishertobeprominently

displayedbyitsbiggestbookretailer.Big-namePRHauthorsmaysufferabit,butit'

sthosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstonesstaffspassionfor

promotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingforanendtothe

dispute.

Itcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequencesof

theproposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&Schuster-the

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reductioninthenumberofunalignedUKpublishersislikelytoleadtofewerbidding

wars,loweradvances,andmoreconformityintermsofwhatispublished.Andone

wondersifPRHwouldhavebeenconfidentenoughtodealwithWaterstonesinthe

wayithasifitweren*tquitesuchabigcompany(itwasformedwiththemergerof

PenguinandRandomHousein2013)andlikelytogetbigger.

“Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpowerandcartels.

Literaryagenciesaregettingbiggertohavetheclouttonegotiatebettertermswith

publishers,publishersconsolidatingtodealwithAmazon/'saysLownie."The

publishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneeds

apluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.After

all,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmall

publishers//

Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamong

publisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.

31.theauthormentionstwobooksintheparagraph1topresent

答案：A.anongoingconflict

32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?

答案：C.torespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove

33.WhatmessagedidthespokesmanofWaterstonesseemtoconvey?

答案：A.theircustomersremainroyal

34.Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?

答案：ASalesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie'sview?

答案：DThemergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend

Text4

Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyear

researcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientific

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communitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,includingthe

perceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle'simpactfactor)andthe

numberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthe

reputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepapersthey

produce,butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.

Inrecentyears,therehavebeenseveralepisodesofscientificfraud,including

completelymade-updata,massagedordoctoredfigures,multiplepublicationsofthe

samedata,theftofcompletearticles,plagiarismoftext,andself-plagiarism.And

somescientistshavecomeupwithanotherwaytoartificiallyboostthenumberof

citationstotheirwork.

Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspiretoinflate

citationnumbers,haveexistedfbralongtime.In2016,researchersdevelopedan

algorithmtorecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthat

disproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsofjournalsthatciteeachother

frequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheirpublications.Recently,Icameacross

yetanotherexpressionofthispredatorybehavior:so-calledsupportservice

consultanciesthatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthors

andtojournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheir

articlesandthearticlesofcolleagues.Someoftheseconsultanciesarealsoactivein

organizingconferencesandcanadvisethatcitationsbeaddedtoconference

proceedings.Inthismanner,asingleeditorcandrivehundredsofcitationsinthe

directionofhisownarticlesorthoseofcolleaguesthatmaybeinhiscircle.

Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,an

individual—actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant-wasabletouseatleast15

journalsascitationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthree

universities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,whichincludesahighnumberofthe

new“international“journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobe

targetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.

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36Accordingparagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedetermined

by________

答案：Bhowmanytimestheirpapersarecited

37Thesupportserviceconsultanciestendto.

答案：Caskauthorstoincludeextracitation

38thefunctionofthemilkcowtojournalsisto.

答案：Aboostcitationcountsforcertainauthors

39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraph?

答案：[B]Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitation

40.Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulation?

答案：[D]Revealtheirmisconduct

三、新題型

考察了排序題，出題形式與往年略有差異，給出了三個既定選項(xiàng)位置，并給

出了8個選項(xiàng)，首段空缺，雖然出題形式略有差異但解題思路和難度并無差異，

只要能看出指代即可輕松判斷出首段，整體難度中等。

ReadingPartB

A.Lastyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographs

bytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthe

first-evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColorado

Rockies.

B.Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,was

anovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforland

conservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregion

inparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.

CAsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalize

ontheexpedition'sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesand

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distributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran'spaintings,toeachmemberof

Congress."Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthis

issomethingthathastobeprotected/'saysMurphy.

DThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlong

recognizedthearea"sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhyHayden's

expeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,

fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontothe

entourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranand

photographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastounding

naturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.

EThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,Utah,onJune8,1871.Overnearlyfour

months,dozenofmanmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalong

theYellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstonelake.Thatfall,theyconcludedthe

surveyinfortBridger,Wyoming

FThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlong

recognizedthearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.ThafswhyHayden'sexpedition

aimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheyellowstoneriverregion,fromit'shot

springsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourgeof

scientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographer

Jacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingit

withtheworld.

GThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlarge

majoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislation

protectingyellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.Grantsigned

anactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld*sfirstnationalpark,while

somelocalsopposedtothedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted-and

Jackson'sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.Idon'tbelievethat

thelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthose

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images,saysHeatherHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,Rangers

andRogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.

HPerhapsmostimportantly,theimagesprovideddocumentaryevidencethat

latermadeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,

Haydencollectedhisteam1sobservationintoanextensiverepaimedatconvincing

SenatorsandRepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesatgovernmentagencylikethe

departmentofInteriorthatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved.

答案：BAFEDHCG

41.B42.F43.D44.C45.G

四、英譯漢

講了人工智能在digitalmarketing里的應(yīng)用，生詞不多，與往年翻譯題目相

比難度偏低。

Translation

(46)AIcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestyleschoicesofcustomersregarding

theirhobbies,favoritecelebrities,andfashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmarketing

messagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.

【參考譯文】人工智能還可以用來識別出消費(fèi)者生活方式的選擇，包括他們

的愛好、最喜歡的名人和時尚，從而通過社交媒體發(fā)布的營銷信息來提供獨(dú)特的

內(nèi)容。

(47)SomebelievethatAlisnegativelyimpactingonthemarketer'sroleby

reducingcreativityandremovingjobs,buttheyareawarethatitisawayofreducing

costsandcreatingnewinformation.

【參考譯文】一些人認(rèn)為，人工智能通過減少創(chuàng)造力和工作機(jī)會對營銷人員

產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，但他們也意識到，這是一種降低成本和創(chuàng)造新信息的方式。

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(48)Algorithmsusedtostimulatehumaninteractionsarecreatingmanyofthese

concerns,especiallyasno-oneisquitesurewhattheoutcomesofusingAltointeract

withcustomerswillbe.

【參考譯文】用于刺激人際互動的算法正在引發(fā)許多此類擔(dān)憂，尤其是在沒

有人非常確定使用人工智能與客戶互動的結(jié)果會是什么情況下。

(49)Ifcustomersarenotwillingtosharedata.AIwillbestarvedofessential

informationandwillnotbeabletofunctioneffectivelyoremploymachinelearningto

improveitsmarketingcontentandcommunication.

【參考譯文】如果客戶不愿意分享數(shù)據(jù)，人工智能將缺乏必要的信息，無法

有效地發(fā)揮作用，也無法使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來改善其營銷內(nèi)容和傳播。

(50)Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessageinawaythatis

sensitivetotheneedsoftargetcustomersisoneofthecriticalchallengestothedigital

marketer.

【參考譯文】以一種對目標(biāo)客戶需求敏感的方式非侵入式地傳遞營銷信息是

數(shù)字營銷人員面臨的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)之一。

五、小作文

小作文考查告示，主題是為教授關(guān)于校園體育活動的研究項(xiàng)目招募助手，給

出助手工作責(zé)任和要求，難點(diǎn)在于容易審題錯誤，要弄清楚是為研究項(xiàng)目招募學(xué)

生，不是校園體育活動。

【題目】

WritingPartA

Directions:

WriteanoticetorecruitastudentforProf.Smith7sresearchprojectoncampus

sportsactivities.Specifythedutiesandrequirementsofthejob.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use〃LiMing“instead.

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Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

【參考范文】

Notice

December24,2022

ProfessorSmithislookingforastudenttojoinhisresearchprogramregarding

campussportsactivities.Thedutiesofthepositionrequirethatthestudentcollects

dataoncampussportsactivitiestobeanalyzedbytheresearchteam.Thisincludes

observingvariousathleticevents,spe