be動詞,助動詞、情態(tài)動詞用法

Be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞

專題二：2021/5/91Be動詞~一般現(xiàn)在時中be動詞的用法

beamisare（1）am用在I后

Iamastudent.

I'mhappy.

（2）are用于復(fù)數(shù)主語和第二人稱單數(shù)（你，您）等情況

AreyouChinese?Theyarebasketballplayers.Thebooksareexpensive.2021/5/92（3）is用在主語是第三人稱單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞等情況

Heismyfriend.Thedogisyellow.Timeismoney.be動詞的縮寫形式

Iam=I'mhe/she/itis=he's/she's/it'swe/you/theyare=we're/you're/they'reisnot=isn'tarenot=aren'twhois=who'swhatis=what's2021/5/93be動詞的在一般現(xiàn)在時中的各種句型

1）肯定句：主語+be+其他成分

Sheisbeautiful.2）否定句：主語+be+not+其他成分

Sheisnotbeautiful.3）一般疑問句（用yes或no來回答）：be+主語+其他成分+？

Isshebeautiful？

4）特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語（其他成分）+？

What'syourname?Who'sthat?2021/5/94be的用法口訣：

我用am，你用are,is跟著他、她、它。

單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are，勿忘be的三變化。

變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記。

疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。一般現(xiàn)在時中be動詞的用法相對簡單，上面的口訣基本包括了be動詞的各種問題。2021/5/95Exercises用am/is/are填空1、She（）astudent.2、Hisjacket（）onthetable.3、We（）family.4、-How（）you?-I（）fine,thanks.5、JackandI（）goodfriends.6、（）sheastudent?7、（）youateacher?2021/5/96I______anEnglishteachernow.They_______gladtoseeeachother.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.There________asignonthechaironMonday.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.Thesky

blue.I

aboy.

There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.amareareareamwasisisisisiswaswere2021/5/9716.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.19.Sometea______intheglass.20.Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.21.Mysister'sname______Nancy.22.This______notWangFang'spencil.23.______DavidandHelenfromEngland?24.There______agirlintheroom.25.There______someapplesonthetree.26._______thereanykitesintheclassroom?27._______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?28.There_______somebreadontheplate.29.There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.30.You,heandI______fromChina.

areisareisisisisAreisareAreIsisareare2021/5/98句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)3.Tomisunderthetree.（變?yōu)榉穸ň洌〢retheydoinghousework?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.Theyaren’tdoinghousework.Arethestudentscleaningtheclassroom?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.Tomisnotunderthetree.2021/5/994.Theskateboardsareblack.(改成否定句)5.Itsbranchesarelong.(意思不變，改否定句)

6.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答).

Theskateboardsarenotblack.Itsbranchesarenotshort.Isshealwaysagoodstudent?No,sheisn’t.2021/5/910助動詞do/does

什么是助動詞？

顧名思義，助動詞就是幫助動詞的，而本身沒有實(shí)際意義的動詞，是具有雷鋒精神的詞匯。

助動詞do的三種變化形式

do第三人稱單數(shù)時使用的does過去式did2021/5/911do的基本用法：

1構(gòu)成否定句2構(gòu)成一般疑問句及回答3構(gòu)成特殊疑問句do的各種形式

肯定式：do否定式：don't/donotdo用在第一人稱單復(fù)數(shù)、第二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)作主語，且時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時的句子，如：

Ilikethatdress.否定句：Idon'tlikethatdress.一般疑問句及回答：-Doyoulikethatdress?-Yes,Ido/No,Idon't.

2021/5/912

特殊疑問句：Whichdressdoyoulike?does

肯定式：does否定式：doesn'tdoes用在第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，且時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時的句子當(dāng)does出現(xiàn)時，句子中用動詞原形。如：

Shelikesthatdress.否定句：Shedoesn'tlikethatdress.一般疑問句及回答：-Doesshelikethatdress?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.

特殊疑問句：Whichdressdoesshelike?

2021/5/913

Exercises

按要求改寫句子：1.I

think

he

is

very

old.(否定句)

I

______

think

he

______

very

old.2.This

sign

means

“No

smoking”.

（改為特殊疑問句）

What

______

this

sign

_________?3.My

plant

has

two

green

leaves.

(就劃線部分提問)

__________________________________________plant

_______?4.Ilovemyparents.（改為一般疑問句）

___________________________________?don’tisdoesmeanHowmanygreenleavesdoesyourhaveDoyouloveyourparents2021/5/914用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1

、They

_____(read)

English

in

the

morning.

2

、She

_____(like)

her

coat

very

much.

3

、He

usually

_____

(watch)

TV

at

7:00

in

the

evening.

4

、The

girl

_____

(fly)

a

kite

every

spring.

5

、He

_____

(get)

up

at

7

o’clock

in

the

morning.

6

、The

man

and

the

woman

always

_____

(listen)

to

the

radio.

7

、Lucy

_____

(not

sing)

very

well.

8

、I

_____

(not

go)

to

school

by

bus

every

day.

9

、Daming

_____

(run)

a

race

on

Mondays.

10、We

_____

(do)

high

jump

with

our

friends

at

school.2021/5/91511、The

little

girls

_____(read)

English

in

the

evening.

12、They

_____(like)

her

coat

very

much.

13、She

usually

_____

(watch)

TV

with

her

sister

in

the

evening.

14、The

girls

and

the

boys

_____

(fly)

a

kite

every

spring.

15、We

_____

(get)

up

at

7

o’clock

in

the

morning.

16、My

brother

always

_____

(listen)

to

music

in

his

room.

17、Lucy

and

Lily

_____

(not

speak)

Chinese.

18、I

_____

(not

go)

to

school

by

bus

every

day.

19、Daming

_____

(eat)

a

hamburger

on

Mondays.

20、We

_____

(play)

games

with

our

friends

at

school.2021/5/916注意：一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)句的否定句和一般疑問句，當(dāng)句子中有動詞時，我們就用助動詞do或是does.如果沒有動詞時，我們就選用is或是are，也就是“Be”除了原形的“be”之外，還有另外七種形式：am,

is,

are,

been,

being,

was,

were.

助動詞后接動詞原形。We___________(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick___________(notgo)totheschoolonSundays._____yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?don’twatchdoesn’tgoDoread2021/5/917情態(tài)動詞

·情態(tài)動詞有一定的意義

·無人稱和數(shù)的變化

·除了ought和have通常不帶to，后加動詞原形

·表示說話人的語氣或情緒（請求、警告、命令等）特點(diǎn)：2021/5/918情態(tài)動詞will/wouldcan/couldhave/hadtomay/mightoughttoshall/shouldmust2021/5/9191.can/could

1)表示能力

IcanspeakEnglishandFrench.Hecandoithimself.2)表示事物一時的特征，理論上的可能性

It'salwayswarmhere,however,sometimesitcanbeverycold.Evenanexperiencedteachercanmakemistakes.3)表示允諾，許可

-CanIeatsomecakes,mom?-Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.Youcanhavemyseat.Iamgoingnow.

2021/5/9204)表示推測

-Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?CanitbeTony?-No,itcan'tbehim.HeisinBeijingnow.No,hecouldn'tbeathief.

Could是can的過去式，用法與can類似，常用于過去時中；could

用在現(xiàn)在時中表示表示委婉、客氣，相當(dāng)于can。

-Couldyouhelpme?/Couldyoudomeafavor?-Sure./Certainly.

2021/5/9212.may和might

1)表示請求或許可

-May/MightIcomein?-Yes,youmay.2)表示可能性的推測

Shehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.It'stoolate.Ithinkhemay/mighthavegonetobed.3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿

Mayyousucceed!Mayyoureturninsafe!關(guān)于may的一般問句的回答：肯定回答為“Yes,please./Certainly./Sure.”

否定回答為“Pleasedon't./No,youcan't/musn't.”2021/5/922might是may的過去式，用法與may類似，常用于過去時中；用在疑問句中，還可表示委婉客氣。2021/5/923

3.must1)必須

MustIsaysorry?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't./No,youdon'thaveto.Youmustseeadoctor.2)猜測，“肯定，準(zhǔn)是”Shemustbedoingherhomeworknow.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithmycomputer.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.

2021/5/924

3)偏要，硬要

Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.4)否定，表示“禁止”Youmustn'tplaywithfire.Youmayhurtyourself.must一般疑問句的否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto,而不用mustn't.因?yàn)閙ustn't表示“不可能，禁止”，語氣比較強(qiáng)硬2021/5/925提到must,就不得不講到它和haveto的對比。

1)二者都有“必須”的意思，haveto表示客觀上的需要，有被迫的意為，表示“不得不...”；must表示說話人主觀上的看法，即主觀上的必要。

ex:Mybrotherisill,soIhavetocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.Imustworkhardformyfuture.2)haveto有人稱、時態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)上的變化，而must只有一種形式。

haveto→hadto

Ihaveto/shehastoex:Hehadtolookafterhissister,becausehisparentswerenotathomeyesterday.3)在否定形式中，“don'thaveto”表示“不必”,“musn't”表示“禁止”ex:Youdon'thavetotellhimthisnews.你不必告訴他這個消息。Youmusn'ttellhimthisnews.你一定不要告訴他這個消息。2021/5/9264.shall的用法

1)shall常用于第一人稱，表示簡單的將來，構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)。(助詞)

ex:Ishallthinkitoverandletyouknowmyidea.Whenshallwemeetagain?Weshallhaveagoodtimeinthepark.2)shall用于第一人稱，還可以表示征求對方的意愿。

ex:Whatshallwedothisevening?Shallwegotothemovies?3)shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?/p>

ex:Shallwebeginourlesson?（征求意見）Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?（請示）4)shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。2021/5/927ex:Youshallfailifyoudon'tworkharder.(警告)HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允諾)Youshallgetabikeasyourbirthday.(允諾)Heshallbepunished.(威脅)shall實(shí)際上是一個情態(tài)助詞，表示“將要、要不要、應(yīng)該”等意義，語氣比較委婉，用于疑問句時意思為“干......好嗎？”“要不要......”2021/5/9285.should的用法

1）表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任

Youshouldworkhardandtakecareofyourfamily.Visitorsshoudobeytherulesofthezoo.2）表示勸告或推薦

Heshouldstopsmoking.Youshouldn'tleavethebabyaloneinthehouse.Theyshouldhavecalledthepolice.3）表示假設(shè)的結(jié)果(可簡略)

Weshouldmovetoalargehouseifwehadmoney.

2021/5/9296oughtto的用法1、oughtto比should語氣強(qiáng)烈，一般用于肯定句和否定句。1)（表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)等）應(yīng)當(dāng)、應(yīng)該

Yououghttoworkharderthanthat.2)（表示勸告、建議等）應(yīng)該，該

Youdon'tlookwell.Yououghttogotoseethedoctor.3)（表示猜測、期望等）總應(yīng)該，理應(yīng)

Itoughttobeafinedaytomorrowmorning.2021/5/9307、will的用法

作情態(tài)動詞：1）（表示意愿、意志）愿、要

ex:Youwillcome,won'tyou?你會來的，是不是？

Iwilldomybesttohelpyou.

2）（表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、不可避免性）經(jīng)常，慣于，總是

ex：Thesethingswillhappen.Peoplewilltalk.人總會說閑話。

Waterwillboilat100℃.3）表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐枌Ψ降囊庖?，意思為“?....好嗎、你愿......嗎”2021/5/931ex：Willyoujoinus?你愿意加入我們嗎？

Won'tyousitdown?你不坐下嗎？

4）表示說話人的猜測，意為“大概”ex:Thatwillbethebookyouwant.那大概是你要的書。

Askhim,hewillknow.問他吧，他應(yīng)該知道。

5）表命令或指示

ex：Noonewillleavetheexaminationroombefore12o'clock.

任何人不得在12點(diǎn)之前離開考場。

6）表示許諾、指示、叮囑等

ex:Youwillhaveyourshare.你會得到你的那一份。

7）表執(zhí)意

ex:Hewilldothesethings!他總是愛干這樣的事！2021/5/932would的用法would與will的用法類似，是will的過去式，但在表示征求意見或提出請求時，will和would都可用，would此時不表示過去，而是表示委婉的語氣（此時主要用于第二人稱的疑問句中）

ex:

Won'tyoutakeoffyourcoat?你要不要把大衣脫掉？

Will/Wouldyoupleaseposttheletterforme?請幫我寄了這封信好嗎？2021/5/933一、圈出正確答案。

1）Lucy

should

her

homework

now.

A.

finishes

B.

finishing

C.

finished

D.

finish

2）My

mother

would

back

soon.

A.

came

B.

comes

C.

come

D.

will

come

3）Could

you

me

a

hand.

A.

giving

B.

gives

C.

given

D.

give

4）Should

I

now.

A.

started

B.

starting

C.

start

D.

starts

5）

I

take

this

one?

A.

Could

B.

Wi