2022年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試考前沖刺卷二27測(cè)

2022年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試考前沖刺卷二

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一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)最符合題意）

1.Question10isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,

youwiIIbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.NowIistentothe

news.

A.abettertreatmentoftheUSdetaineesatGuantanamoBay.

B.anindependentjudicialbodytobringthedetaineestotrial.

C.theimmediateclosureofthedetentioncampatGuantanamoBay.

D.theimplementationofinternationalhumanrightslawatGuantanamoBay.

2.WhichofthefollowingwritersisthegreatestEnglishcriticalrealist

noveIistwhoshowedthemiseryofthecommonpeople

[A]JaneAusten.

[B]CharlesDickens.

[C]EmilyBronte.

[D]OscarWilde.

3.Theterm"PhaticCommunion"originatesfromstudyofthe

functionsofIanguageusedonTrobriandIsIandswhichreferstothesociaI

interactionofIanguage.

[A]Malinowski

[B]DavidCrystal

[C]Nida

[D]Schiffman

4.Feld,theshoemaker,wasannoyedthathishelper,SobeIvwasso

insensitivetohisreveriethathewouldnJtforaminuteceasehisfanatic

poundingattheotherbench.Hegavehimalook,butSobe15sbaldhead

wasbentoverthelastasheworked,andhedidn,tnotice.Theshoemaker

shruggedandcontinuedtopeerthroughthepartlyfrostedwindowat,the

near-sightedhazeoffallingFebruarysnow.Neithertheshiftingwhite

bluroutside,northesuddendeepremembranceofthesnowyPolishviIIage

wherehehadwastedhisyouthcouIdturnhisthoughtsfromMax,thecoIIege

boy(aconstantvisitorinthemindsinceearlythatmorningwhenFeld

sawhimtrudgingthroughthesnowdriftsonhiswaytoschooI),whomhe

somuchrespectedbecauseofthesacrificeshehadmadethroughoutthe

yearsinwinterordirestheat—■tofurtherhiseducation.Anoldwish

returnedtohaunttheshoemaker:thathehadhadasoninsteadofa

daughter,butthisblewawayinthesnowforFeld,ifanything,wasa

practicalman.YethecouldnothelpbutcontrastthediIigenceofthe

boy,whowasapeddler*sson,withMiriam,sunconcernforaneducation.

True,shewasalwayswithabookinherhand,yetwhentheopportunity

aroseforacoIIegeeducation,shehadsaidno,shewouldratherfind

ajob.Hehadbeggedhertogo,pointingouthowmanyfatherscouldnot

affordtosendtheirchiIdrentoco11ege,butshesaidshewantedtobe

independent.Asforeducation,whatwasit,sheasked,butbooks,which

SobeIfwhodiIigentIyreadtheclassics,wouldasusualadviseheron.

Heranswergreatlygrievedherfather.Afigureemergedfromthesnow,

andthedooropened.Atthecounterthemanwithdrewfromawetpaper

bagapairofbatteredshoesforrepair.Whohewastheshoemakerfor

amomenthadnoidea,thenhishearttrembledasherealized,beforehe

hadthoroughlydiscernedtheface,thatMaxhimselfwasstandingthere,

embarrassedIyexplainingwhathewanteddonetohisoldshoes.Though

FeldIistenedeagerly,hecouldn,thearaword,fortheopportunitythat

hadburstuponhimwasdeafening.Hecouldn,texactIyrecalIwhenthe

thoughthadoccurredtohim,becauseitwasclearhehadmorethanonce

consideredsuggestingtotheboythathegooutwithMiriam.Buthehad

notdaredspeak,forifMaxsaidno,howwouIdhefacehimagainOrsuppose

Miriam,whoharpedsooftenonindependence,blewupinangerandshouted

athimforhismeddIingStill,thechancewastoogoodtoletby:alI

itmeantwasanintroduction.Theymightlongagohavebecomefriends

hadtheyhappenedtomeetsomewhere,thereforewasitnothisduty-

anobIigation-tobringthemtogether,nothingmore,aharmless

connivancetoreplaceanaccidentaIencounterinthesubway,let'ssay,

oramutuaIfriend1sintroductioninthestreetJustlethimoncesee

andtalktoher,andhewouldforsurebeinterested.AsforMiriam,what

possibleharmforaworkinggirlinanoffice,whometonlyIoudmouthed

saIesmenandiIIiterateshippingclerks,tomaketheacquaintanceofa

finescholarlyboyMaybehewouIdawakeninheradesiretogotocoIIege;

ifnot-theshoemaker5smindatlastcametogripswiththetruth-

lethermarryaneducatedmanandIiveabetterIife.

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatFeld'sdaughterwasalIEXCEPT

A.forceful.

B.absent-minded.

C.realistic.

D.determined.

5.Americaneconomistsoncespoofeduniversityeducationastheonly

industryinwhichthosewhoconsumeitsproductdonotpurchaseit;those

whoproduceitdonotseiIit,andthosewhofinanceitdonotcontrol

it.Thataptdescription,madeinthe1970s,hasbeenunderminedsince

thenbytheemergenceofthefirstfor-profituniversitiesintheUnited

States.Controlledbyentrepreneurs,theseschoolswhichnumberabout

700andcountingseiIapracticaleducationtocareer-mindedstudents

andmakeagoodbuckdoingit.Theyarenowexpandingabroad,creating

thefirstmultinationalcorporationsinasectorlongsuspiciousof

balancesheets.Thecompaniesareluredbyaboomingmarketinwhich

capitalistcompetitionisstiIIscarce.Thenumberofuniversitystudents

isexpectedtodoubIeinthenext25yearsto170millionworldwide.Demand

greatlyexceedssupply,becausethe1990ssawmassiveglobalinvestment

inprimaryandsecondaryschools,butnotinuniversities.Thenumber

ofchiIdrenenrolledinprimaryorsecondaryschooIsroseby18percent

aroundtheworId-morethantwicetherateofincreaseinanyprevious

decade.NowthesekidsareoftengraduatingfromhighschooItofindno

openingsinnationaIuniversities,whichneverthelessdon'tweIcome

for-profitcompetition.TheBraziIianuniversityteachers,unionwarned

thatforeigncorporationswouldturnhighereducationinto"adipIoma

industry',.CriticsraisedthespecterofdecIiningquaIityandaloss

ofBraziI's"sovereigncontrolMovereducation.For-profit

universitiesmetwithsimilarsuspicionwhentheyfirstopenedinthe

UnitedStates.Bythe1980stheywereregularlyaccusedofoffering

substandardeducationandhadtofightforacceptanceandrespect.Lately,

theyhaveflourishedbycateringtoolderstudentswhoarenJtIooking

forkegparties,justashortcuttoabettercareer.For-profitcoIIeges

nowattract8percentoffour-yearstudentsintheUnitedStates,upfrom

3percentadecadeago.Bycuttingoutfrills,includingsportsteams,

studentcentersandsummervacation,theseschoolscanoperatewith

profitmarginsof20to30percent.Insomecountries,theAmerican

companiesoperateastheydoathome.Apo11ofoundaneasyfitinBraziI,

wherefewuniversitieshavedorms,studentsoftentakeofftimebetween

highschooIandcoIIege,andthere5snosummervacation-justtwobreaks

inJulyandDecember.InotherLatincountries,SyIvanhastakena

differentapproach,buyingtraditionalresidentialcoIIegesIikethe

UniversidaddelVa11edeMexico(UVM).IthasboostedenroIImentbyadding

andheavilyadvertisingcoursesincareer-trackfieldsIikebusinessand

engineering,andaddingno-frillssateIIitecampuses.Sensitivetothe

potentiaIhostiIityagainstforeignbuyers,SyIvankeepsoriginalschool

names,addingitsownbrand,SylvanInternationalUniversities,to

pubIicitymaterials,andkeepstuitioninIinewithlocalprivateschools.

MostoftheschoolsthatSylvanhaspurchasedweremanagedbyfor-profits

tobeginwith,includingtheprestigiousLesRochesHotelManagement

SchoolinSwitzerland.Butingeneral,SaysUrdan,Sylvan1stargetsnhave

notbeenrunwithworId-classbusinesspractices.They,renotdistressed,

butthere,sanopportunityforthemtobebettermanaged.MWhenSylvan

paid$50millionforacontrolIingstakeinUVMtwoyearsago,theschooI

hadrevenuesofabout$80millionandanenrolImentof32,000.Thesuccess

ofthefor-profitsisnothingtobeafraidof,saysWorIdBankeducation

expertJamiISalmi:"Idon1tthinktheywiIIreplacetraditional

universities,buttheycanpushsomemoretraditionalproviderstobe

moreinnovativeandmoreattentivetotheneedsofthelabormarket.H

SomestudentsatSyIvanschooIsinLatinAmericaweIcometheforeign

invasion.AttheUniversidaddelasAmericasinSantiago,Daniela

ViIlagransaysfriendsteaseherforstudyingat"YankeeIand,11butshe

figuresSyIvanconnections"willgivemeanedgewhenIgoouttolook

forajob.nTheemphasisonindependentthoughtiswhatseparatesUVM

fromotherinstitutionsinMexico.And,forbetterorworse,moreAmerican

schooIsareontheway.

Thereisaboomingmarketforfor-profituniversitiesbecause

A.therewaslessglobalinvestmentinnationaluniversitiesinthepast.

B.therearefeweruniversitiesthanprimaryorsecondaryschools.

C.for-profituniversitiescanofferbettereducationtotheirstudents.

D.thecompetitionfortopnationaluniversitiesisgettingfiercerand

fiercer.

6.In17th-centuryNewEngland,almosteveryonebeIievedinwitches.

StruggIingtosurviveinavastandsometimesunforgivingland,America'

searIiestEuropeansettlersunderstoodthemselvestobesurroundedby

aninscrutableuniversefiIledwithinvisiblespirits,bothbenevolent

andevil,thataffectedtheirIives.Theyoftenattributedasudden

illness,ahouseholddisasterorafinancialsetbacktoawitch1scurse.

Thebeliefinwitchcraftwas,atbottom,anattempttomakesenseofthe

unknown.Whilewitchcraftwasoftenfeared,itwaspunishedonly

infrequently.Inthefirst70yearsoftheNewEnglandsettIement,about

100peopIewereformaIIychargedwithbeingwitches;fewerthantwodozen

wereconvictedandfewerstillwereexecuted.Thencame1692.InJanuary

ofthatyear,twoyounggirlsIivinginthehouseholdoftheReverend

SamueIParrisofSalemViIIagebeganexperiencingstrangefits.The

doctoridentifiedwitchcraftasthecause.Afterweeksofquestioning,

thegirlsnamedTituba,Parris'sfemaIeIndianslave,andtwolocalwomen

asthewitcheswhoweretormentingthem.Judgingbypreviousincidents,

onewouldhaveexpectedtheepisodetoendthere.Butitdidn't.Other

youngSalemwomenbegantosufferfitsaswelI.Beforethecrisisended,

19peopIeformallyaccusedothersofaffIictingthem,54residentsof

EssexCountyconfessedtobeingwitchesandnearly150peopIewerecharged

withconsortingwiththedeviI.WhatledtothisTraditionally,

historianshavearguedthatthewitchcraftcrisisresultedfrom

factionaIisminSalemViIIage,deIiberatefaking,orpossiblythe

ingestionofhaIIucinogensbytheaffIicted.IbeIieveanotherforcewas

atwork.TheeventsinSalemwereprecipitatedbyaconfIictwiththe

Indiansonthenortheasternfrontier,themostsignificantsurgeof

violenceintheregioninnearly40years.IntwoIittIe-knownwars,

foughtlargelyinMainefrom1675to1678andfrom1688to1699,English

settlerssuffereddevastatinglossesatthehandsofWabanakiIndians

andtheirFrenchallies.ThekeyaffIictedaccusersintheSalemcrisis

werefrontierrefugeeswhosefamiIieshadbeenwipedoutinthewars.

ThesetormentedyoungwomensaidtheysawthedeviIintheshapeofan

Indian.Intestimony,theyaccusedthewitches—reputedringleader—

theReverendGeorgeBurroughs,formerlypastorofSalemVi11age-of

bewitchingthesoldiersdispatchedtofighttheWabanakis.WhiIeTituba,

oneofthefirstpeopIeaccusedofwitchcraft,hastraditionallybeen

portrayedasablackormuIattowomanfromBarbados,alItheevidence

pointstoherbeinganAmericanIndian.TothePuritansettlers,who

beIievedthemselvestobeGod,schosenpeople,witchcraftexpIainedwhy

theywerelosingthewarsobadly.TheirIndianenemieshadthedeviI

ontheirside.Inlatesummer,someprominentNewEnglandersbeganto

criticizethewitchprosecutions.Inresponsetothedissent,Governor

SirWiIIiamPhipsofMassachusettsdissoIvedinOctoberthespeciaIcourt

hehadestabIishedtohandlethetrials.Butbeforehestoppedthelegal

process,14womenand5menhadbeenhanged.Anothermanwascrushedto

deathbystonesforrefusingtoenteraplea.ThewarwiththeIndians

continuedforsixmoreyears,thoughsporadically.Slowly,northernNew

Englandersbegantofeelmoresecure.Andtheysoonregrettedtheevents

of1692.Withinfiveyears,onejudgeand12jurorsformallyapoIogized

asthecoIonydeclaredadayoffastingandprayertoatoneforthe

injusticesthathadbeencommitted.In1711,thestatecompensatedthe

famiIiesofthevictims.Andlastyear,morethanthreecenturiesafter

thesettlersreactedtoanexternalthreatbylashingoutirrationally,

theconvictedwereclearedbynameinaMassachusettsstatute.It'sa

storyworthremembering—andnotjustonHalloween.

Theauthoraddsthatthewitchcraftcrisisof1692alsoarosefrom

A.theclashbetweenEuropeansettlersandtheIndians.

B.disagreementsamongEuropeansettlersinSalem.

C.thedelusionofthesickinSalem.

D.thepretensionofthesickinSalem.

7.CosmoIogyissometimespooh-poohedasmorephilosophythanscience.

Itasksdeepquestionsaboutnaturebutprovidesunsatisfyinglyvague

answers.Thecosmosmaybe12billionyearsold,butitcouldbeasmuch

as15billion.Thestarsbegantoshine100millionyearsaftertheBig

Bang,ormaybeit'sabillion."Ourideas,“acknowledgesMaxTegmark

oftheUniversityofPennsylvania,"havebeenkindofwobbly.nButmuch

ofthewobbIehasbeenfixed,thankstoasateIIiteknownastheWiIkinson

MicrowaveAnisotropyProbe,orWMAP.SinceJuly2001,WMAPhasbeen

orbitingindeepspace,morethanamillionkilometersfromEarth,

studyingthemostancientIightinexistence.Andinadramaticreminder

thatimportantspacescienceisaImostalwaysdonebymachines,not

fragiIehumans,itreportedaseriesofprecisionmeasurementsthatwill

finallyputcosmoIogyonafirmfoundation.WhatthesateIIitefound,

saysPrincetonUniversity'sDavidSpergeltatheoristontheWMAPteam,

HisthattheuniversecanbeexpIainedwithfivenumbers.nFirst,the

cosmosis13.7billionyearsoldrgiveortakeanegIigibIecoupleof

hundredmillionyears.Second,thefirststarsturnedonjust200million

yearsaftertheBigBang.Finally,theuniverseismadeofthreethings

inthefollowingproportions:4%ordinaryatoms;23%"darkmatter,11whose

natureisstillunknown;and73%"darkenergy,"theequallymysterious

forcewhoseantigravityeffectisspeedingupthecosmicexpansion.

“This,“saysastrophysicistJohnBahca11roftheInstituteforAdvanced

StudyinPrinceton,NewJersey,nisariteofpassageforcosmoIogy,from

specuIationtoprecisionscience."WMAPlearnedthisandmoreby

scrutinizingthefaintwhisperofmicrowavesIeftoverfromtheBigBang.

Hiddeninthatradiationarepatternsofwarmerandcoolerspots,marking

placeswherematterwasaIittIemoreorlessdensethanaverage-spots

thatwouldeventuallyevoIveintotheclustersofgalaxiesandempty

spacesthatweseetoday.Thesepatternswerefirstdetectedincrude

formbytheCosmicBackgroundExplorersateIIitein1992,butwithout

enoughdetaiIformuchtobesaidaboutthem.Butwitharesolutionsome

40timesassharpasCOBE's,WMAPhasplentytosay."It'salotIike

matchingfingerprints,11saysSpergeI."WerancomputersimuIationsbased

onmanydifferentvaluesforalIofthenumbers,generatedpatternsfor

eachandfoundtheonethatbestmatchedwhatweactuallysaw.nWMAP

alsoconfirmedwhatearIierexperimentshadsuggestedaboutabasic

characteristicoftheuniverse:thegeometryofspace-time,inthe

Einsteiniansense,isflat.That'sconsistentwithatheorycalled

infIation,whichpositsthatthecosmosunderwentaperiodof

turbochargedexpansionbeforeitwasasecondold.MIhavetoadmit,M

saysBahcaIIf"thatIwasskepticaIofthepicturetheoristshadput

together.Inflation,darkmatter,darkenergy-it'salIpretty

implausible.Butthisimplausible,crazyuniversehasnowbeenconfirmed

withexquisitedetaiI."That'snottosaythatWMAPhasansweredevery

question.Nobodyknowswhatdarkmatteranddarkenergyare,andthe

theoryofinfIation,whilestrengthened,isfarfromproved.Beyondthat,

therearesomestrangemeasurementsinWMAP5sdatathatmightbemere

statisticaIflukes——ormightpointtosomemajormonkeywrenchthatcould

stillthrowcosmoIogyintoturmoiI."Weshouldknowbetterafterweget

inmoredata,nsaysCharlesBennettoftheGoddardSpaceFlightVenter,

whoistheVteamleader.Butcosmologistswon5tbesittingaround

waiting."You'regoingtoseeathousandpapersbasedontheseresults,H

saysTegmark,whoisalreadyworkingonseveral."It'sanexcitingtime

tobeinthisfield.\

Accordingtothepassage,theauthorthinksWMAP5sfindingsare

A.epochmaking.

B.incredible.

C.clear-cut.

D.mediocre.

8.ForwhatreasondidthePuritansamongthefirstimmigrantscometo

AmericafromEngland

[A]TheycametoAmericatoseekwealth.

[B]Theyjustwantedtoescapereligiouspersecution.

[C]Theyplannedtobuildanewnationinanewplace.

[D]Theyexploredthenewlandforstimulation.

9.Question9isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenews

item,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.NowIisten

tothenews.

A.Australia.

B.Maharashtra.

C.France.

D.Austria.

10.wasaIiterarytrendprevaiIinginEnglandwhichexpressedthe

ideoIogyandsentimentofthoseclasseswhowerediscontentwiththe

deveIopmentofcapitaiism.

[A]Naturalism

[B]Romanticism

LC]Criticism

[D]Sentimentalism

11.In17th-centuryNewEngland,aImosteveryonebeIievedinwitches.

StruggIingtosurviveinavastandsometimesunforgivingland,America'

searIiestEuropeansettlersunderstoodthemselvestobesurroundedby

aninscrutableuniversefiIledwithinvisiblespirits,bothbenevolent

andevil,thataffectedtheirIives.Theyoftenattributedasudden

iIIness,ahouseholddisasterorafinancialsetbacktoawitch1scurse.

Thebeliefinwitchcraftwas,atbottom,anattempttomakesenseofthe

unknown.Whilewitchcraftwasoftenfeared,itwaspunishedonly

infrequently.Inthefirst70yearsoftheNewEnglandsettIement,about

100peopIewereformaIIychargedwithbeingwitches;fewerthantwodozen

wereconvictedandfewerstillwereexecuted.Thencame1692.InJanuary

ofthatyear,twoyounggirlsIivinginthehousehoIdoftheReverend

SamueIParrisofSalemViIIagebeganexperiencingstrangefits.The

doctoridentifiedwitchcraftasthecause.Afterweeksofquestioning,

thegirlsnamedTituba,Parris'sfemaIeIndiansIave,andtwoIocaIwomen

asthewitcheswhoweretormentingthem.Judgingbypreviousincidents,

onewouldhaveexpectedtheepisodetoendthere.Butitdidn't.Other

youngSalemwomenbegantosufferfitsaswelI.Beforethecrisisended,

19peopIeformallyaccusedothersofaffIictingthem,54residentsof

EssexCountyconfessedtobeingwitchesandnearly150peopIewerecharged

withconsortingwiththedeviI.WhatledtothisTraditionally,

historianshavearguedthatthewitchcraftcrisisresultedfrom

factionaIisminSalemViIIage,deIiberatefaking,orpossiblythe

ingestionofha11ucinogensbytheaffIicted.IbeIieveanotherforcewas

atwork.TheeventsinSalemwereprecipitatedbyaconfIictwiththe

Indiansonthenortheasternfrontier,themostsignificantsurgeof

violenceintheregioninnearly40years.IntwoIittIe-knownwars,

foughtlargelyinMainefrom1675to1678andfrom1688to1699,English

settlerssuffereddevastatinglossesatthehandsofWabanakiIndians

andtheirFrenchallies.ThekeyaffIictedaccusersintheSalemcrisis

werefrontierrefugeeswhosefamiIieshadbeenwipedoutinthewars.

ThesetormentedyoungwomensaidtheysawthedeviIintheshapeofan

Indian.Intestimony,theyaccusedthewitches-reputedringleader-

theReverendGeorgeBurroughs,formerlypastorofSalemViIIage-of

bewitchingthesoldiersdispatchedtofighttheWabanakis.WhiIeTituba,

oneofthefirstpeopIeaccusedofwitchcraft,hastraditionallybeen

portrayedasablackormuIattowomanfromBarbados,alItheevidence

pointstoherbeinganAmericanIndian.TothePuritansettlers,who

beIievedthemseIvestobeGod,schosenpeopIe,witchcraftexpIainedwhy

theywerelosingthewarsobadly.TheirIndianenemieshadthedeviI

ontheirside.Inlatesummer,someprominentNewEnglandersbeganto

criticizethewitchprosecutions.Inresponsetothedissent,Governor

SirWiIIiamPhipsofMassachusettsdissoIvedinOctoberthespeciaIcourt

hehadestabIishedtohandlethetrials.Butbeforehestoppedthelegal

process,14womenand5menhadbeenhanged.Anothermanwascrushedto

deathbystonesforrefusingtoenteraplea.ThewarwiththeIndians

continuedforsixmoreyears,thoughsporadically.Slowly,northernNew

Englandersbegantofeelmoresecure.Andtheysoonregrettedtheevents

of1692.Withinfiveyears,onejudgeand12jurorsformallyapologized

asthecoIonydeclaredadayoffastingandprayertoatoneforthe

injusticesthathadbeencommitted.In1711,thestatecompensatedthe

famiIiesofthevictims.Andlastyear,morethanthreecenturiesafter

thesettlersreactedtoanexternalthreatbylashingoutirrationally,

theconvictedwereclearedbynameinaMassachusettsstatute.It5sa

storyworthremembering-andnotjustonHa11oween.

M...onewouldhaveexpectedtheepisodetoendthere11inthefourth

paragraphmeansthat

A.thingsmightnotgofrombadtoworse.

B.thedoctortriedtocurefits.

C.morepeoplesufferedfromfits.

D.thesituationwasfurtheraggravated.

12.Feld,theshoemaker,wasannoyedthathishelper,SobeIywasso

insensitivetohisreveriethathewouIdn'tforaminuteceasehisfanatic

poundingattheotherbench.Hegavehimalook,butSobe15sbaldhead

wasbentoverthelastasheworked,andhedidn'tnotice.Theshoemaker

shruggedandcontinuedtopeerthroughthepartlyfrostedwindowat,the

near-sightedhazeoffallingFebruarysnow.Neithertheshiftingwhite

bluroutside,northesuddendeepremembranceofthesnowyPolishvi11age

wherehehadwastedhisyouthcouIdturnhisthoughtsfromMax,thecoIIege

boy(aconstantvisitorinthemindsinceearlythatmorningwhenFeld

sawhimtrudgingthroughthesnowdriftsonhiswaytoschooI),whomhe

somuchrespectedbecauseofthesacrificeshehadmadethroughoutthe

yearsinwinterordirestheat-tofurtherhiseducation.Anoldwish

returnedtohaunttheshoemaker:thathehadhad