醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文寫作句型如何表達(dá)有

.一、-- _ 一.. ..一醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語備考資料醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語作文寫作句型：如何表達(dá)“有”基本句型第一句主題句寫完后，第二句往往可以對第一句的概括性內(nèi)容進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說明或陳述。陳述的意念很多，句型也很多，現(xiàn)在讓我們從最基本的開始。I.Thereis/are[Therewas;Therewere;Therewillbe;Therehasbeen;Therehavebeen]+sth.單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)）in[at;on]+sth.俵示地方、范圍、方面存在或出現(xiàn)某事物，這是一個(gè)用途廣泛的句型，也是考生容易犯錯(cuò)誤的句型）例句：我國每年有100萬腫瘤病人未能放療。Inourcountrythereareonemillionpatientswithtumorwhofailtogetradiotherapyeveryyear.Onemillionpatientswithcancerfailtogetradiotherapyeveryyearinourcountry.（此句表達(dá)很好。）*Thereareonemillionpatientswithtumornotgetradiotherapyeveryyearinourcountry.（止匕句表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤）Onemillionpatientswithcancerdonotgettreatmenteveryyearinourcountry..藥品器具市場有不少問題。醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語備考資料Therearemanyproblemsinthemarketsofmedicationsandmedicaldevices.Manyproblemsexistinthemarketsofmedicationsandmedicaldevices.*Themarketsofmedicationsandmedicaldeviceshavemanyproblems.(notgood)Themarketsofmedicationsandmedicaldevicesfacemanyproblems..在健康教育方面，中國與發(fā)達(dá)國家還有一定的距離。ThereisacertaingapbetweenChinaanddevelopedcountiesinhealtheducation.ThereexistsacertaingapbetweenChinaanddevelopedcountriesinhealtheducation.*Inhealtheducation,Chinaanddevelopedcountrieshavesomedistance.(此句錯(cuò)誤)HealtheducationinChinaisnotasgoodasthatindevelopedcountries..我國約有民辦醫(yī)院400多家。Therearenearly400privatehospitalsinourcountry..沒有治愈過敏癥的辦法。Therearenocuresforallergies.醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語備考資料II.主語（多半為有生命的）+have/has[had;willhave;hashad;havehad]+sth.（表示擁有、具有，用途極廣，但不少考生也容易犯錯(cuò)誤）例句：.人的耳朵有兩個(gè)功能：聽聲音和保持平衡。Thehumanearhastwomainfunctions:hearingandmaintainingbalance..艾滋病有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)。AIDShasthreebasiccharacteristics[features]..我國70%~80%的大學(xué)生有心理問題。70%~80%ofcollegesstudentsinourcountryhavementalproblems..大多數(shù)的吸煙者都有肺部疾病。Mostsmokershavelungproblems..臨床護(hù)理專家在日常工作中有四種不同的角色：護(hù)理者、顧問、教育者和研究者。Clinicalnursespecialistshavefourdifferentrolesintheirdailypractice:nursepractitioner,counselor,tutor[educator]andresearcher.III.containsth./includesth.（表示含有、包括）.其他反應(yīng)還有胃痛、惡心、腹瀉和氣短。Otherreactionsincludestomachpains,sickness,diarrheaandshortnessofbreath..他們的血液和體液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒，具有很強(qiáng)的傳染性。醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語備考資料TheirbloodandbodyliquidscontainlotsofAIDSviruseswhicharehighlyinfectious.TherearelotsofhighlyinfectiousAIDSvirusesintheirbloodandbodyliquids..所以，應(yīng)選擇富有碳水化合物的食物。Therefore,youshouldchoosefoodswhichcontainalotofcarbohydrate.Therefore,oneshouldchoosefoods(whichare)richincarbohydrate..狗會(huì)傳播多種疾病，有一些是致人死命的疾病。Dogscanspreadmanydiseases,includingsomethataredeadlytopeople.Dogscanspreadmanydiseasessomeofwhichcanmakepeopledie..一種食物中很難含有全部的維生素。Onekindoffoodcanhardlycontainallthevitamins.Itisunlikelytohaveakindoffoodthatcontainsallsortsofvitamins..差異可能有個(gè)體、宗教、年齡、種族、生活方式、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)等。Thedifferencesmayincludeindividuality,spiritualbeliefs,gender,age,race,lifestyle,socioeconomicstatus,andfamilystructure.醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語備考資料.臨床護(hù)理專家(clinicalnursespecialist)的作用有臨床實(shí)踐、咨詢服務(wù)、教學(xué)以及相關(guān)護(hù)理研究成果的應(yīng)用。Theroleofclinicalnursespecialistsshouldincludeclinicalpractice,consultation,teachingandtheapplicationofrelevantnursingresearch.實(shí)踐上，漢語的“有”字，在許多情況下，是不須用have或thereis之類的英語詞匯表達(dá)出來的，例如：.有的細(xì)菌是有害于人體健康的微生物，有的則有益。Somebacteriaareharmfulmicro-organismstoourhumanbody,butsomearehelpful.*Therearesomebacteriaareharmfulmicro-organismstoourhumanbody,therearesomearehelpful.(此句表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤)Somebacteriaarebadforhealth,butsomearegood..過去幾年，農(nóng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的形勢有了很大的變化。Thesituationofruralmedicalcaregreatlychangedinthepastyears.Thereweregreatchangesinthesituationofruralmedicalcareinthepastyears.*Thesituationofruralmedicalcarehadgreatchangesrecently.[notgood]Thesituationofruralmedicalcarewitnessedgreatchangesinthepastyears.Ruralmedicalcaregreatlychangedinthepastyears.醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語備考資料.導(dǎo)致這種情況的原因，我認(rèn)為有兩點(diǎn)。Ithinkthattworeasonsresultedinthissituation.Ithinktherearetworeasonsleadingtothissituation..好醫(yī)院應(yīng)該有什么病人治什么病人。Agoodhospitalshouldtreatwhateverpatientscometoit.Agoodhospitalshouldtreatallkindsofpatients.Agoodhospitalshouldnotrefuseanypatient..在整個(gè)青年期，人的行為都具有很大的盲目性和沖動(dòng)性。Inthewholeperiodofyouth,aperson’sactionsarefullofblindnessandimpulse.Inthewholeperiodofyouth,aperson’sactionsarecharacterizedbyblindnessandimpulse.Inthewholeperiodofyouth,aperson’sactionsareoftenoutofblindnessandsuddenexcitement.Whenpeopleareyoung,theyoftenactblindlyandimpulsively..人類與艾滋病作斗爭已經(jīng)有二十多年了。Manhasbeenfightingagainst[dealingwith]AIDSformorethantwentyyears..要讓患者在生命的末期沒有身體上的痛苦。Makesurethatpatientsdonotsuffermuchphysicalpainattheendoflife.醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語備考資料Weshouldmakepatientsfreeof[from]muchbodilypainattheendoftheirlife.Wecanfreepatientsof[from]muchbodilypainattheendtheirlife.然而，又有許多情況下，漢語沒有“有”字，但英語可以用最基本最簡單的have或thereis來表達(dá)，這一點(diǎn)很值得我們考生注意。例如：.影響健康的因素很多。Therearemanyfactorswhichcanaffecthealth.*Manyfactorscanaffecthealth..基因?qū)?huì)在不同物種之間轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的培育過程中也會(huì)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤。Therewillbemovementofgenesbetweenspecies.Therewillbesomemistakesinthedevelopmentofgenetically-modifiedcrops,too..目前使用的化學(xué)物資多達(dá)20,000種。Currentlytherearesome20,000chemicalsinuse.*Currentlysome20,000chemicalsareinuse..20%的大學(xué)生心理存在嚴(yán)重障礙。0%ofcollegestudentshaveseriousmentalproblems..近來許多社區(qū)開展了各種各樣的健康教育活動(dòng)。Recentlytherehavebeenavarietyofhealtheducationactivitiesinmanycommunities.醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語備考資料.過去的一年中，試管嬰兒的出生數(shù)量大幅飆升。Therewasasharpincreaseinthenumberofnewborntest-tubebabiesinthepastyear..他們個(gè)人衛(wèi)生方面的問題很多。Theyhavemanybadhabitsinpersonalhygiene.Theremanyproblemsintheirpersonalhygiene.Theirpersonalhygieneisnotsatisfactory..治療藥物可分為三大類：抗HIV病毒藥物，免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑和抗感染藥物。Therearethreekindsoftreatmentdrugs:theanti-HIVones,immunoregulationonesandanti-infectiveones.該物質(zhì)什么濃度對人無害，尚不清楚。Thereisnoknownlevelatwhichthissubstancesisn