學術英語課后答案-unit2

PAGE..Unit2SearchingforInformationI.TeachingObjectivesInthisunit,youwilllearnhowto:1.searchforreliableandbettersourcematerialsforyourresearch2.findyourinformationbyscanningandskimming3.identifytopicsentencesforageneralideaintheparagraph4.guesswordmeaningthroughcontextcluesandaffixes5.readfastbyfollowingtheorganizationofthetext6.beacriticalreader7.takenoteseffectively8.writeasummaryforwhatyouhaveread9.enhancelanguageskillswiththehelpofthereadingandlisteningmaterialspresentedinthisunitII.TeachingProcedures1FindingreliableandbettersourcesTask1Answersmayvary.Task2Answersmayvary.Task3Answersmayvary.2ScanningandskimmingTask11Artificialintelligence.2Thearticlemayarguefor/againsttheideathatartificialintelligencewillreplacehumanjobsinthefuture.3Thestorytellsthatcomputerizationthreatenstoreplacemanywhite-collarjobs.4Theauthorisoptimisticandmaynotagreethatmachineswillreplacehumanjobs.5Thespecterofautomationunemployingusallmayhavefinallyarrived.6Butthemassjobshrinkagethattheseobserversallexpecteddidnotcome.7YetAmericansasawholewerenotautomatedoutofwork.<Para.8,L1>Yet,throughallthat,morenewjobsappeared.<Para.11,L2>8Manwillnotlosejobsbecausetherewillalwaysbedemandsofaneweconomy.9Theneighborwouldprefertoordertheshoesfrommachine-handlingfactories.10Savingwillleadtospendingwhichinturnwillcreatenewer,perhapsbetterjobstomorrow.3IdentifyingtopicsentencesforinformationTask11Piecedtogether,thetopicsentencesformashort,coherentparagraphoressay.2a>Paragraph2b>Paragraph11Task21Gametheoryisthescienceofstrategy.〔Para.12Gamesarefundamentallydifferentfromdecisionsmadeinaneutralenvironment.〔Para.33Theessenceofagameistheinterdependenceofplayerstrategies.〔Para.44Ageneralprincipleforaplayerinasequential-movegameistolookaheadandreasonback.〔Para.55Incontrasttothelinearchainofreasoningforsequentialgames,agamewithsimultaneousmovesinvolvesalogicalcircle.〔Para.76Anotherwaytomakethreatscredibleistoemploytheadventuresomestrategyofbrinkmanship—deliberatelycreatingariskthatifotherplayersfailtoactasonewouldlikethemto,theoutcomewillbebadforeveryone.〔Para.17Task31Paragraph12Paragraph5to103Paragraph12to194GuessingwordmeaningTask12immutable<Para.4,L2>:不變的Contextclues:whorealizedthatspaceisnotanimmutablestageonwhicheventsplayout3trampoline<Para.4,L4>:蹦床,彈床Contextclues:respondingmuchasatrampolinedoestoajumpingchild4malleable<Para.4,L5>:有彈性和延伸性的Contextclues:Infact,somalleableisspacethat,accordingtothemath,thesizeoftheuniversenecessarilychangeovertime.5stayput<Para.4,L7>:不動的Contextclues:Thefabricofspacemustexpandorcontact—itcan’tstayput.6flewintheface<Para.5,L4>:敢于違抗Contextclues:Itflewinthefaceoftheprevailingwisdom.7stalemate<Para.6,L2>:僵局Contextclues:Astaticsituation,likeastalemateinatugofwar8repulsive<Para.6,L5>:排斥的Contextclues:acounterbalancingforcewouldneedtoprovidearepulsivepush9antigravity<Para.7,L2>:排斥力Contextclues:antigravity—agravitationalforcethatpushesinsteadofpulls10exodus<Para.8,L3>:大批離開Contextclues:Andthebestexplanationforthiscosmicexoduscamedirectly.11supernovae<Para.11,L2>:由于爆炸而突然變亮的星Contextclues:distantsupernovae—explodingstarssobrillianttheycanbeseenclearacrosscosmos12garner<Para.13,L5>:獲得、得到Contextclues:wouldhavegarneredhimanotherNobelPrize13perplexing<Para.14,L5>:令人不解的Contextclues:Perhapsmostperplexingofallisaquestionofquantitativedetail.Task22unprecedented<Para.1,L1>:un-precedented史無前例的3self-replicating<Para.1,L6>:self-replicating自我復制的4diameter<Para.3,L2>:dia-meter直徑5assembler<Para.10,L1>:assembl-er裝配器6contaminant<Para.13,L3>:con-taminant污染物7non-renewable<Para.13,L6>:non-renewable不可再用的8foreseeable<Para.14,L2>:foresee-able可預見到的9exotic<Para.14,L2>:exot-ic非本地,奇異的10dissipate<Para.14,L6>:dis-sipate消失Task3DerivativesAffixesorrootsMeaningMoreWords1multidisciplinemulti-manyorseveralMulticolormultistepsmultiformmultipurpose2nanotechnologynano-oneofathousandmillionnanorobotnanomachinenanoscopicnanostructure3convergencevergcon-inclinetojoindivergencevergeconcordconcourseconferate4constructstructbuildormakestructurereconstructdestructobstructsubstructure5manufactureman-,manu-factbyhandmakemanuscriptmanualmanagemanipulatefactoryfacture6interdisciplinaryinter-betweenoramongagroupofthingsorpeopleinterplayinterweaveinterdependentinteraction7insulatorinsul-protectsth.fromunpleasantknowledgeinsulateinsularinsularitypeninsula8semiconductorsemi-duct-partlybutnotcompletelyleadsemiconscioussemiofficialsemitropicalconductinduct9microprocessorsmicro-extremelysmallmicrowavemicrocomputermicroscopemicrometer10simultaneouoslysimul-incommonsimulatorsimulationsimultaneitysimulate11reversevers,vertturnobversioninversesubversionconvert12automaticalautoWorkbyoneself;relatingtooneselfautomateautonomousautomobileautobiography5UsingtheorganizationofthetextTask1organizationparagraphsIntroductionPara.1WhatThedefinitionofnanotechnologynanotechnologyPara.2nanometerPara.3nanoscalePara.4HowThewaynanotechnologyworksParas.5-11HowTheapplicationsofnanotechnologymedicalindustryPara.12environmentPara.13otherfieldsPara.14conclusionPara.15Task21Thewriterdevelopshismainideasaboutglobalwarmingmainlythroughthestructureofcause-and-effect.2Thewriterillustratestheeffectsofglobalwarmingthroughthestructureofclassification.3Theeffectsarearrangedfromthemostobvioustoleastobvious,andsignalwordsinclude:themostprominenteffectofglobalwarming;anotherareaaffectedbyglobalwarming;athirdtypeofevidenceofglobalwarming.4Fourtypes.Theyarecarbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxideandchlorofluocarbons.5Paragraph11followsthepatternofproblem-and-solution.Thesignalwordsare"acommonproblemthatarisesis","needstotakeactionnow".6ReadingcriticallyTask1Thetoneofone’swritingindicatestheirfeelingsandattitudetowardthetopicbeingdiscussed.Itrevealswhethertheyarebeingplayfulorserious,humorousorsomber,whethertheyareangryortranquil,bitterorconfident.Throughtone,theirattitudetowardwhattheyarewritingaboutandtheirrelationshiptotheirreadersbecomeclear.Controllingtoneislargelyamatterofselectingwordsandsentences,andchoosingdetailssoastoservethepurposeofwritingwell.Nowlet’sconsiderthefollowingsentenceswhichyouwritetotelltwofacts:ThesalesofvitaminEhavedoubledinthepastfiveyears.Theincreaseinsaleshasbeenhelpedbythestatementsfromhealthfoodenthusiastsanddoctors.1Combinedintoasingleone,sentence1isimpartialintonebecauseitdoesn’trevealyourattitude.Impartialandtonelesssentencesarewhatyouwanttowriteifyoueitherhavenoopinionorwanttoseemfactualandobjective,ratherthanpersonalandsubjective.2Strongintoneandclearinattitude:sentence2reflectsyourbeliefthatvitaminEsaleshavesurgedbecauseofadeceptiveandmisleadingadvertisementcampaign.Ifyoufeelthesentenceistoostrong,tooopinionated,perhapsevenbiased,youmaysuggestyourfeelingsinsteadofstatingthemdirectly.3Byusingthewords—freaksandquack,thisversioncanmakeyourreadersensenotonlyyourreservationabouttheworthofthevitaminbutalsoyourcontemptofthosewhopromoteit.Butthetoneissostrongthatyourreadermayconsideritexaggeratedandmayevenquestionitstruth.4Thisversionismoresuggestiveandlessexplicit,thoughyourattitudeisstillnegativebecause"faddists"<unlikeenthusiasts>areawordwithunfavorableassociationsandbecauseclaims"<unlikestatements>"encouragethereadertodoubttheirtruth.5Byinsertingthedetailthatonlyafewdoctorsmakeclaimsforvitamin,theversionseemsbiasedasthetoneisstronger.6Thephrase"somedoctors"impliesthatthereisanothergroupofdoctorswhohavemadenoclaimsforthevitaminandwhomayperhapsrejectsuchclaims.7Theword"even"suggestsyoursurprisethatdoctors,whoshouldknowbetter,havemadesuchfoolishclaims,thusfurtherweakensthesupportofthedoctorswithoutmakingyourstatementseemexaggeratedorbiased.8,9Tonenotonlycanbecontrolledbythechoiceofwordsanddetailsbutalsobythechoiceofstructures.Sentence8and9maketheimpliedcriticismmoreforcefulasthenegativewordsorphraseshavebeenmovedtotheirbeginningorendposition,thepositionwhichismoreemphaticforone’sopinion.10,11,12ThethreesentencesarenotcriticalbutfavorableintonetowardtheincreasedsalesofvitaminE,because"experts"seemmoretrustworthythan"enthusiasts"andboth"reports"and"testimony"carrymoreweightthanmere"statements".13,14Thetwosentenceshaveapositivetonebecausethephrase"anumberofdoctors"soundsmoreimpressivethan"afew"or"somedoctors".And"anumberofleadingdoctors"aresupposedtobemorereliable,thoughnotasreliableas"leadingmedicalauthorities".15,16,17Thethreesentencesarelessformalandmorepersonalthantheprevioussentencesasthefirst-personview"I"isadoptedtopersonalizetheirtone.18,19Thetwosentencesaremoreinformalasthecloserrelationshipbetweenyourselfandthereaderisestablishedbyaskingquestions.20,21Byaddressingthereaderas"you",thesentencesaremoreinformalandpersonal.22Theinformalityofyourwritingwillbeincreasedbycontractions,slang,andshort,simplewordsinsteadoflonger,morecomplexones.Task21Text9addressesreaderswithsomeknowledgeofglobalwarming,becausetheauthorargueswithstrongevidenceandreasons,quotingexpertsmorefrequentlyandtryingtobeimpartialandimpersonalbychoosingmoreexactwording.OnthecontraryText10talkstogeneralreaders,evidencedbyusingmoredefinitionsandeasierlanguagesuchasfigurativespeech.Itisanessaychargedwithstrongemotion.2Text10.3No.Text9illustratestheeffectsofglobalwarmingwithstrongevidenceandreasons,showingthattheauthortriestobeobjectiveandimpersonal.4No.Thesewordslackpreciseness.Text9triestobemoreobjective,quotingexpertsmorefrequentlyandavoidingshowingstrongpersonalemotion.5Text9quotesRogerRevelle,anoceanographer,JacquesChirac,Frenchpresident,AlGore,VicepresidentofUSA,RossGelbspan,anauthorofabookaboutEarth’sclimatechangefromglobalwarming,Schneider,fromtheNationalCenterofAtmosphericResearch,andElmerRobinson,thedirectorofMaunaLoaObservatory.Thequotationofthoseexpertsandauthoritiesmaketheargumentsmoreconvincing.6ThecriticismofText9avoidsbeingsubjectiveandpersonalandresortstomoreauthoritiesandcoldreasoning,henceitismoreobjective.7Text9.Theuseofthefirst-personviewandfigurativespeechisoftenconsideredinformalandlessserious.8Text9,becausetheauthorusesmorequotationsfromexpertsandauthoritiesandlessemotionalwordsthanText10.7TakingnotesTaskTitle:GlobalWarmingandItsEffectsAuthor<s>:NicolasDallevaSource:://ezinearticlesMainideas:Theessaymainlytalksabouttheeffectsandcausesofglobalwarming.Mainfindingsorideas:Globalwarminghavenegativeeffectsonclimatechanges,survivalofanimals,developmentofplants,people’shealthandglobaleconomy.Therearetwomajorcausesforglobalwarming:burningoffossilfuelsandgreenhousegases.Conclusion:Theworldneedstoputforthastrongerefforttopreventglobalwarming.ParagraphsOrganizationContentPara.1PhenomenonGlobalwarminghasbeenaglobalissuenow,despiteminimaleffortsaremadetopreventglobalwarming.Paras.2-4EffectIItaffectstheclimatechange.EffectIIItaffectsthesurvivalofanimals.EffectIIIItaffectsthedevelopmentofplants.EffectIVItaffectsthehealthofpeople.EffectVItaffectseconomy.Paras.5-7CauseIburningoffossilfuels<carbondioxide>CauseIIgreenhousegasessuchasmethane,nitrousoxide,andchlorofluocarbonParas.9-10CommentsGlobalwarmingevenaffectseconomyandhealth.Paras.11-12Conclusionastrongerandjointeffortneededtopreventglobalwarming8WritingasummaryTask1Thesourcematerialusesastoryofidenticaltwinstoillustratetheideathatapartfromtheimportantrolethegenesplayinthedevelopmentofanindividual,theirenvironmentalexperiencealsoaffectstheirtraitsgreatly.Thesummarygraspstheideawithoutdetailsofthestory.Task22Historyhasdemonstratedthattechnologyaffectseducationprofoundly.Consideringthedefinitionoftechnologybroadly,onemaysaythatprehistoricpeopleusedprimitivetechnologiestoteachskillstotheiryoung.3Psychologycanbedividedintoseveralimportanttheories.Behaviouristsemphasizetheroleofenvironmentinshapingone’sbehavior,whilecognitivistsexplainbehaviorbyanalyzingmentalprocesses.Freudiansandhumanistsaremoreconcernedwithexploringbehaviorthroughthepersonalitywhereassocialconstructivistsconnectindividualbehaviortoitssocial-historiccontext.Task3Title:GlobalWarmingandItsEffectsAuthor<s>:NicolasDallevaSource:://ezinearticlesSummary:AccordingtoNicolasDalleva,globalwarminghasbecomeagreatchallengetohumanbeings,foritnotonlyaffectstheclimatechangeandleadstothedecreaseofthenumberofanimalsperspecies,butalsoaffectstheagriculturalgrowth.Dallevabelievesthattheburningoffossilfuelsistheculpritofglobalwarmingbecauseitreleasesgreenhousegasescarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.Theothergaseslikemethane,nitrousoxideandchlorofluocarbonsarealsothecausesofthegreenhouseeffect.InDalleva’sopinion,despitetheworldwideefforts,peopledonottaketheissueseriouslyanddonotrealizethatglobalwarmingwillalsoexertsanegativeeffectoneconomyandhealth.Hecallsfor,therefore,astrongerjointefforttopreventglobalwarming.<134words>Task4Lecture6Sincetheindustrialrevolution,people’sprivatespherehavebeenseparatedfromtheirworkingplaces.Institutionslikeoffices,factoriesandschoolsimposeisolationonpeoplewhoareblockedtotheirprivacysphereatworkoratschool.Nowpeopletrytobreaktheisolationandseekintimacywithhigh-techcommunicationtoolslikefacebook,skype,cellphonesandemails.Thetoolsenablepeopletogaincomfortandwarmthfromclosefriendsorfamilies.<72words>Lecture7TheKeplerMissionistosearchforplanetsbymeasuringthestarlight,throughwhichwecanlearnabouthowstarsandplanetsinteracttoformtheireco-systemandwhetherthereexistlifeinotherplanetsorwhethertheyaresuitableforlifeliving.Inovertwoyearsofitsoperations,over1,200potentialnewplanetarysystemshavebeenfoundaroundotherstars.Apartfromthat,theKapleralsotriestofindthesizeofaplanetandhowthedistancefromitsparentstar.Italsoobservestheeffectsofoursun’smagneticactivity.<94words>Lecture8Traditionally,doctorstreatcancersbyattackingindividualcells.Byidentifyingseparateformscancercellswithoutmoleculetestorgenesequencing,however,wecan’tunderstandhowthewholecancersystemworks.Thustheeffectofthismethodisverylimited.AfterexchangingthoughtswithDanny,thespeakercameupwithanewstrategy.Thatisthecombinationofatypicaldrugs,computermodelingandproteinanalysis.Itmaybecomeoneofthemosteffectivewaystotreatcancers.<76words>Lecture9Mammographyisthemostcommonwaytodetectbreastcancer.However,withtheincreaseofbreastdensity,itwouldbehardertofindcancerthroughX-ray.Dr.DeborahRhodeshasdevelopedanewtoolfortumordetection,whichisthreetimesaseffectiveastraditionalmammograms.What’smore,itischeaperthanothertechnology.Butherresearchwasrejectedforbyjournals,becauseitissocheapthattheproducersoftraditionalmammogramswon’tbehappytoseeit.Furthermore,therearealsosomepoliticalforceskeepingitfromthemarket.<91words>Task5Answersmayvary.9EnhancingyouracademiclanguageReading:Text51Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1e2h3a4g5c6b7j8f9d10i2CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.1automation2occupational3immigrant4uplift5displacement6hand-crafted7ranched8nutritious9involved10assembly11yield12incredible13optimism14mob15professional16labeled17analyst18surplus19harbor20columnist21virtual22revolutionary23lace24undercut25barter26litigable27specter28sift29pot3Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencespatternslistedabove.increasinglyimportantrole〔越來越重要的作用taskshumansprefernottodo,orareunabletodo〔那些人類不愿做或不能做的事andthelike〔以及諸如此類的事settleman’sanxieties〔解決人類的擔憂Somequestionsareraised〔問題提了出來4TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText5intoChinese.1最近在《紐約時報》上刊登的一篇文章談到了一種新計算機軟件,該軟件瞬間就能篩選數以千計的法律文件并尋找到那些可訴訟的條款,為律師們節(jié)省了花費在閱讀文件上的數百小時。2他們主要靠耕種來養(yǎng)活自己,多種的部分用以物品交易或賣出。3從事農業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)者的絕對數量大約在1910年達到頂峰〔約有1100-1200萬,在此之后人數便急劇下降。4這個故事總結了美國幾個世紀以來的工作經歷,從失業(yè)工人的層面上講是悲劇,但從全國勞動力的層面上講是件好事。5人工智能是一種新的自動化技術嗎？是一種削弱了曾經是20世紀末就業(yè)標志的腦力工作的技術嗎？是一種只會消除更好的工作機會的技術嗎？Reading:Text61Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1d2f3i4b5h6c7a8e9j10g2CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.1problematic2presumptions3brinkmanship4dictum5monopoly6conceal7share8lawsuit9deter10mutual11commitment12reveal13purposive14fare15interdependence16demoralized17collectively18stipulated19warranty20outweighed21induce22uniformly23optimal24confess25perish26move27dilemma28neutral29intolerable30dominant31square32outcome33bluff34linear3Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencespatternslistedabove.securethebestoutcomesforhimself〔為自己得到最好的結果Toillustratethepoint〔為了說明這一點attemptstouse〔嘗試運用aprocessthatleadsto〔這個過程就導致了Suchanexamplealsoarises〔這種例子還出現4TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText6intoChinese.1就前者來說,玩家按照順序移動,每個人都了解其他玩家之前的動作。就后者而言,玩家同時做出動作,不了解其他玩家的動作。2當思考別人會如何反應的時候,必須站在別人的角度,用別人的思考方式進行思考,而不能將自己的推理強加在別人的身上。3盡管各位玩家同時做出動作,不知道其他玩家當前的動作,然而,每個玩家都必須明白其他玩家也和自己一樣有同樣的想法。4事實上,有眾所周知不好的例子,如："囚徒困境",在這個游戲中如果每個人追求自我的最佳利益,那么所有玩家都會卷入一個糟糕的結局。5這種合作行為可通過反復玩這個游戲實現,因為這種由作弊暫時獲得的利益會被由于合作破裂引起的長期損失所壓倒。Reading:Text71Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1g2d3i4b5f6j7a8c9e10h2CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.1astronomer2contract3dedication4evolution5trace6conception7diffuse8erroneous9embedded10prediction11quantitative12expand13precisely14degrade15repulsive16transit17insight18capture19sufficient20gulf21capacity22static23licked24decay25primitive26entails27refined28spectacular29unbreakable30theoretical31barrier32cancel33horizon34mismatched35blatantly36witness37literally38vital3Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencespatternslistedabove.Sosignificantisthediscovery〔這個發(fā)現是如此的意義深遠muchas〔就如……一樣whatif〔如果……會怎樣hisdiscoverywouldhavelikelygarneredhimanotherNobelPrize〔他的發(fā)現很可能為他獲得一個諾貝爾獎Itwillopennewpathsto〔將打開新的通道4TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText7intoChinese.1在過去的十年里,對古老星光的觀測讓人對宇宙的過去有了深刻的了解。令人驚訝的是,他們也讓人對未來的本質有了深刻的洞察,而這些數據所顯示的未來令人非常不安——因為某種被稱之為暗能量的東西。2像地球或太陽一樣的普通物質只能生成引力,但數學演算卻顯示,一種更外在的能源——一種就像是填充桑拿浴的蒸汽一樣的能量均勻地充滿著整個空間,只不過這種能量是無法看到的——會產生與引力相斥的力量。3快速推進到二十世紀九十年代,那時兩隊天文學家對遙遠的超新星——由天體爆發(fā)所產生的非常耀眼的星星,能夠穿過宇宙而被看得很清楚——進行著艱辛而精確的觀測,用以確定外太空間的膨脹速度在宇宙的歷史進程中是怎樣改變的。4在測算充滿宇宙的暗能量總量的最為精確的嘗試中,遺漏了一個測定值,一個巨大的因數10123〔即一個1后面跟著123個0,這是在科學歷史中理論和觀測最為嚴重的一次誤差。5距今一千億年后,任何沒有與我們比鄰的星系都將會被不斷膨脹的空間橫掃出去,它飛馳而去的速度將會比光速還快。Reading:Text81Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1d2f3a4b5g6h7c8i9j10e2CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.1aspects2replicate3simultaneously4expectancy5Journal6mechanic7practically8automatically9precise10specific11erratically12exclusive13conventional14elements15semiconductor16molecular17vast18appearance19potential20property21manipulate22fabricate23foresee24substance25individual26reverse27theoretical3Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencespatternslistedabove.hasplayedanever-importantrolein〔起著非常重要的作用isimpactingthemedicalindustry〔對醫(yī)學界正在產生很大影響smallerthanapill〔比藥丸還小Thiscouldvastlyreducethepain〔這可極大的減輕疼痛Itisnotuntilweexperiencesuchbenefits〔知道我們體驗到這種好處4TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText8intoChinese.1一納米是一米的十億分之一,比可見光的波長還要短,其寬度是人類頭發(fā)的十萬分之一。2諾貝爾獎獲得者霍斯特·施特默說納米尺度比原子尺度更有趣,因為納米尺度是我們可以將東XX裝在一起的起始點,我們只有將原子拼湊在一起這個東西才有使用價值。3只有在那時,他說,我們才能有效地教授納米科學,因為沒有牢固的多學科背景就無法理解納米科技。4物質是絕緣體,就意味著他們不能帶電荷,然而,在分散形式下縮微到納米尺度時物質可以變?yōu)榘雽w。5有些人擔心納米科技最終會成為虛擬的現實——換句話說,在納米領域的局限性眾所周知之前有關納米科技的炒作仍會繼續(xù),但之后興趣〔和資金會很快消失。Reading:Text91Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1c2f3d4h5j6i7a8e9b10g2CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.1magnitude2significantly3atmosphere4intensity5evidence6migrating7specifically8amplify9occurrence10destiny11motivation12annual13released14vicious15environmentally16alternate17prominent18reaction19drastically20regulation21minimal22exposure23retain24compound25eventually26decline27creature3Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencespatternslistedabove.areunawareoruninformedofthecauses〔沒有意識到havealargeimpactintheatmosphere〔對大氣造成很大影響man’senvironmentandhealthareatrisk〔人類的環(huán)境和健康處于危險之中theissueisnotoftheirdailyconcern〔不是一般人所關心的日常問題getallpeopleinvolvedin〔使人們參加到4TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText9intoChinese.1他將氣候變暖稱為"偉大的地球物理實驗"。他說："這個實驗就是大氣中增加盡可能多的二氧化碳,再增加少許其他有害氣體,然后看看會發(fā)生什么。"2在減少溫室氣體排放,特別是因燃燒化石燃料而產生的二氧化碳的排放方面人類所做的努力微不足道,這增加了全球變暖的速度和強度。3大氣中的二氧化碳可以使植物的光合作用速度加快,使得過敏原數量增加。4它是地球上除了水蒸汽外最豐富的熱能吸收氣體,但它并不被認為是一種溫室氣體,因為它通過下雨不斷地循環(huán)回到地球上。5《沸點》是一部關于全球變暖導致地球氣候變化的著作,該書的作者羅斯﹒格爾布斯潘在20XX公開談及他的這本書時說："氣候問題最終會撕開全球經濟的裂口。"Reading:Text101Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1d2c3j4a5i6f7h8e9g10b2CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.1undergo2massive3unprecedented4runaway5consensus6hinder7output8concentrationspan9bleak10makeadent11constantly12outcome13playdown14variation15absolutely16denigrate17messwith18herald19overwhelming20savage21resolve22gigantic23output24dramatically25sex-selective3Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencespatternslistedabove.Thedisputeliesinwhetherornot〔爭論的焦點在于是否theoverwhelmingconsensusis〔壓倒性的一致看法是thereisabsolutelynoquestion〔這絕對是沒有問題的mayarisefrom〔或許是來自于hasneverbeenanythingotherthanapollutingeffectonourenvironment〔除了給我們環(huán)境帶來破壞作用,沒有帶來其他任何東西4TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText10intoChinese.1這一爭論的焦點在于：我們正在經歷的變暖僅僅反映了最近全球氣溫變化趨勢的自然轉變,還是工業(yè)革命開始以來人類活動造成污染影響的結果。2一種反對人為變暖的觀點是,這世界曾在1946到1975年間經歷過一次明顯的降溫,證明了溫室氣體排放水平升高勢必會導致全球變暖這一想法是錯誤的。3試圖對全球氣溫在過去一千多年中真正的變化下定論是很難辦到的,尤其近幾百年前的記錄并不可靠。4反對減輕全球變暖提案的既得利益集團已經確定,雖然《京都議定書》現已正式生效,但它遠未實現其到2008年12月全球溫室氣體排放減少5.2%〔低于1990年水平的目標。5如果真的要在日益攀升的大氣溫室氣體濃度中按要求減少60%的溫室氣體排放,前景的確堪憂。III.LectureListeningListening:Lecture61Theinstitutionslikefactories,officesandschools.2Itfindsoutthateightypercentofthecallsarelimitedonlytofourpeople.3Manypeoplegetachancetobeclosetofamilymembersorfriendsbyhigh-techlikefacebook,skypeandemails.4Thereisnoprivacysphereassoonasyouwalkintotheworkingplace.5TheInternetandIntimacy.Lecture6HowtheInternetenablesintimacy?Ibelievethattherearenew,hiddentensionsthatareactuallyhappeningbetweenpeopleandinstitutions—institutionsthataretheinstitutionsth