國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)英語課后練習(xí)答案

國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)英語課后練習(xí)答案國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)英語課后練習(xí)答案/NUMPAGES27國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)英語課后練習(xí)答案國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)英語課后練習(xí)答案UnitoneI.FindinthetexttheEnglishequivalentsforthefollowing:protectionismdomesticmarketinterferencedirectinvestmentrestrictionbefirstvoicedbydominatemercantilismconsumeoutflowofcurrencycurrencyportfolioinvestmentII.FillintheblankswithproperEnglishterms:1)Merchandiseexports2)Serviceexportsandimports3)Merchandiseimports4)Internationaltrade5)Directinvestment(FDI)6)PortfolioinvestmentIII.Chooseasuitablewordforeachoftheblanksinthefollowingparagraph:trade;liberalization;facilitate;competition;increasinglyV.(P10)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese:一個國家出現(xiàn)貿(mào)易盈余或貿(mào)易順差，是指該國當(dāng)前進口貨物和服務(wù)的價值小于出口貨物和服務(wù)的價值。在重商主義時期，這一差值通過轉(zhuǎn)移黃金彌補，但是在今天是通過持有貿(mào)易赤字國家的貨幣或以該國貨幣表示的投資來彌補。實質(zhì)上，盈余國家在給予赤字國家信貸。如果此種信貸最終不能買回足夠的貨物和服務(wù)，所謂的貿(mào)易順差結(jié)果實際上可能對盈余國家不利。GivetheChineseequivalentsforthefollowingEnglishterms:1)絕對優(yōu)勢理論2）比較優(yōu)勢理論3）國際勞動分工4）要素稟賦理論5）土地密集型產(chǎn)品6）勞動密集型產(chǎn)品7）資本密集新產(chǎn)品8）獲得優(yōu)勢9）天然優(yōu)勢10）文化要素差異II.(p18-19)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseaccordingtothepatterns:即使所有產(chǎn)品都具有絕對優(yōu)勢的國家，因其必須放棄產(chǎn)出效率低的產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)而生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)出效率高的產(chǎn)品，也會從貿(mào)易中獲益。盡管美國產(chǎn)茶與產(chǎn)麥均有絕對優(yōu)勢，可它只在麥子生產(chǎn)上具有相對優(yōu)勢，因其產(chǎn)麥的優(yōu)勢較其產(chǎn)茶的優(yōu)勢更大。要素稟賦理論認為，較豐富的生產(chǎn)要素比相對稀缺的要素更加廉價。為了做好國際貿(mào)易，公司經(jīng)理除需要掌握業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營知識，還需要掌握基本的社會科學(xué)知識。UnitTwoI.(p27)Findoutthewholeformsofthefollowingshortforms:MTOMultilateralTradingGSPGeneralizedSystemofPreferenceUNCTADUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentWTOWorldTradeOrganizationMFNMostFavoredNationLDClessdevelopedcountriesGATTGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeECEuropeanCommunityII．Fillintheblankswithproperwords:1)policies;discourage2)government3)117;36%;24%4)negotiations;to;trade5)free;wouldaccept/permitI.(p35-36)IdentifyinthetexttheEnglishequivalentsforthefollowing:prohibitivetariffvalueaddedtaxregulatorytariffadvaloremtariffprotectivetariffdutiablepriceretaliatorytariffretailpricecountervailingtariffwholesalepricepunitivetaxlicenseSpecialDrawingRightclandestinerevenuetariffnon-tariffbarriersgovernmentprocurementcoordinationinfantindustrycustomsvaluationII.(p36)TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:大多數(shù)國家目前就估價的程序達成了一致。海關(guān)官員首先必須采用發(fā)票金額。若沒有發(fā)票金額或其真實性可疑的情況下，必須以同類商品價值為基礎(chǔ)估價。若找不到同類商品，就必須以基本同時期進海關(guān)的相似產(chǎn)品為基礎(chǔ)進行估價。III.Completethefollowingsentences:thecustoms;import/exportgoodsTarifforduty;underdumping;levyinganti-dumpingtariffduty;valueincreasing;imported;gainIV.Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:of;on;with;from;with;for;to;at;by;at(p44)FindinthetexttheEnglishequivalentsforthefollowing:foreigncurrencyretentiontariffexemptionpreferentialconditionmonitorexportcreditcertificatedirectconsignmentGeneralizedSystemofPreferencetariffunionpreference-givingcountryeconomicunionpreference-receivingcountrycommonmarketsignatorynationprincipleoftheplaceoforigintariffregionfreetradezoneregionaleconomicintegrationinternationalfinancialmarketNationalCommercialInspectionBureauanditssubordinates(p44-45)TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:進出口數(shù)量限制最常見的形式是配額（制度）。從進口角度講，配額頻頻使用的目的是為了限制某一特定年份所允許進口產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量。這一數(shù)量常常反映出國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)廠商在特定年份擁有國內(nèi)市場中一定份額的保障（額度）。很多年來，美國進口糖配額使美國（國內(nèi)）糖業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠商占據(jù)了近一半國內(nèi)市場。(P45)Findasuitabletermtofillineachofthefollowingblanks:EconomicUnionAfreetradezonetheaveragetaxrefunding4)totaltariffexemption5)FormA6)GSP7)encourageexportproduction8)justifiableUnitThree(p51)GivetheChineseequivalentsforthefollowingEnglishterms:固有/內(nèi)在屬性光澤、款式、結(jié)構(gòu)適銷性社會屬性適用性耐用性衛(wèi)生以消毒/殺菌Translatethefollowing,payingattentiontotheunderlinedterms:Notonlyshouldwetakeintoconsiderationtheintrinsicqualityandouterformorshape,butalsoindividualconsumertastes.TostrengthenthecompetitivenessofChina’sexportcommodities,wemustimprovetheirquality.日本質(zhì)量管理方法稱為“全面質(zhì)量管理”(TQM)，是日本公司為達到質(zhì)量要求所遵循的程序。競爭力戰(zhàn)略應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮以下四方面：效率/成本、可靠性、質(zhì)量和靈活性。在日本，質(zhì)量是指“產(chǎn)品上乘，顧客不會想到轉(zhuǎn)向其它賣家”。Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:to;in;in;of;by;on;in;without(p55)GivetheChineseequivalentsandexplaintheminsimpleEnglish:檢驗銷售代表性樣品參考樣品復(fù)樣產(chǎn)權(quán)技術(shù)資源對等樣品商檢(P60)TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:規(guī)格修改修訂維修/保養(yǎng)保質(zhì)期/質(zhì)保期精選水產(chǎn)品補充仲裁示意圖/圖紙消費安裝相關(guān)部門奢侈食品跨國公司PutthefollowingintoEnglish:qualityfirstqualityreliableproductscustomerfirstqualityinspectionsystemqualityindicatorsuperiorqualitycorrespondwithsamplesnotthesameasthesampleintangibleassetsfamousbrandproductsstrongandpliablebooklet/manualFindaproperwordforeachblank:select;location;largest;northern;conscious;terms;attract;fast;afford;earningsI.(p64)GivetheChineseequivalentstothefollowingEnglishterms:1)允許誤差2）質(zhì)量公差3）可變范圍4）靈活性5）鴨絨含量II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseaccordingtothehints:某些部件是定制的，需要買賣雙方的工程技術(shù)人員多次談判才能確立正確的規(guī)格。一些優(yōu)等蔬菜、水果在消費品市場上打開了銷路。汽車旅館是服務(wù)周到的范例，可視為一種不同的消費產(chǎn)品。一些疲勞的駕駛者總是滿意于入住的第一家汽車旅館，圖的是方便。UnitFour(P71)Heregiveninthefollowingareshortformsforsomeunitsofmeasureandweight.Pleasegivethecompleteformofeach.ttonozouncelbpoundmimileydyardgalgallonkmkilometerkgkilogramggramsqmsquaremetrebubushelllitre(p72)Fillintheblankswithproperpropositionsinthefollowingparagraphs:in;by;by;by;in;in;in;for;in;of;in;in;of;on;of;for(p76)FindinthetexttheEnglishequivalentsforthefollowing:grossweightpricefluctuationnetweightcomputedtareconditionedweightunitweightmoisturecontentcustomarytarenetnetweighttheoreticalweightrealtaremoreorlessclauseaveragetareuniformcustomsandpractice(UCP)fordocumentarycreditlegalweightFindEnglishexpressionsoftheunderlinedpartsinthefollowing:RelatedlawsinBritainstipulatethatifthesellerdeliversaquantityofgoodslessthanagreed,thebuyermayrejectthedelivery.Ifthesellerdeliversaquantitygreaterthanthatcalledforinthecontract,thebuyermayonlyaccepttheagreedquantitybutrejecttheexcessportion,orrejecttheentiredelivery.However,UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG)stipulatesthatthebuyermaytakedeliveryorrefusetotakedeliveryofpartorwholeoftheexcessquantity,butinthecaseofunder-delivery,thesellermaymakeupanydeficiencyinthequantityofthegoodsdeliveredbeforethedatefordelivery,providedthattheexerciseofthisrightdoesnotcausethebuyerunreasonableinconvenienceorunreasonableexpanse.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinse:日本二戰(zhàn)前主要出口生絲、綠茶、棉織物、陶瓷品和玩具等，但是戰(zhàn)后日本重工業(yè)的發(fā)展給出口結(jié)構(gòu)帶來了巨大變化，轎車、鋼鐵和船舶等的出口貨值相當(dāng)龐大。雖然最近估計的中國外債和之前估計相比少得多，但是中國確實還將大舉借債為現(xiàn)代化融資。降價的確吸引顧客，所以營銷人員經(jīng)常利用臨時性降價來加速把新產(chǎn)品打入市場。廣告的首要任務(wù)是引起注意，若達不到這一效果，有多少人看到或聽到廣告都沒有用處。銷售代表可能整個周末都在思考和計劃如何做好下周一半小時的產(chǎn)品推介會。UnitFive(p83)TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:裸裝貨單體運輸包裝散裝貨集合運輸包裝包裝貨運輸包裝壇子集裝袋/軟包裝箱麻袋柳條/板箱捆托盤/貨盤包轉(zhuǎn)運區(qū)域桶桶鐵罐IV．（p85）PutthefollowingintoEnglish:glasscontainerfluidmaterialfreshorlivegoodsaircirculationpackingmaterialoversizedoverweightedstipulateexplicitlythat…I.(p86)FindinthetexttheEnglishequivalentstothefollowingterms:consuming/consumertastegiftpackingprettifyproducts/commoditiesportablepackingnationalcustomstransparentpackingcreativedesignsuspensiblepacking(P86)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:Intheselectionofpackingmaterialanditsdesign,whatshouldbeconsideredisthequalityandvalueofgoods.High-endgoodsshouldgowithcorrespondingpacking,whichaddstotheirsuperiority.Packinglow-endcommoditieswithexpensivematerialwillincreasecostexcessively,andthusaffecttheirsales.However,toomuchemphasisattachedtocost-effectivenessandclothinghigh-endcommoditiesincheappackingmaterialcanalsoaffectsales.I.(p91)GivetheChineseequivalentstothefollowingterms:模印識別姓名首字母指示性標志/嘜頭收件人/收貨人保險單據(jù)發(fā)票幾何圖形轉(zhuǎn)運核實/確認簡稱陸路共同點通用產(chǎn)品代碼尺寸指定品牌腐蝕性物品放射性物品易燃品(P92)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese:包裝必須適合海運，足夠結(jié)實，能耐粗暴搬運。打包件需壓實，內(nèi)襯防水保護，在以高品質(zhì)帆布包裹，外加箍帶，捆包成件。包裝箱或其它外包裝外形總體尺寸應(yīng)保持最小，充分保護貨物即可。包裝件的兩面和上下其中一端都必須以大號普通字體用優(yōu)質(zhì)油墨模印出全套嘜頭和運輸號。所有打包件都須標注有“勿鉤”字樣。Unit6I.(p102)FindinthetexttheEnglishequivalentstothefollowing:exportgoodsinspectionliabilityFOBlinertermscustomsclearanceFOBundertackletrimmingmulti-modaltransportationship’srailinlandwaterwaystowageII.(P102)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese:鐵路運輸時，如果貨物數(shù)量達到乘車皮，賣方須以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞窖b載車皮或裝載集裝箱。鐵路方或代表鐵路方的另一方接收已裝載貨車皮或已裝載集裝箱后，交付完成。當(dāng)貨物數(shù)量未達到整車皮或集裝箱整箱裝時，賣方在鐵路收貨處移交了貨物或?qū)⒇浳镅b入由鐵路方提供的裝載工具中后，交付完成。I.(P108)FindinthecontexttheEnglishequivalentstothefollowingterms:unloadingchargeseffectinsuranceCFRextackleCFRexship’sholddocumentarytransactionslinerCFRlinertermssymbolicdeliveryII.(p109)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese:訂立保險合同應(yīng)找保險承銷商或有良好聲譽的保險公司。可轉(zhuǎn)讓提單須包含合同貨物；提單簽發(fā)日期在約定裝運期內(nèi)；能讓買方在目的地從承運人手中提取貨物。有時候在貨物貿(mào)易中，貨物在海運途中被買走，在這種情況下，貿(mào)易術(shù)語后要加上“路貨”字樣。若按CFR和CIF貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交，貨物滅失或破損的風(fēng)險（此時）已經(jīng)由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到了買方。運輸合同確定有關(guān)移交貨物給承運人運輸過程中發(fā)運人或托運人的義務(wù)。III．(p109)Pleasecompletethefollowingsentences:freightispaidwithCtermsthebuyerthebuyerthebuyerC&FtermsUS$11.000CarriagePaidto(…NamedPlaceofDestination);CostandFreight;Cost,InsuranceandFreightI.(P117)GivetheChineseequivalentstothefollowingEnglishterms:邊境交貨目的港船上交貨目的港碼頭交貨目的地完稅交貨目的地未完稅交貨II.Fillintheblankswithproperwords:formalities;payable2)sufficient;delivery3)communicate;referredtoTranslatethefollowingintoChinese:貿(mào)易術(shù)語受incoterms1990約束，并遵照其解釋。以FOB（裝運港船上交貨）計價，含5%傭金。成本、保險費加運費紐約交貨價，每打20美元CIF，含傭金3%；傭金在賣方收到全部應(yīng)收貨款后給付。溫哥華裝運港船上交貨價，每公噸1200美元FOB，含平艙理艙費；總價1,200,000美元。以裝運期內(nèi)三個月倫敦金屬交易所99.85%高等級錫價賣方上午均價為基礎(chǔ)，（按純度）分別為：99.95%加9.00美元99.90%加5.00美元99.85%減3.00美元5）合同訂立后不得調(diào)整價格。IV.Judgewhetherthefollowingpricetermsarecorrectornot.Ifnot,why?錯誤。未明確貨幣（改為：US$3.50）錯誤。未明確貨幣（改為：Sterling￡300）錯誤。未明確重量單位（改為：perm/t）錯誤。未明確貿(mào)易術(shù)語（改為：FF650perdozenCIFMarseillelessthan1%discount）正確。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthetermsgiven:Whenthecontractentersintoforce,thepriceclausehereinshallbinduponbothpartiesnomatterwhethertheexchangeratefluctuatesornot.Whenthecontractissigned,anychangeinfreightandadditionalimporttaxshouldbecoveredbythebuyer.Incasecostofrawmaterialchangesbeforedelivery,thebuyerisentitledtoadjusttheprice.Calculationofcommissionanddiscountisusuallybasedontheinvoicevalueofgoods.UnitSeven(P129)Fillintheblankswithproperwordsfromthetextabove:contracted;physical2)Symbolic;transfer3)upon;before;expires;claims4)cigaretteleaves;getdamp5)CPT;departure6)unload;of;before;first7)boat;deliver8)nameofthecountry;sameTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:Shipmentshallbemade30daysafterthereceiptofL/Cwhichshallreachthesellernotlaterthanthestipulateddate.ShipmentfromDaliantoTokyo,withtransshipmentandpartialshipmentprohibited.Thesellershallnotifythebuyerbytelegramspecifyingshippingquantity,invoicevalue,nameofthevessel,loadingportandexpecteddateofdeparture,sothatthebuyercaneffectinsurance.PleasewriteoutthetechnicalChineseversionsofthefollowingsentences:目的港：安特衛(wèi)普、阿姆斯特丹、漢堡，買方任選。買方須于船只預(yù)定抵達第一個卸貨港五天前通告承運人確定的目的港并承擔(dān)由此產(chǎn)生的擇港費用。承運人在運輸全程中負責(zé)貨物運輸?shù)陌踩?。貨物裝運后，并且賣方已獲得必需單據(jù)，我們可以說賣方按照象征性交貨已完成交貨任務(wù)。(p137)Findinthetexttheequivalenceforthefollowingterms:oiltankervoyagecharterlighteraboardshiptimecharterrollon/rolloffshipdemisechartersailingschedulecharterpartyweighttonchargedbyadvalerommeasurementtonbunkeradjustmentfactordemurrageliner’sfreighttariffdispatchmoneystowingandtrimmingcurrencyadjustmentfactortransshipmentsurchargeportcongestionsurchargeloadingandunloadingJudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse:F2)T3)F4)T5)F6)TTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese:班輪運費包含裝卸費用。不止一種運輸方式可供選擇時，我們應(yīng)考慮選用合適的運輸方式。班輪公司通常將其船期表刊登在報紙上或分發(fā)給托運人（發(fā)貨人）。租船按定期和/或定程租用。光船租賃中，船主只租給租船人船只，租船人自行招募船員。(P141)Findinthetexttheequivalentstothefollowingterms:pilferageflatrackcontainerparcelreefercontainersettlethepaymentsteelcontainerairwaybilldrycargocontainerfacilitatelivestockcontainerlessthancontainerloadcontaineryardcontainerloadplancollapsiblecontainerfullcontainerloadcontainerfreightstationdockreceipt(containerized)combinedtransportreceiptExplainthefollowingtermsinyourownwordsofEnglish:SmallsizedifferentmodesoftransportcontainerforunpackedgoodscontainerinwhichgarmentsarehangingayardwherecontainersarestoredIII.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:集裝箱費用有多種，其中有各項附加費用。在基本費率和附加費率的基礎(chǔ)上進一步計算得出集裝箱運費。集裝箱運費率是按特定的運費率對一個集裝箱所裝貨物所收取的費用。某些集裝箱承運人對班輪運價表里貨物等級低于8級的貨物以8級運費率收取運費。在支付鐵路或空運的貨物款項時，銀行結(jié)算貨款時通常需要信用證。Findanotherwordtoexplaintheitalicizedwordineachexpression:theft2)realize3)loading4)make5)foldable(P150)FindinthetexttheEnglishequivalentstothefollowingterms:airwaybilldirectB/LreceivedforshipmentB/LtransshipmentB/LnegotiablefreighttocollectblankendorsementoriginalshortformB/LconsigneethroughB/Lshipper/consignorgroupageB/LlongformB/LorderB/LonboardB/LcleanB/LcombinedtransportB/Lspecialendorsementmulti-modaltransportdocuments(omit)PutthefollowingintoEnglish:TheclausesprintedonthebackofaB/Lstipulatetherights,obligationsandexemptionsofthecarrierandtheconsignor.TheB/LsissuedbyshippingcompaniesgenerallystipulatethattheB/Lbegovernedbythelawofthecarrier’scountry.Sincethecarrierincludesboththeshipownerandthecharterer,thenameofthecountrywhoselawsandregulationsapplyisgenerallyspecifiedwhenaB/Lisissued.Replacetheitalicizedwordswithsuitabletermsfromthetextabove:1)rate2)liabilities/obligations;consignor3)consignee;duplicates4)vessel5)dischargeportUnit8(P159)FindinthetexttheEnglishequivalentstothefollowingterms:insuredgeneralaverageinsuredamountsalvagechargesextraneousrisksinsurancepolicyconstructivetotallossperilsoftheseasueandlaborchargesfortuitousaccidentsinsurerparticularaveragepremiumlossevaluationchargesJudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse:1)T2)F3)F4)T5)T6)T7)FIII.PutthefollowingintoEnglish:Goodsformarinetransportshouldgenerallybeputintotheship’shold.Insurancecompaniesdonotinsuregoodsthatshouldhavebeenputintheship’sholdbutareactuallyplacedondeck.Whengoodsareinsuredaccordingtoclausesintendedforgoodsintheship’shold,butactuallyplacedondeck,theinsurancecompanyisnotliabletocompensateforthelossesincurred.Somegoodsthataresobulkytobeplacedintheship’sholdorsotoxicastobeplacedondeckonly,maybeinsuredwiththepermissionoftheinsurer.Ondeckriskcoversonlytheriskofgoodsdroppingintotheseaanddoesnotcovertherisksofraindamageorseawaterdamping.(p168)PutthefollowingintoChinese:海上貨物運輸險2）戰(zhàn)爭險3）基本險承保范圍4）附加險承保范圍5）水漬險6）賠付7）中國保險條款8）偷盜、提貨不著險9）串味10）陸上運輸險11）郵運包裹保險12）平安險13）運輸契