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完整版專四英語語法考點完整版專四英語語法考點/NUMPAGES44PAGE44完整版專四英語語法考點完整版專四英語語法考點語法考點之一:虛擬語氣考點1.If從句中的虛擬語氣1、與過去事實相反:從句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+havedone;1.I___thepartymuchmoreiftherehadn’tbeenquitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.1996A.wouldenjoyB.willhaveenjoyedC.wouldhaveenjoyedD.willbeenjoying2.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere___quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.2000A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeenC.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’t省略if,從句的語序用到裝,即將were,had或should移至主語的前面,但否定詞not不前移。3.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she____muchbetterresultsnow.2008A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget4.______youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.1994A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.IrealizedthatD.AsIrealized5.___,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.1995A.

Hadn'thebeentakengoodcareofB.

HadhenotbeentakengoodcareofC.

HadnothebeentakengoodcareofD.

Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof6.___forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.2002A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot2、與現(xiàn)在事實相反:從句sbdid(were),主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do;1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasiertolearn.2009

A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen2.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he________abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.2005A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.Were3、與將來事實相反:從句sbdid(should+do或were+todo),主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do。1._____you_____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.2005A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had4、錯綜條件句:主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間段。比如:從句對過去虛擬,而主句對現(xiàn)在虛擬,即從句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do;1.Ifonlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.2007A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving考點2:表示建議、要求、命令等動詞如insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand引導(dǎo)的從句及it引導(dǎo)的相應(yīng)的分詞、名詞和形容詞從句,謂語用(should)+動詞原形。1.Heleftordersthatnothing______toucheduntilthepolicearrivedhere.1997A.shouldbeB.oughttobeC.mustbeD.wouldbe2.Sheaskedthatshe______allowedtoseehersoninpolicecustody.1993A.wouldbeB.couldbeC.beD.was考點3:Itis+advisable,essential,important,imperative(必要的,命令的),incredible(難以置信的,驚人的)等從句,謂語用(should)+動詞原形。1.Itisnecessarythathe____theassignmentwithoutdelay.2010A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandin2.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam____hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.2007A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continues3.Itisimperativethatthegovernment__moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.2006A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hasto4.Itisimperativethatstudents____theirtermpapersontime.2004A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin考點4:itis(high/about)timethat的結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句使用一般過去式。例如:1.It’shightimewe__cuttingdowntherainforests.2006AstoppedBhadtostopCshallstopDstop考點5:muchas"盡管,雖然"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,從句中用wouldhavedone表示假設(shè)。1.Muchas____,Icouldn’tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn’thavethatmuchsparecash.1999A.IwouldhavelikedtoB.IwouldliketohaveC.IshouldhavetolikeD.Ishouldhavelikedto考點6:ifonly,wish,asif/asthough引導(dǎo)從句,與過去事實相反:had+done;與現(xiàn)在事實相反:動詞過去式;與將來事實相反:could/would+do。1.IfonlyI__playtheguitaraswellasyou!2006AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight2.Hetalksonandonasifhewouldneverend.考點7:wouldrather/sooner從句中使用一般過去式或過去完成式分別表示對現(xiàn)在或過去的虛擬。1.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter____inthesameofficenow.

A.hadnotworkedB.nottoworkC.doesnotworkD.didnotwork考點8:Onconditionthat.../lest/forfearthat+(should)+原形動詞。1.Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,________thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.2005A.onoccasionB.onpurposeC.onconditionD.onlyif注:Onconditionthat...是“只有”“條件是”的意思,可以使用虛擬語氣,也可以不用。

I’llcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.

Theyagreetolendhimthecaronconditionhe(should)returnitinaweek.

2.lest以免e.g.:tiptoedlesttheguardshouldhearher;anxiouslesthebecomeill.考點9:butfor要不是...1._____yourtimelyadvice,Iwouldneverhaveknownhowtogoaboutthework.1994A.UnlessB.ButforC.ExceptforD.Notfor考點10:讓步狀語從句Whetherheberichorpoor,I’llmarryhim.1.____,I’llmarryhimallthesame.2004A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor2.Whethermybrotherrightorwrong,hewillhavemyunwaveringsupport.2001A.IsB.WereC.BeD.Wouldbe語法考點之二:情態(tài)動詞*情態(tài)動詞:will(愿意),shall(將),must(必須),can,may,would,should(應(yīng)該),might,could,oughtto,usedto(過去常常),need(需要),dare(竟敢),haveto(不得不)考試中,情態(tài)動詞部分重點測試以下內(nèi)容:

(1)情態(tài)動詞+行為動詞完成式(表示推測)

(2)某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法考點1.情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(1)musthavev-ed表示推測過去某事“一定”發(fā)生了。否定形式為:can’t/couldn’thavev-ed,表示過去不可能發(fā)生某事。1.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?2008A.Youmustleaveimmediately.B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.C.Youmustbeherebyeighto'clock.D.Youmustcompletethereadingassignmentontime.2.He_____the8:20busbecausehedidn’tleavehometill8:25.(1994)A.couldn’thavecaughtB.oughttohavecaughtC.shouldn’thavecaughtD.mustnothavecaught(2)couldhavev-ed表示推測過去某動作“很可能”發(fā)生了。(3)may/mighthavev-ed表示推測過去某事“也許”發(fā)生了.1.He____unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.(1999)A.mayhaveactedB.musthaveactedC.shouldactD.wouldact(4)oughtto/shouldhavev-ed和oughtnotto/shouldn’thavev-ed用于對已發(fā)生的情況表示“責(zé)備”、“不滿”,分別表示“本應(yīng)該…”和“本不應(yīng)該…”1.Aren'tyoutired?I____youhaddoneenoughfortoday.2009

A.shouldhavethoughtB.musthavethoughtC.mighthavethoughtD.couldhavethought(5)needn’thavev-ed表示過去做了某事,但沒有做的必要,意為“本沒必要…”。1.You____Jimanythingaboutit.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.(1998)A.needn’thavetoldB.needn’ttellC.mustn’thavetoldD.mustn’ttell2.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we_____soformally.(1996)A.neednothavedressedupB.mustnothavedressedupC.didnotneedtodressupD.mustnotdressup注意:didnotneedtodo動作并沒發(fā)生。例:Ididn’tneedtogetupearly,soIgotupuntil9a.m.考點2.特殊用法(1)can't“不可能”(表推測),maynot“可能不”(表推測),mustn’t(mustnot)“不要;禁止”;usednot/usedn’tto或didn’tuseto…過去不…(2)should表示驚訝1.Iamsurprised__thiscityisadullplacetolivein.2006A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking2.Weconsider______heshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.2009

A.strangewhyB.itstrangewhatC.itstrangethatD.thatstrange(3)用于過去式中,can常表示能過做某事,但事實不一定去做;beableto則表示能做某事并且已經(jīng)做了。1.Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI________thejourneyinexactlytwodays.2005A.musttakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmake(4)Can’tbut+V.,表示不得不,與haveto同義。Can’thelp+Ving忍不住。(5)cannot…too/enough表示“無論怎么……也不算過分”、“越……越好”(6)may/mightaswell+動詞原形”意為“最好,滿可以,倒不如”,相當(dāng)于hadbetterI'mready,soI

mightaswell

gonow(7)maywell+動詞原形”,意為“(完全)能,很可能”:Hemaywellbeproudofhisson.他大可為兒子高興。(8)mayaswellas還是…好了e.g.Youmayaswellasgivehimtheletter.語法考點之三:非謂語動詞考點1:不定式近幾年考的不多。以前的考點基本集中在:(1)考察哪些動詞接不定式;(2)考察哪些短語接不帶to的不定式;1)can’thelp/choosebutdo不得不,只能,不禁2)whynotdosth1._______himtomorrow?2001A.WhynottocallonB.Whydon’tcallonC.WhynotcallingonD.Whynotcallon3)woulddoratherthando1.Shesaidshewouldworkitoutherself,______askmeforhelp.1993A.andnottoB.butnotC.andprefernotD.ratherthan(3)考察短語"bebelieved/saidtodosth"的用法;1.TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved____ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.2004A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinkingC.thatheistothinkD.tothink2.AIDSissaid______thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.2002A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeen3.ProfessorJohnsonissaid____somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.1999A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomake(4)考察動詞不定時的時態(tài)和語態(tài):進行式tobedoing,完成式tohavedone;一般式被動語態(tài)tobedone;完成式被動語態(tài)tohavebeendone。另外,不定式短語有將來時的意思;考點2:動名詞(1)常接動名詞做賓語的詞:mind(介意),miss(逃過),mention(提及),prevent,postpone,practice,risk(冒險),resist(抵制),consider(考慮),admit(承認),avoid(避免),appreciate(感激),fancy(幻想),finish(完成),feellike(喜歡),escape(逃脫),ensure(確保),delay(延遲),deny(否認),resent,detest,imagine(想象),suggest(建議)1.Ininternationalmatches,prestigeissoimportantthattheonlythingthatmattersistoavoid______.1996A.frombeingbeatenB.beingbeatenC.beatingD.tobebeaten2.Heresented______towait.Heexpectedtheminister______himatonce.1995A.tobeasked,toseeB.beingasked,toseeC.tobeasked,seeingD.beingasked,seeing3.Ineverregretted_______offer,foritwasnotwheremyinterestlay.1993A.nottoacceptB.nothavingacceptedC.havingnotacceptedD.notacceptingb選項表示的是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生事件的陳述,指示某一次特殊的情況.d選項表示的是一般性的情況,不特指某一次特殊的情況(2)介詞后的ing:prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoing阻止…做…;spend/wastetime/moneyindoing在做…方面花錢、浪費時間或金錢;how/whataboutdoingsth做…怎么樣了?;Havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在…方面有些困難;Thereisnosenseindoing(做…是沒有理由的);Thank/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而感謝、羨慕、表揚、責(zé)備、懲罰某人1.Whataniceday!Howaboutthethreeofus_____awalkintheparknearby?2009

A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking2.Thoughherfatherneverapprovedof______todramaschool,shebecameawell-knownactress.1991A.going B.hertogoC.hergoing D.hergo(3)接動名詞做介詞to的賓語:applyoneselfto致力于;beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于;confessto供認;cometo談到;devoteoneselfto獻身于;getdownto著手做;givewayto對…讓步;leadto導(dǎo)致;lookforwardto期待;nextto幾乎;objectto反對;payattentionto注意;stickto堅持;standupto勇敢面對;turnto求助于;beusedto習(xí)慣于1.What’sthechanceof________ageneralelectionthisyear?2005A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therebeD.theregoingtobe2.Themeetingwasputoffbecausewe__________ameetingwithoutJohn.2005A.objectedhavingB.wereobjectedtohavingC.objectedtohaveD.objectedtohaving考點3:分詞(1)從語態(tài)上看,現(xiàn)在分詞一般表主動,過去分詞一般表被動;(2)從時態(tài)上看,現(xiàn)在分詞表示進行,過去分詞表示過去。如果分詞動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞動作之前,分詞用完成時。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是not放在分詞之前。*非謂語動詞解題三步曲:一、首先確定主句;二、分析主動被動;三、分析動作先后1._____shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.2010A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.Nottobetall2."Themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm'slawyer"hasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningsEXCEPT.2009

A.themanwhohaspreparedthedocuments...B.themanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocuments...

C.themanwhoispreparingthedocuments...D.themanwhowillpreparethedocuments...3.______atinthisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.2000A.LookingB.lookedC.BeinglookedD.tolook4.Ifnot____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.2004A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated5.______,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.1998A.ObtainingnotaticketforthematchB.NotobtainingaticketforthematchC.NothavingobtainedaticketforthematchD.Notobtainedaticketforthematch6.Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,______insufficientlypoplarwithallmembers.1996A.havingconsideredB.wasconsideredC.wasbeingconsideredD.beingconsidered7.Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder______outandthreemenclimbingdownit.1995A.throwingB.beingthrownC.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrown8.Thismissileisdesignedsothatonce_____nothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.1995A.firedB.beingfiredC.theyfiredD.havingfired考點4:獨立主格(句中沒有連接詞,逗號分開兩個句子,存在兩個主語。形式:名詞/代詞+分詞)。(1)分詞短語作狀語時,有自己獨立的邏輯上的“主語”,相當(dāng)于各種形式的狀語,表示一種伴隨的動作、情況或表原因(2)介詞(with)+名詞+形容詞/副詞+分詞,表示伴隨行動做或補充說明1.Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat______byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.2003A.isB.beenC.beD.being2.Time______,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.2003A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits3.There____nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.2000A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be4._____nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom.1996A.TherewasB.SinceC.BeingD.Therebeing5.Thecountry’schiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,cars______themostimportantofthese.1994A.havebeenB.areC.beingD.arebeing6.Thetaperecorder___outoforder,thestudentsdidnotknowwhattodo.1990A.was B.BeingC.hasbeen D.wasbeing語法考點之四:定語從句

關(guān)系代詞:which(指sth作主語或賓語),that(指sb或sth作主語或賓語),who(指sb作主語或賓語),whom(指sb作賓語),whose(指sb或sth,作定語),as(指sb,sth作主語或賓語);做賓語的時候,關(guān)系代詞可以省略。關(guān)系副詞:when(指時間onwhich),where(指地點atwhich),why(指原因forwhich)考點1.先行詞為人時引導(dǎo)詞who和that(1)只能用who不用that:1)當(dāng)先行詞為one(s),anyone,those時;2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時。(2)只能用that不用who:1)當(dāng)主句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)who時。2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。1.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman_______hewastwentyyearsago.2003A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom考點2.先行詞為物時引導(dǎo)詞that和which(1)只能用that不用which:1)先行詞為much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代詞。2)先行詞既有人又有物。3)先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾。4)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thelast,just,all,any,every,no等修飾。5)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語。6)在疑問詞who、which、what開頭的句子中。7)主句是therebe句型。1.Iwasveryinterestedin_____shetoldme.2009

A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.That2.Thereisnooneintheworld______.1991A.thatevermademistakesB.thathasevermademistakesC.thatnevermakesmistakesD.thatsometimesmakesmistakes(2)只能用which不用that:1)定語從句中的介詞前置時關(guān)系代詞只能用which;Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時只能用which,其先行詞可是一個詞,也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分。1.Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,_____issomethingwehadnotexpected.2003A.whichB.itC.thatD.what2.We’vejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,____shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.2002A.whichB.whatC.thatD.They考點3:介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)(1)關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定方法:定語從句的動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系,或者從句的動詞、形容詞的習(xí)慣性搭配。1.Theparty,__Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable.2006A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich2.I’veneverbeentoLhasa,butthat’sthecity_______.1999A.I’dmostliketovisitB.whichIliketovisitmostlyC.whereIliketovisitD.I’dlikemuchtovisit3.IhaveneverbeentoLondon,butthatisthecity________.1997A.whereIliketovisitmostB.I'dmostliketovisit.C.whichIliketovisitmostlyD.whereI'dlikemosttovisit(2)Whose從句1.Abovethetreesarethehills,_______magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.2003A.whereB.ofwhoseC.whoseD.which考點4:關(guān)系副詞的運用⑴先行詞為“時間的名詞”用when1.Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepast____shehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.1998A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when⑵先行詞為“表示地點的名詞”用where1.Haveyoueverbeeninasituation_____youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?2002A.bywhichB.thatC.inwhereD.Where⑶先行詞為“表示原因的名詞”why:reason+why…(表示原因的名詞只有一個)考點5:as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as放在句首句中都可以,which必需放在句中,但下列情況多用as:1)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.2)當(dāng)與suchas或thesame連用時,一般用as。3)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)與主句在意義上和諧一致,which無此限制:Hewentabroad,as[which]wasexpected.他出國了,正如大家預(yù)料到的。Hewentabroad,whichwasunexpected.他出國了,這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as)1.Onlytaketheseclothes______reallynecessary.1994A.aswereB.astheyareC.astheywereD.asare2._____isoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals.1994A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.As注意:定語從句中主謂一致問題:從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致。HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowEnglishwell.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsEnglishwell.(特殊)語法考點之五:狀語從句考點1:時間狀語從句連接詞:when,while,as,till/until,before,after,since,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,theminute,nosooner..thanhardly…when等(1)whenever1.Comeandseemewhenever_____.(1997)A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyou(2)Nosoonerthan/hardly..when/scarcely..when一.就..用于句首要求倒裝1.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_____thecoachleft.2009

A.whenB.asC.untilD.Than考點2:條件狀語從句連接詞:if,unlessso/aslongas,onconditionthat(條件是),as(so)faras(據(jù)..所知),providedthat(要是,如果),incase(假使,如果),onlyif(只有)等onlyif只有1.____bothsidesaccepttheagreement____alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.2004A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,wouldunless除非1.Youwon’tgetaloan______youcanoffersomesecurity.1996A.lestB.incaseC.unlessD.otherthan2.___Iwasverymuchmistaken,therewassomethingwrongwithLouise.1995A.UnlessB.AsC.ThoughD.Since考點3:原因狀語從句連接詞:Because,since,as(放句首),for,nowthat(既然,由于),when(既然),consideringthat(顧及到),seeingthat(由于),inthat因為,既然1.Mendifferfromanimals____theycanthinkandspeak.2008A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhich2.Barryhasanadvantageoverhismother____hecouldspeakFrench.(2001)A.sincethatB.inthatC.atthatD.sothat考點4:讓步狀語從句連接詞:though,although,as,evenif/though,whatever,however,wherever,while等引導(dǎo)。(1)while盡管1.______Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.2001A.aslongasB.asC.whileD.even(2)as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀從倒裝As/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,必須將表語、狀語或動詞原形提到as前面。Tryagainas/thoughhewill,hecan’tsucceed.此時應(yīng)注意:一、若提前的表語是沒有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,要省略不定冠詞;Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuchaboutthesociety.二、若提前的是動詞原形(多為不及物動詞),與之連用的通常是may,might,will,would等,這些詞都要保留在原來的位置上(主語后)。Swimas/thoughhecan,hecan’tswimsofar.三、as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一定要倒裝,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不一定要倒裝,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不要倒裝。四、讓步狀語從句中,有though,although時,后面的主句不能有but,但是though和yet可連用。1.Fool____Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.2010/2002A.whoB.asC.likeD.that2._________,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.2005A.AlthoughheisasocialistB.EvenifheisasocialistC.BeingasocialistD.SinceheisasocialistEvenif即使,讓步(3)muchas雖然,盡管1.____hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.2008A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch2._______IlikeeconomicsIlikesociologymuchbetter.2003A.AsmuchasB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Muchas3.____heneededmoneyforanewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank.(1998)A.MuchasB.MuchthoughC.AsmuchD.thoughmuch(4)forall+n盡管1._____,heisreadytoacceptsuggestionsfromdifferentsources.(1997)A.InsteadofhiscontributionsB.ForallhisnotablecontributionsC.HismakingnotablecontributionsD.Howeverhisnotablecontributions(5)however+adj./adv.1.____healwaystrieshisbesttocompleteitontime.(1999)A.HoweverthetaskishardB.HoweverhardthetaskisC.ThoughhardthetaskisD.Thoughhardisthetask考點5:地點狀語從句:where/wherever(wherever無論哪里)考點聚焦:地點狀語從句和where定語從句的區(qū)別:Tips:判斷是定語從句還是地點狀語從句,要看從句前是否有先行詞,有先行詞的是定語從句,否則是狀語從句??键c6:方式狀語從句1.Shedidherwork_____hermanagerhadinstructed.2002A.asB.untilC.whenD.though考點7:結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞:sothat(=inorderto),so…that,such…that(太…以至于)(1)somuchsothat到這樣程度以致…1.DoesAlanlikelimburgers?2003Yes.Somuch______thatheeatsthemeveryday.A.forB.asC.toD.so(2)suchthat達到這樣的程度以致1.Thebrillianceofhissatireswas_____makeevenhisvictimslaugh.1996A.soastoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthat考點8:目的狀語從句連接詞:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat(為了防止),lest(以防)1.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone__anopportunitytohearthespeech.2006A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhave語法考點之六:名詞從句一、、常見考點:考點1:主語從句(1)that引導(dǎo)主語從句句型:that引導(dǎo)的主語從句直接放在句首的較少,更常見的是用it作形式主語置于句首,而將that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句末,因此,下列都是常見的主語從句句型:1)Itis+過去分詞+that從句:Itisreportedthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itisgenerallythoughtthat…Itshouldbenotedthat…Ithasbeenfoundthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…同樣可用的動詞還有:say,expect,know,estimate,forecast2)Itis+形容詞+that從句:Itisclearthat…Itislikelythat…Itispossiblethat…Itisnaturalthat…Itiscertainthat…Itisstrangethat…Itisfortunatethat…Itisnecessarythat…3)Itis+名詞短語+that從句:Itisapitythat…Itisafactthat…Itisgoodnewsthat…Itisagoodthingthat…Itisnowonderthat…Itisashamethat…Itisanhonorthat…Itiscommonknowledgethat…Itismybeliefthat…Itisamiraclethat…4)It+不及物動詞+that從句:Itseemsthat…;Itfollowsthat…;Ithappensthat…;Itturnsoutthat…;Itcomesaboutthat…5)其他結(jié)構(gòu):Itdawnsupon/onsbthat…;Itoccurstosbthat…;Itmakesnodifferencethat…;Itdoesn’tneedtobebotheredthat…;Itisoflittleconsequencethat…(2)whether及連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句一般放在句首。考點2:賓語從句what/whatever/whoever/whomeverwhoever是人稱代詞的主格形式,一般在句子中作主語;whomever是人稱代詞的賓格形式,故一般作賓語。這兩個詞都等于thepersonthat。what/whatever等于thething(s)that。可以理解為“先行詞+that”。1._____thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.2009

A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However2.Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodo____liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthevictimsinthefloodstrickenarea.(2004)A.howeverB.whicheverC.whateverD.wherever3.Shemanagedtosave___shecouldoutofherwagestohelpherbrother.2002A.howlittlemoneyB.solittlemoneyC.suchlittlemoneyD.whatlittlemoneyShegavehimwhatmoneyshehad.Youmaybringwhatphotosyoulike.what用作關(guān)系形容詞,通常與表示少量含義的little,few連用(注:不能與表示多量含義的many,much連用),表示“雖然少,但把所有的都??”。例如:Thescholarspentwhatlittlemoneyhehadonbooks.IspentwhatlittletimeIhadwithmyfamily.IwillgivewhatlittlehelpIcan.“Itwasbuiltbyworkingmenandwomenwhodugintowhatlittlesavingstheyhadtogive$5and$10and$20tothecause.”4.After___seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.(1999)A.thatB.thereC.whatD.it5.Wecanassignthetaskto_____iscapableandtrustworthy.(1994)A.whomeverB.whoC.whomD.Whoever考點3:表語從句(1)表語從句通常是置于系動詞,尤其是is后邊。1.Qualityis____countsmost.2008A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where考點4:同位語從句(1)“名詞+that+陳述句”句型:(2)nodoubt+that/doubt+whether1.Thereisnodoubt____thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.(2001)A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when語法考點串講之七:主謂一致1)“就遠原則”:在“A+(with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,besides,like,including,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan)+B”結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與之B一致。1.MrWells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,____forEuropethisafternoon.2004A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.Leave2)就近原則:neither…nor…,(either)…or…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…等并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時采取就近原則:謂語動詞的數(shù)由與其最接近的那個主語的數(shù)決定。1.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because____goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.2003A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouare3)morethanone+n/Manya+n/EveryAandeveryB/NoAandnoB/oneandahalf+n謂語動詞用單數(shù)。注意:more復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone用復(fù)數(shù),Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.4)由and連接的多個成分,若表示一種事物或一種概念時,用單數(shù)動詞;若表示的是多個不同的概念時,則用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:breadandbutter,breadandcheese,aknifeandfork,acartandhorse,needleandthread,lawandorder,fishandchips,meatandpotatoes5)如果主語由“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時,表示一類人,為復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。6)people,police,cattle,militia是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,接動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Peoples指民族。sheep,deer,fish,means,aircraftworks單復(fù)數(shù)同形,動詞根據(jù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。7)常見的表示成對概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:pants,trousers,scissors,scales(天平),glasses,binoculars(雙筒望遠鏡),spectacles,bifocals(雙光眼鏡)。謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。8)形式上是復(fù)數(shù)(詞尾加s),但表示單數(shù)概念的詞,謂語用單數(shù)。Works(工廠)、gallows(絞刑架)、politics,statistics,measles,diabetes。若statistics不表示學(xué)科,而表示“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)”時,則需要復(fù)數(shù)。1.Thestatistics___thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.2006A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.prove9)書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。1.AllthePresident’sMen______oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.2007A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining10)“數(shù)量詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致只與可數(shù)名詞連用只接單數(shù)的EachEvery單數(shù)謂語只接復(fù)數(shù)的Acoupleof,Several,Anumberof復(fù)數(shù)謂語只與不可數(shù)名詞連用Agreatdealof,Alargeamountof單數(shù)謂語與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用均可Notany,Some,Alotof,Plentyof,Most,all,apairof接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞時用復(fù)數(shù)謂語;接不可數(shù)名詞時用單數(shù)謂語。語法考點之八:倒裝句考點1:全部倒裝(1)在以now,down,away,here,there等副詞開頭的句子里。Therestandsatalltreeinfrontofourschoolgate.Nowcomesyourturn.(2)表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時。考點2:部分倒裝(1)Only+狀語位于句首時Onlyinthiswaycanwemakegreatprogress.(2)否定副詞及短語位于句首時。

??嫉脑~或詞語有not,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,bynomeans,innotime等。1.Little_____aboutherownsafety,thoughsheherselfwasingreatdanger.2009

A.shecaredB.shemaycareC.mayshecareD.didshecare(3)so\neither\nor位于句首時。1.So+助動詞+主語:…也一樣。2.So+主語+助動詞:…確實如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情,兩件事情用soitis(thesame)withsb1.Itisgoingtobefinetomorrow._______.2009

A.Soisit.B.Soitis.C.Soitdoes.D.Sodoesit.3.Neither和Nor用于否定句,表示“也不,也沒有

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