新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語四UNIT4

Thecreditcardtrap1Ihaveaconfession.Severalyearsago,Iwasstandinginaqueuetocollectsometheatreticketsformyfamily,andmyfriendwasdoingthesameforhers.Igotmine,andpaidforthembycreditcard,feelingcontentedbytheconvenienceofthiscash-freetransaction.Itwasthenherturntopay.Thewholeoperationpassedassmoothlyasmine,butmydelightsoonturnedtoabjectshame.Mycreditcardwasafairlypathetic,status-freedarkblue,whereasherswasaveryexclusivegoldone.Text2

Howdidshedothis?Howcouldthisbe?Iknew

Iearnedmorethanher,mycarwasnewer,andmy

housewassmarter.Howdidshegettoappearmore

flashthanme?3

Now,Ihadajobwhichwasassteadyasanyjob

wasinthosedays–that'stosay,notvery,butyou

know,nocomplaints.Ihadamortgageonmyhouse,

butthenwhodidn't?Ipaidoffallmycreditdebtatthe

endofthemonth,soalthoughtechnically,Iwasindebt

tothecreditcardcompany,itwasonlyforamatterof

afewweeks.SoIassumedIhadagoodcreditrating.Text4

Callmesuperficial,andI'mnotproudof

myself,but

thereandthen,Iwassuddenlyjealousofmyfriend.I

decidedInolongerwantedabluecard.Iwantedagold

one.Agoldcardwassuddenlyindispensable,itwould

makemefeelgoodwithmyself,anddesirableto

others.5

SoIappliedforthemostdistinctive,shinygolden

cardthecompanyoffered.6

Iwasturneddown.Text7WhenIhadrecoveredfromtheshock,whichtookseveralseconds,Iaskedwhy.ItappearsthatbecauseIpaymycreditcardbillbothontimeandinfull,I'mnotthekindofpersonthattheywanttohavetheirgoldcreditcard.Theytargetpeoplewhoarepronetoimpulse-buying,andpotentiallybadcreditrisks,temptedtospendmorethantheyhave,andliabletofallbehindwithrepayments.Thentheycanchargethemmoreinterest,andearnmoremoney.That'sthewaytheydobusiness.Text8Sodoesthisexplainwhythecreditcardcompaniesareluring

impoverishedstudentswithunrealisticinterestrates,likemykids?9Threeweeksago,No.2daughtercamehomefromuniversityfortheweekend.She'sinhersecondtermofherfirstyear.Shehasastudentloanof￡3,000,likemostofherfriends,andasmallallowancefromherpoormother(ha!)fortransport,books,livingexpenses.

Shewearsclothesfromthelocalcharityshops,andrarelygoesout.Shehuggedme(neverusuallydoesthat)andthensaid,"Mum,Ineedtotalktoyou."Text10"Whatisit,darling?Tellmeeverything."11

"I'veappliedforacreditcard,andIneedsomeonetoactasaguaranteeforme.IsitOKifIputdownyourname?Thankssomuch,Mum,mustdash!Bye."

Text12

AfterI'dhauledherbackintothehouse,ittranspiredthatherbankhadwrittentoherofferingacreditcardatalowinterestforatrialthree-monthperiod,subjectto

suitability...andsoon.Herbank!Itrustedthem!TheyknowevenbetterthanIdohowbrokesheis.13Here'saseriousquestion.Whydotheycallthemcreditcardswhenitwouldbemoreaccuratetocallthemdebtcards?Text14

Here'sanevenmoreseriousstory.Anotherfriend's

daughter,Kelly,wasstudyingmodernlanguagesat

university,andspentayearoverseas.Atsomepointin

theyear,therewasachangeofprocedure,andKelly's

bankfailedtoallowhertoaccessherfundsinher

currentaccount,becausetherequestwasfromoutside

theUK.Naturally,therewasalengthycorrespondence

whileshetriedtosortthisout,sothedelayinbeing

abletoaccessherfundsmeantthatshewentintothe

red,andherdebtsbegantorisemorethan￡200above

theagreedlimitonheroverdraftof￡1,500.Text15

WhenKellygotbackhome,thebankchargedher

￡100forgoingoverthelimit,andinsistedshepaid￡30

amonthtobringthebalancebacktobelowherlimit.

Theyomittedtotellherthatshewasn'tactuallypaying

offthedebt,butonlytheexorbitantinterestonthe

overspendoftheoverdraft.16

SoKellyhadtoturntohercreditcardwhichshehad

usedsensiblyandsparinglyuntilthatpoint.Because

shewasastudent,andbecauseshedidn'tuseitmuch,

naturallyhercreditlimitwaslow.Text17

Andnotsurprisingly,

she

couldn't

pay

off

even

the

minimum

paymentonher

credit

card

bill.

So

there

were

not

onlybankTextchargesowing,butalsocreditcarddebtsandinterest.

Andofcourse,shewasrecordedasbeingabadcredit

risk.18

Thingsthenwentfrombadtoworse.Afewmonthsintoherfinalyear,thebanknotifiedherthatitwasgoingtoreduceheroverdraftfrom￡1,500to￡1,000.Theytoldhertoapplyforastudentloantocovertherest.Butwhentheloancompanydidacreditcheck,theydiscoveredthecarddebt.19

Guesswhat?Shedidn'tgettheloan.Text20

Thiswasadelightfulkidwhohadgreatrestraintwithherspendingandwaseconomicalaboutherlifestyle.Shedidn'tgoonspendingspreesbuyingnewshoes,andshedidn'tusehercreditcardasif(unlikeme)itwasafashionitem.Sheusedittobuyfood,tosurvive.21

Andwhathappened?Shehadtodropoutof

university.Text22

IwishtherewasahappyendingtoKelly'sstory,althoughmaybetherewillbe.Forthemoment,she'sworkinginthelocalsupermarket,andit'sprobablethatshe'llhaveanothergoatuniversitywhenshehaspaidoffherdebts.23

Sothisiswhatthebanksdo.Theysettrapswhich

appealtoourvanityandgreedandsometimestoour

basicneedforsurvival.Andthenwhenwefallintothe

traptheyshout"Gotyou!Didn'tyourealizeitwasa

trap?"Text24

Andherewearetoday,caughtinthecredit

crunch,withworldeconomiesinfreefall,allbecausethewicked

bankerssetustrapswhichwefellinto,attractinguswithendlesspublicityforloansofmoneywhicheventheydidn'thave!Itnowappearstheywereborrowingontheirownflashygoldcreditcardstoo.25

SoIhaveasolutiontothecreditcardtrap,andI

wantallofyoutolistentomeverycarefully.Text26

Iwantyouto

layout

allofyourcreditcardsinaline,takealargepairofscissorsandcutthemintosmallpieces.Thenputtheminanenvelopeandsendthemtoyourbank,withalettersaying(moreorless)"Itrustedyouandyoudeceivedme.You'vegotthewholeworldintothisridiculouscreditcardtrap,andifInowcutyourcardsinhalf,andtakeawayyourpotentialtotemptmoneyawayfromhonestpeoplelikeme,maybeitwillbeyourturntolearnwhatit'sliketorunoutofcash."Text27

Asforme,Idon'twantanymorecreditcards,nomorestatussymbols,nomorebadfeelingsaboutwishingIcouldshowhowsuperiorIamtoothers.I'mnotgoingtoyearnanymoreforwhatIcannotaffordorcannothave.Text信用卡陷阱1有一件事我得坦白。幾年前，我排隊(duì)為家人取戲票時(shí)，我的朋友也在為她的家人取票。我拿到了票，用信用卡付了賬，對(duì)這種非現(xiàn)金交易的便利感到很滿意。然后就輪到她付款了，整個(gè)交易也進(jìn)行得同樣順利，但我的高興勁兒很快就變成了莫大的羞恥：我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不顯示身份地位的深藍(lán)色卡，而她的信用卡則是高級(jí)的金卡。Text2她是怎樣弄到金卡的？怎么會(huì)這樣呢？我知道我掙得比她多，我的車比她的車新，我的家比她的家漂亮，她怎么看起來顯得比我光鮮呢？3

我有一份跟那時(shí)候任何工作相比還算安定的工作——雖然不是非常安定，不過我也沒什么可抱怨的。我是通過按揭貸款買的房子，可那會(huì)兒誰買房不貸款呢？我每個(gè)月底都付清信用卡欠款。所以，雖然從技術(shù)上講，我欠過信用卡公司的錢，但只是欠幾個(gè)星期而已。所以我認(rèn)為我的信用等級(jí)應(yīng)該很高。Text4你可以說我膚淺，而我也并不感到自豪。但就在當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)?，我突然非常嫉妒那位朋友，我決定不要藍(lán)色信用卡了，我要一張金卡。金卡突然變得不可或缺，它會(huì)讓我自我感覺良好，會(huì)讓別人覺得我更有魅力。5

于是，我去信用卡公司申請(qǐng)最特別、最耀眼的金卡。6

可是，我的申請(qǐng)被拒絕了。Text7過了幾秒鐘，我才從這個(gè)打擊中回過神來，我問自己為什么被拒絕。顯然，因?yàn)槲颐看味及磿r(shí)全額付清信用卡欠款，所以我不是他們想要的那種金卡客戶。他們的目標(biāo)客戶是那些隨時(shí)有購(gòu)物刷卡的沖動(dòng)、有潛在信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、經(jīng)不住誘惑超支消費(fèi)、并且經(jīng)常延期還款的人。這樣他們才有機(jī)會(huì)收取更多的利息，掙更多的錢，這就是他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)之道。Text8這能夠解釋為什么信用卡公司會(huì)用超低利率誘惑像我們家孩子那樣的窮大學(xué)生嗎?9三個(gè)星期前，我的二女兒回家過周末。她在讀大一第二學(xué)期。和她的大多數(shù)朋友一樣，她借了3,000英鎊的學(xué)生貸款，并從她可憐的媽媽（哈?。┠抢锏玫揭恍」P補(bǔ)貼，用于支付交通費(fèi)、書費(fèi)和生活費(fèi)用。她穿的衣服是從當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬粕痰曩I來的，并且她平時(shí)也很少出門。她擁抱了我(她以前從不擁抱我)，然后說：“媽媽，我有事要跟您商量?！盩ext10“親愛的，什么事啊？都說出來讓我聽聽?！?1“我申請(qǐng)了一張信用卡，需要保證人，我可以填您的名字嗎?非常感謝，媽媽，我得趕快走啦，再見?！盩ext12我費(fèi)了好大勁兒才把她從外面拽了回來。原來她的銀行來信告訴她說：她可以申請(qǐng)一張?jiān)囉闷跒槿齻€(gè)月的、能夠低息貸款的信用卡，只要滿足要求……如此云云。她的銀行！我才不相信他們！他們甚至比我更清楚，我的女兒一貧如洗。13這里存在一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題：準(zhǔn)確地說這種卡應(yīng)該叫債務(wù)卡，他們?yōu)槭裁匆Q其為信用卡呢？Text14還有一個(gè)更為嚴(yán)肅的故事。我一個(gè)朋友的女兒凱麗在大學(xué)攻讀現(xiàn)代語言，其中一年在國(guó)外留學(xué)。在留學(xué)那一年的某段時(shí)間，由于程序上的變動(dòng)，凱麗的銀行限制她在除英國(guó)之外的其他國(guó)家支取現(xiàn)金賬戶的資金。通過書信同銀行交涉的時(shí)間相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)，而未能及時(shí)支取賬戶資金使她欠了銀行的債，欠款額超過了透支額度（1,500英鎊）200多英鎊。Text15凱麗回國(guó)后，銀行因?yàn)樗Э哿怂?00英鎊，并堅(jiān)持要她每月支付30英鎊，以使她的支出能重新控制在透支額度之內(nèi)。但銀行沒有告訴她，每月支付的30英鎊并不是用來償清欠款，而只是支付超額透支的巨額利息。16因此凱麗不得不求助于信用卡。在此之前她在用信用卡時(shí)一直非常小心謹(jǐn)慎，并且也很少用信用卡。由于她是學(xué)生，又很少用信用卡，她的信用額度自然就比較低。Text17毫不奇怪，她甚至無法償還信用卡賬單的最小還款額。所以她不僅欠銀行手續(xù)費(fèi)，而且還欠信用卡的賬款及利息。當(dāng)然，她因此被銀行登記為信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的人。Text18事情越來越糟。大學(xué)最后一年剛過幾個(gè)月，銀行就通知她：她的透支額度由1,500英鎊減少到1,000英鎊。他們讓她申請(qǐng)學(xué)生貸款來填補(bǔ)缺口?？墒?，貸款公司檢查她的銀行信用時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了她的信用卡欠款。19猜猜結(jié)果如何？她沒有申請(qǐng)到學(xué)生貸款。Text20凱麗是個(gè)討人喜歡的孩子，消費(fèi)節(jié)制有度，生活節(jié)儉。她并沒有瘋狂刷卡買鞋子，也沒有把信用卡當(dāng)成時(shí)髦玩意兒（不像我），她只是用信用卡買食物等生活必需品。21結(jié)果怎樣呢？她不得不退學(xué)。Text22我希望凱麗的故事會(huì)有個(gè)好的結(jié)局，也許會(huì)有好結(jié)局的?，F(xiàn)在，她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患页泄ぷ?，等她還清債務(wù)后可能會(huì)繼續(xù)完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)。23這就是銀行的所作所為。他們常常利用我們的虛榮和貪婪，有時(shí)也利用我們生存的基本需求給我們?cè)O(shè)下陷阱。等我們掉進(jìn)陷阱時(shí)，他們就會(huì)大喊：“抓住你啦！你當(dāng)初沒想到這是個(gè)陷阱吧？”Text24這就是我們現(xiàn)在的處境。隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一落千丈，我們都處在信貸危機(jī)之中。所有這一切都是因?yàn)樾皭旱你y行家通過大量廣告推銷他們壓根就不存在的貸款來吸引我們，給我們?cè)O(shè)圈套。現(xiàn)在真相大白了：他們也在用自己手中金光閃閃的金卡借錢！25我有一個(gè)破解信用卡圈套的辦法，各位請(qǐng)仔細(xì)聽。Text26我要你們把所有的信用卡排成一排，拿一把大剪子把它們剪成碎片，然后把碎片裝進(jìn)信封寄回給銀行，并附上一封信，上面（或多或少地）寫上：“我信任你，可你卻欺騙了我。你讓全世界的人都鉆進(jìn)了這個(gè)荒謬的信用卡圈套。我把你的卡剪成了兩半，讓你再也不能像騙我這樣的老實(shí)人一樣去騙其他人的錢了，也許該讓你來體驗(yàn)一下身無分文的滋味了。”Text27至于我，我再也不想要信用卡了，也不要身份的象征了，也不用費(fèi)心思去炫耀我比別人優(yōu)越了。我再也不會(huì)奢望我買不起或我無法得到的東西了。TextWords&Phrasestransaction

abjectfairlypatheticexclusiveflashcomplaintriskpotentiallyproneshinydistinctivedesirableindispensablenaturallyoverseasbrokesuitabilitytranspirehugunrealisticcreditratingsuperficialjealousimpoverishedlureliableomitoverdraftcorrespondenceWords&Phrasesexorbitant

overspendsensiblysparinglynotifydelightfulrestraintflashypublicitybankerwickedcrunchgreedvanityeconomicalspreeprobableyearndeceiveWords&Phrasesinfullputdownittranspired(that)into/outoftheredomittodosth.gofrombadtoworselayouttransaction

n.[C]

(fml)theactionorprocessofbuyingorsellingsth.交易；買賣e.g.1.Thesecurityofelectroniccommerceconsistsofnetworksecurityandbusinesstransactionsecurity.電子商務(wù)安全包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和商務(wù)交易安全。2.Wehavefinallyconcludedthetransactionthroughnegotiation.經(jīng)過談判，我們終于達(dá)成了這筆交易。3.Buyingahouseisanimportanttransactionformostpeople.買房子對(duì)大多數(shù)人來講都是件重要的事。Words&Phrasesabject

a.(fml)complete:usedforemphasizinghowbad,unpleasant,orsevereasituationorconditionis

完全的（用于強(qiáng)調(diào)非常糟糕、不愉快或嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì)或條件）e.g.1.Inaslum,peopleliveinabjectpoverty.在貧民區(qū)，人們生活在赤貧之中。2.Thispolicyhasturnedouttobeanabjectfailure.這一政策最后以慘敗而告終。3.Hisletterplungedherintoabjectmisery.他的信使她陷入極度痛苦之中。Words&Phrasesfairly

ad.1)toquiteahighdegree;toanacceptableextent

相當(dāng)，很；還算e.g.1.Sheseemedfairlyphilosophicalabouttheloss.她對(duì)所受損失似乎還算看得開。2.She’sfairlyresponsivetonewideas.她相當(dāng)愿意接受新觀念。3.Iwasfairlycertainshehadnothingtodowiththeaffair.我相當(dāng)肯定她與此事無關(guān)。2)honestly;withjustice

公平地；公正地e.g.Ithinkhewasquitefairlytreatedbythepolice.我認(rèn)為警察對(duì)他非常公正。Words&Phrasespathetic

a.1)uselessornoteffectiveinanannoyingway

差勁的；沒用的；令人生厭的e.g.Moneyandfineclothescouldnotmendthesedefectsorcoverthemup;theyonlymadethemthemoreglaringandthemorepathetic.金錢和漂亮衣服都不能彌補(bǔ)這些缺點(diǎn)，也不能把它們掩飾起來；反而使這些缺點(diǎn)更刺眼、更討厭。2)ifsomeoneorsth.looksorsoundspathetic,youfeelsympathyforthem

可憐的；令人同情的e.g.Itwaspathetictowatchherconditiondeterioratedaybyday.看著她的健康狀況日益惡化，真是可憐。Words&Phrasesexclusive

a.1)veryexpensive,andthereforeavailableonlytopeoplewhohavealotofmoney

高檔的；奢華的e.g.1.Thetennisclubhasanexclusivemembership.這家網(wǎng)球俱樂部的成員都是些有錢人。2.BelAirisanexclusivesuburbofLosAngeles.貝萊爾是洛杉磯郊外一處高級(jí)住宅區(qū)。2)limitedtoaparticularperson,thing,orgroupandnotsharedwithothers

專用的；獨(dú)有的e.g.ThisbathroomisforthePresident'sexclusiveuse.這浴室是總統(tǒng)專用的。Words&Phrases3)publishedorreportedbyonlyonenewspaper,magazine,televisionstationetc

（報(bào)紙或雜志的）獨(dú)家報(bào)道的，獨(dú)家專文的e.g.1.ThereporterhadanexclusiveinterviewwiththeNobelprizewinner.那位記者獨(dú)家采訪了那位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主。2.ThestoryisexclusivetoWashingtonPost.《華盛頓郵報(bào)》獨(dú)家報(bào)導(dǎo)了這個(gè)故事。Words&Phrasesflash

a.(infml)ifsomeoneisflash,theyownexpensivethingsinordertoshowhowmuchmoneytheyhave

奢華的，炫耀的，顯擺的（通常表示不喜歡這樣的人）e.g.1.Hehasabigflashcarathisdisposal.他有一輛闊氣的大車子供他使用。2.Chrisdidn'twanttoseemflashinfrontofhismates.克里斯不想在他的同伴面前顯得是在擺闊。Seealso:flashy.Words&Phrasescomplaint

n.1)[C]awrittenorspokenstatementinwhichsomeonesaystheyarenotsatisfiedwithsth.

訴苦的話；怨言；牢騷e.g.1.Shelodgedacomplaintagainstthewaiterabouthispoorservicewiththerestaurantmanager.她向餐廳經(jīng)理投訴這名服務(wù)員的惡劣服務(wù)。2.Ihaveno

complaints

aboutthequalityofhiswork,butIdon'tenjoyhiscompany.

我并不是抱怨他的工作質(zhì)量，而是不喜歡和他一起工作。Words&Phrases2)[U]theactof

complaining

投訴；意見e.g.1.Whatarethegroundsforcomplaint?你提的意見有什么證據(jù)？2.Weacceptyourjustifiedcomplaintforimproperpackingandagreetoreplacethedamagedpieces.我們接受你方關(guān)于包裝不善的正當(dāng)投訴，并同意調(diào)換損壞的貨物。3.Hewhomakesconstantcomplaintgetslittlecompassion.

[諺]經(jīng)常訴苦，少人同情。Wordfamily:complain

v.Words&Phrasescreditrating

n.[C]financialinformationaboutsomeonethatabankorshopusesfordecidingwhethertolendthemmoneyortogivethemcredit

信用評(píng)價(jià)；信用等級(jí)e.g.1.Ifyourcreditratingispoorthelendermayrefuseyoucredit.如果你的信用等級(jí)不佳，貸方就可能拒絕你的貸款申請(qǐng)。2.Itisveryimportanttosetuptheindividualcreditratingsystem.建立個(gè)人信用體系非常重要。Words&Phrasessuperficial

a.1)shallow,lacking

substance

（思想）淺薄的，缺乏深度的e.g.1.Herspeechwassuperficialandfullofgeneralities.她的發(fā)言既膚淺又空泛。2.Thesearesuperficialpolicychangesthathelpnoone.

這些政策上的變化太膚淺，幫助不了任何人。2)affectingorinvolvingonlythesurfaceoroutsidepartofsth.表面的，表皮的e.g.Sunburnisaninflammationofthesuperficiallayersoftheskin.曬傷是皮膚表皮的一種炎癥。Words&Phrasesjealousa.(~of)unhappybecausesomeonehassth.thatyouwouldlikeorcandosth.thatyouwouldliketodo

妒忌的；妒羨的e.g.1.Theyareinherentlyjealousandsuspicious.他們與生俱來地善妒和多疑。2.Beingonguardagainstthosewhoarejealousofyoursuccess.要提防那些嫉妒你成功的人。Wordfamily:jealousy

n.Words&Phrasesindispensable

a.difficultorimpossibletoexistwithoutortodosth.without

不可缺少的；必不可少的e.g.1.Fertilesoilisindispensableforagriculture.肥沃土壤對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)而言是不可或缺的。2.Manypeoplefindcoffeeinthemorningindispensable.好多人覺得早晨喝一杯咖啡是不可缺少的。Wordfamily:indispensabilityn.Words&PhrasesChoosethebestanswer.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay____rolesinraisingchildren.(CET4-2002-01)A)incapable B)indispensableC)insensible D)infiniteWords&PhrasesBdesirable

a.sth.thatisdesirablehasqualitiesthatmakeyouwantit

令人向往的；吸引人的e.g.1.Thehousehasadesirablelocationwithaviewofthelake.那所房子的地點(diǎn)讓人神往，有一片湖景。2.Nothingcouldbemoredesirablethanforthembothtogetjobsinthiscity.要是他倆都能在這座城市找到工作，那就再好不過了。Wordfamily:desirev.

desirabilityn.

Words&Phrasesdistinctive

a.characteristicofonepersonorthing,andsoservingtodistinguishitfromothers

與眾不同的；特殊的；特別的；有特色的e.g.1.Thepackagingshouldbemodernanddistinctive.其包裝應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)代的、獨(dú)特的。2.Saturnisknownforitsdistinctiverings.土星以其與眾不同的光環(huán)而出名。Wordfamily:distinctivelyad.Cf.

Distincthandwritingisclearwriting;distinctivehandwritingiswritingyoudon'tconfusewithsomeoneelse's.Words&PhrasesCf.

distinct

a.clearlydifferentorbelongingtoadifferenttype

明顯不同的，截然不同的，不同種類的Fillintheblankswithdistinctive,distinctivelyordistinct.

1.Fund-raisingisa___________Americanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.(CET4-2009-12)籌募資金的活動(dòng)是美國(guó)的獨(dú)特事物，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的學(xué)校主要依賴于捐款運(yùn)營(yíng)。2.Silkis________fromrayonineveryrespect.真絲在各個(gè)方面都跟人造絲截然不同。3.Hehasa__________appearance,youcanrecognizehimeasily.他的外貌有顯著的特征，你能輕易地認(rèn)出他。Words&Phrasesdistinctivelydistinctdistinctiveshiny

a.sth.thatisshinyhasabrightsurfacethatreflectslight

（表面）發(fā)亮的，閃光的e.g.1.Whatshinyshoesyou'rewearing!

你穿的鞋子可真亮?。?.Thecastlelookedshinyandbeautifulunderthefireworks.在焰火中城堡顯得既閃耀又美麗。Wordfamily:shinev.

Words&Phrasesprone

a.(~to)likelytodosth.orbeaffectedbysth.,especiallysth.bad

有……傾向的；可能受……影響的e.g.1.Somepeoplearepronetohastyconclusions.有些人往往作出輕率的結(jié)論。2.Peoplearemorepronetomakemistakeswhentheyaretired.人們疲勞時(shí)更容易出差錯(cuò)。3.Heispronetolosehistemperwhenpeopledisagreewithhim.

人家一不同意他的意見，他就發(fā)脾氣。

Words&Phrasespotentially

ad.possiblytrueinthefuture,butnottruenow

可能地；潛在地e.g.1.Potentiallyhigherwagesmayworseninflationarypressure.高薪水有可能會(huì)加劇通貨膨脹的壓力。2.Navajoremainedpotentiallyvaluableascodeevenafterthewar.戰(zhàn)后，納瓦霍語在加密方面仍有潛在價(jià)值。3.Aretheypotentiallyharmfultotheconsumeroftheplant?

它們對(duì)該植物的食用者是否有潛在的危害？Words&Phrasesrisk

n.[C]apersonorcompanyconsideredaccordingtohowsafeitistolendthemmoneyorgivetheminsuranceorcredit

貸款對(duì)象；保險(xiǎn)對(duì)象e.g.1.Driversunder21areregardedaspoorrisksbyinsurancecompanies.不滿21歲的駕駛者被保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)為是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)對(duì)象。2.Lenderslookatyourscoretoquicklydecideifyouareagoodorbadrisktolendcreditto.貸方根據(jù)你的分?jǐn)?shù)來判斷為你提供貸款的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是高或低。Words&Phrasesliable

a.(~todosth.)

likelytodosth.badorunpleasant

易出問題的e.g.1.Yourstatementisliabletocausemisunderstanding.你的話容易引起誤會(huì)。2.Inadepressionbanksareliabletofail.在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條期間，銀行很可能倒閉。Choosethebestanswer.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems___towardsbrightstudents.(CET4-2000-06)A)partial B)beneficialC)preferable D)liableWords&PhrasesAlure

vt.&n.1)vt.persuadesomeonetodosth.bymakingitlookveryattractive

引誘；誘惑e.g.U.S.biologistshopetolurewaywardwhalesbacktoPacificOcean.美國(guó)生物學(xué)家希望誘導(dǎo)迷路鯨群回到太平洋。2)n.[C]sth.thatattractssomeonetoasituationthattheymaywishtheyhadavoided

誘惑；誘惑物e.g.Helefthomebecauseoftheluresofthelifeinthecity.由于受到城市生活的誘惑，他離開了家。Words&Phrasesimpoverished

a.animpoverishedpersonorplaceisverypoor

貧困的；赤貧的e.g.1.Theimpoverishedfamilysubsistedoncharity.

那個(gè)貧窮的家庭靠救濟(jì)金過日子。

2.Moneyandfoodweresenttotheimpoverisheddroughtvictims.人們給干旱中貧困的災(zāi)民送去了救濟(jì)金和糧食。Wordfamily:

impoverish

vt.

Words&Phrasesunrealistic

a.basedonhopesorwishes,andnotonwhatislikelyorpossible

不現(xiàn)實(shí)的；不可能的e.g.1.Wenevercherishanyunrealisticfanciesaboutthosedesperatecriminals.我們對(duì)那些亡命的罪犯從來不抱任何不切實(shí)際的幻想。2.TheythinktheBarbieDollportrayswomeninanunrealisticandunhealthyway.他們認(rèn)為芭比娃娃以既不真實(shí)、又不健康的方式來詮釋女性。Antonym:

realisticWords&Phraseshug

v.&n.1)v.putyourarmsroundsomeonetoshowyourloveorfriendship

擁抱；緊抱（表示愛或友誼）e.g.Hehurriesdownthegangplanktohughiswaitingwife.他急忙走下跳板，去擁抱他那等待著的妻子。2)n.[C]theactionofputtingyourarmsaroundsomeoneandholdingthemtightlytoshowloveorfriendship

擁抱；緊抱（表示愛或友誼）e.g.Thetwofriendsgreetedeachotherwithbearhugs.兩個(gè)老朋友見面時(shí)互相熱烈擁抱。Words&Phrasestranspire

vi.(fml)happen

發(fā)生e.g.1.Nothingisknownasyetaboutwhattranspiredatthemeeting.會(huì)議上發(fā)生了什么還不得而知。2.Wedonotknowwhatmaytranspirewhenwehaveanewboss.當(dāng)新老板來后，我們不知會(huì)有什么發(fā)生。Seealso:ittranspired(that).Words&Phrasessuitability

n.[U]thedegreetowhichsomeoneorsth.issuitableforaparticularjoborpurpose

適合；適宜；適當(dāng)e.g.1.Hissuitabilityforthepostisopentoquestion.他是否適合這一職位還有待商榷。2.FieldevaluationoftwoselectedtechnologyoptionswasconductedtoconfirmtheirsuitabilityandreliabilityforapplicationinHongKong.對(duì)兩種選定的技術(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)地評(píng)估，以確定它們?cè)谙愀蹜?yīng)用是否適合和可靠。Wordfamily:

suitable

a.Words&Phrasesbroke

a.(infml)(be~)lackingfunds一文不名的；破產(chǎn)的e.g.1.Iwascleanbrokeinlessthantwodays.不到兩天，我身上的錢花得精光。2.Pollymustbeoutofhermindtomarrythatmanwhoisbroke.波莉一定是瘋了，才會(huì)跟那個(gè)一文不名的男人結(jié)婚。3.Thecompanywentbrokelastyear.

這家公司去年倒閉了。Words&Phrasesoverseas

ad.&a.1)ad.

toorinacountryacrossthesea

在國(guó)外；向海外e.g.1.Hespentquitealotoftimeworkingoverseas.他在海外工作了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。2.Thefilmhasrocketedoverseas.這部電影迅速傳到了國(guó)外。2)a.happeningorexistinginacountryacrosstheseafromyourcountry（在）海外的；（在）國(guó)外的e.g.Weenjoyedtheoverseastravel.我們喜歡去國(guó)外旅行。Words&Phrasesnaturally

ad.1)asmostpeoplewouldexpectorunderstand

當(dāng)然；自然地e.g.1.Thatquestionnaturallysuggesteditself.那個(gè)問題很自然地在腦中出現(xiàn)。2.Naturally,Ihopedforthebest.我當(dāng)然希望最好的結(jié)果。2)inanormalortypicalmanner

自如地；不做作地e.g.Trytoactnaturallyinfrontofthecamera.

在鏡頭前盡量自然些。Wordfamily:

natural

a. naturen.Words&Phrasescorrespondence

n.[sing,U]

theprocessofwritingandreceivingletters

通信；通信聯(lián)系e.g.1.Ihavefallenbehindwithmycorrespondence.我有一些信件沒有及時(shí)作復(fù)。2.HisEnglishwastaughtbycorrespondence.他的英語是靠函授學(xué)習(xí)的。3.Sherefusedtoenterintocorrespondencewithhim.她拒絕跟他通信。Wordfamily:

correspond

v.Words&Phrasesoverdraft

n.[C]

anamountyourbankallowsyoutoborrowwhenyouhavenomoneyleftinyouraccount;adeficitinabankaccountcausedbydrawingmoremoneythantheaccountholds透支額；透支e.g.1.Youcanhavea$1000overdraftonthisaccount.這個(gè)帳戶可以透支1000美金。2.Itakeoutanoverdrafttopayformynewcar.我用透支的錢買新車。3.Anoverdraftresultedwhena$1000chequewasdrawnagainstonly$900intheaccount.當(dāng)賬戶上只有900美元時(shí)你支取1000美元，那就造成了透支。Words&Phrasesomit

vt.failtoincludesomeoneorsth.,eitherdeliberatelyorbecauseyouforget

疏忽；省略；遺漏e.g.1.I'llnotwishtoomitthisvaluablebookfrommyreading.我可不愿漏看這本有價(jià)值的書。2.Everydutywhichweomitobscuressometruthwhichweshouldhaveknown.每個(gè)忽略的責(zé)任里都隱含著我們應(yīng)該明白的一些真理。Wordfamily:omission

n.Seealso:omittodosth..Words&Phrasesexorbitant

a.anexorbitantpriceoramountofmoneyismuchmorethanisreasonable

（價(jià)格或金額）過高的，不合理的e.g.1.Thebiologistdecidedtotryoutthatexorbitantdevice.生物學(xué)家決定試用那套昂貴的設(shè)備。2.Thatseasidehotelchargesexorbitantpricesduringthesummerholidays.那家海濱旅館在夏天休假期間漫天要價(jià)。Wordfamily:

exorbitance

n.Words&Phrasesoverspend

n.&v.1)n.[sing]anextraamountthatyoushouldnothavespent

超支額e.g.AtthenextmeetingIintendtoaskthetreasurertoaccountpubliclyfortheoverspendonhisexpensesallowance.在下次會(huì)議上我想讓會(huì)計(jì)當(dāng)眾解釋他津貼支出的超額部分。2)v.spendmoremoneythanyoushouldormorethanyouintendedto

（使）超支e.g.Theyareencouragedtooverspendandborrowmoney.有人鼓勵(lì)他們超支和借款。Words&Phrasessensibly

ad.inasensibleway

合理地；明智地sensiblea.reasonable,practical,andshowinggoodjudgment明智的，合理的，實(shí)際的e.g.1.There’salottobesaidforeatingsensibly.飲食合理的好處不勝枚舉。2.Theysensiblyinvestedtheirprizemoneyratherthanspendingit.他們明智地把獎(jiǎng)金用于投資而不是花掉。3.Sometimesturningtailistheonlysensiblethingtodo.有時(shí)出逃是唯一明智之舉。Wordfamily:

sensibility

n.Words&Phrasessparingly

ad.insmallquantities

少量地e.g.1.Thisexpensivespicewasusedonlysparinglyincooking.這種價(jià)格不菲的調(diào)味品僅在烹調(diào)時(shí)少量地使用。2.Ilivednearayearuponthemoney,spendingverysparingly,andekingthingsouttotheutmost.

我就靠著這點(diǎn)錢，克勤克儉，七拼八湊地幾乎過了一年。

Wordfamily:

sparing

a.e.g.Wemustbesparingwithourresources.我們必須節(jié)約使用資源。Words&Phrasesnotify

rmsomeoneofficiallyaboutsth.通知；告知；報(bào)告e.g.1.Theywillnotifyherwhentoappearincourt.他們將通知她何時(shí)出庭。2.AnyinfectiousdiseasemustbenotifiedatoncetotheHealthMinistry.出現(xiàn)任何傳染性疾病都必須馬上通知衛(wèi)生部。Wordfamily:

notification

n.Words&Phrasesdelightful

a.verypleasantorattractive

令人愉快的；討人喜歡的；迷人的；漂亮的e.g.1.Thewindblewdelightfulodorsfromthepineforests.風(fēng)從松林中吹來陣陣沁人的芳香。2.Peterplayedadelightfulmelodyonhisflute.彼得用笛子吹奏了一支歡快的曲子。3.Hewasamostdelightfulcompanion,fullofwitandhumour.

他是一個(gè)很惹人喜愛的伴侶，十分機(jī)智幽默。Wordfamily:

delight

n.Words&Phrasesrestraint

n.[U]thelimitorcontroloftheexpressionofstrongemotionoropinion

控制；抑制；克制e.g.1.Hisaffectionswerekeptundercontinualrestraint.他的感情一直受到壓抑。2.Hegavehimselfuptoevilwithoutrestraint.他胡作非為，肆無忌憚。self-restraint

n.[U]theabilitytostopyourselfdoingorsayingsomething,eventhoughyouwantto,becauseitismoresensiblenottodoorsayit自我克制，自我約束e.g.TheUNappealedforbothsidestoexerciseself-restraint.Words&Phrases聯(lián)合國(guó)呼吁雙方要自我克制。economical

a.notcostingorspendingmuchmoney

不浪費(fèi)的；節(jié)約的e.g.1.Ihavetobuyamoreeconomicalstove.我得買一個(gè)更節(jié)省燃料的火爐。2.Theinventionofdieselenginesenabledtransportationtobecomemoreeconomical.柴油機(jī)的發(fā)明使交通運(yùn)輸更經(jīng)濟(jì)了。Cf.

economic

a.relatingtotrade,industry,andthemanagementofmoney

經(jīng)濟(jì)上的Words&PhrasesFillinth