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2018
年
12
月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題完整版(第
3套)
PartI
Writing
(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
髏璽蠱浹嫗狀釔鷲囅鏘鄖鋯覦會(huì)蹌。PartⅡ ListeningComprehension (25minutes)
PartⅢ ReadingComprehension (40minutes)
摻鼉鉉騅試莧涇試倀謐癆韋亞黨蕎。SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
騖鑰崢碭櫚鮒許騶鉺磚詠嶸溫詰傘。Haveyoueverusedemailtoapologizetoacolleague?Delivereda26toasubordinate(下屬)withavoice-mailmessage?Flownbyplaneacrossthecountryjusttodeliverimportantnewsinperson?Thevariouscommunicationoptionsatourfingertipstodaycanbegoodfor27andproductivityandatthesametimeverytroublesome.Withsomanywaystocommunicate,howshouldamanagerchoosethe
onethat’sbest28whenthemessagetobedeliveredisbadorunwelcomenewsfortherecipient?We’ve29businesscommunicationconsultantsandetiquette(禮儀)expertstocomeupwiththefollowingguidelinesfor30usingthealterativewaysofdeliveringdifficultmessages.鱘輊紺隕韻賒盤惻躪銨趨電饜驃賦。Firstofall,choosehowpersonalyouwanttobe.Aface-to-facecommunicationis
themost31.Otherchoices,indescendingorderofpersonalization,are:areal-timephonecall,avoice-mailmessage,ahandwrittennote,atypewrittenletter,andthe
most32isemail.Someofthesemaychangeorderaccordingtothe33situationoryourownpreferences;forexample,ahandwrittennotemightseemmorepersonalthanvoicemail.Howdoyoudecideonthebestchoiceforthedifficultmessageyou’vegottodeliver?“My34concernis:HowcanIsoftenorcivilizethismessage?”saysetiquetteexpertDanaCasperson.“SowhenIapologize,Iusuallychoosein-personfirst,oraphoneconversationasmytopalternative,andmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally35.”鶘頜釁鱘顎監(jiān)鍍鈉燜兌緙親凜鰍踐。A)avoidE)intimateI)rewardM)unfriendlyB)convenienceF)particularlyJ)silentN)warningC)effectivelyG)primaryK)specificO)witnessedD)escapeH)promptL)surveyedSectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChef?
ThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseeintheshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakery,strainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.
HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCareme,andhehadappeared,oneday,almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetime,whichendedexactly181yearsagotoday,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood(美食)writebest-sellingcookbooksand
thinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.
Careme’schildhoodwasoneparttragedy,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither1783or1784,ayoungCaremewassuddenly
abandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworkedasakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomeanapprentice(學(xué)徒)toSylvainBailly,awell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessful
bakeryinoneofParis ’smostfashionableneighborhoods.
Caremewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.CaremewouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecture.Inthebackroomof
thelittlebakery,hisinterestindesignandhisbakingtalentcombinedtoworkwondersheshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflour,butterandsugar.黲誥審俁畫(huà)偉鈀戀蘇荊鎘頎襲奮嘰。[E]Inhisteenageyears,Caremefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcenturymostfamousbuildingscookiesintheshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaster,displayedtheseluxuriantcreationsoftenaslargeas4feettallinhisbakerywindows.
[F]CaremecreationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomat,繞縱貝壚輥鰈噸綈?ài)櫊﹦e拋靜纈罵。
CharlesMauricedeTalleyrand-Perigord.Around1804,TalleyrandchallengedCaremetoproduceafullmenuforhisPersonalcastle,instatingeyoungbakertouselocalseasonfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand’associationwithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionforCareme.
FrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18thcenturycooking,butunderpressuretoentertainParishighsociety,hetoocalledCaremetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810,CaremedesignedtheextraordinarycakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,
Marie-luiseofAustria.Hebecameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusonthe
畢鯊嫗噯冊(cè)兌鄴爺穎罌讖電滿邐聵。appearanceofhistable,notjusttheflavorofhisdishes.“Iwantorderandtaste,displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes,”helaterwroteinoneof
hiscookbooks
[H]In1816,Caremebeginaculinary(烹飪的)journeywhichwouldforevermark
hisplaceashistory’sfirsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprinceregent(攝政王)GeorgeIV,andcrossedcontinentstoprepare
grandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderIofRussia.Neverafraidtotalkuphisownaccomplishments,boastfulCarememadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimself,sothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognizeandadmirehim.
Careme’scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywere
plentiful,beautifulandimposing.GuestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarriedCareme’sfancycreationsintothedininghall.ForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDuke
NicholasofRussia ’svisittoGeorgeIV ’sBrightonPaviliononJan.18,1817,themenu
featured120differentdishes,highlightingeightdifferentsoups40maincourses,and32desserts
Ashetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobility,CaremeforgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.Lockedinhotkitchens,Caremecreatedhisfour“mothersauces.”Thesesaucesbechamel,veloute,espagnoleandallemande
formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfected
thesouffl éabakedeggdish,andintroducedthestandardchef ’suniformthes
double-breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymanychefstoday.Thewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCaremeandinhisrealm,appearancewaseverything.
Betweenmeals,CaremewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsincludingTheRoyalParisianBakerandthemassive癩縵貫鄧氫櫳誦賻闔獲薊鰈諞鯡訴。five-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries(1833-1847completedafterhisdeath)firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcooking,completewithdrawingsandstep-by-stepdirections.Longbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Caremewalkedreadersthrough
commonkitchentasks,instructingthemto“trythisforyourself,athome”asfaAmericanChefJulliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater,
Intheend,however,itwasthekitchenthatdidCaremein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintight,closedspaceswithlittlefreshair(toensurehisdisheswouldnotget責(zé)餃蠻鑄箋剛誹轢樁嚴(yán)鉺烴嫗衛(wèi)墾。
cold)hadfatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Caremediedjustbeforeheturned50.齠靚愴鉦摑諛囀藝穡攆窮執(zhí)聲邁門。[M]Butinhislifetime,Careme,everconfident,couldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“setthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,andprovetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19thcenturywere
themostfamousintheworld, ”ashewroteinhispapers
漿齪誣額討綠鎩鑿潛蝦繭濟(jì)楓櫸審。Caremewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.
CaremewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremost
outstandingintheworld.
CaremebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.
CaremelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.
Careme’screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster..
Careme’sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredient.
ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCareme.
Caremebecomeextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.
Careme’swritingdealtwithfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.
Careme’scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.
SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
撓鴻鷯續(xù)綈浹賊鼉嘔諦籩鑊貳價(jià)鍶。PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Roughlythesizeofasodacansittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturningfriendsawayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycamera,adevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveon
houseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey’rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether?
“It’scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasierto
install, says”LizziePost,presidentoftheEmilyPostInstitute,America foremost’鏌廂綜鵑鎣撳紛閥羥嘸鯧丟說(shuō)幘躦。mannersadvisors.“Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette(禮儀)
emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhether
guestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit'snotasecurityissue.
Postwantstomakeclearthatshesnottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonal話師摯奩繕頓趨諤朧熾鋦節(jié)鵓圇鶘。
”
preferences.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnowbecoming緒紛鄒綞擔(dān)礎(chǔ)躊還銫鶘圓銻襤臠壽。mainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutedoesn ’tdictatemanners.
Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit ’sahost ’sresponsibilitytomak
sureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome. “I’malwaysafanofbeingopenand
honest.”Forinstance,ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.
However,ifacontractorisworkinginyourhome,youdon ’tneedtotellthemtha
therearecameraswatching.Thenagain,theairofaccountabilitythatthecamera
generatescanalsoworkincontractors ’favor, “Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey
inthehouse,theydon ’twanttobeblamedforit, ”shesays. “Infact,thecamer
bethethingthatprovesthattheydidn ’tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.
賴勱嶇應(yīng)燙葒鍋誣惡躋藶頗濾滬憤。Forwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhome?A)Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.
B)Theydon’twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.C)Thesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.D)Theymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembers
飯緣嚕擇癮餼塊鈍眾漁琿國(guó)鏈憂鰓。WhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritory?
Theeffectofmannersadvice
Costofapplyingnewtechnologiesathome
Theincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevices
Etiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.
礬氈鑲諸覡溝襉軛燾鋌撈著銜瀝歟。48.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycameras?
Legalrights
Moralissues
Likesanddislikesofindividuals.
Thepossibleimpactonmanners.
Whatisahost’sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePost?A)Makingtheirguestsfeelatease
B)IndicatingwheretheyareC)Turningthemoffintime.
D)Ensuringtheirguests ’privacy.
詣鎮(zhèn)藹贅紱鵬嶧濃鈔蔥闕現(xiàn)齬藺鎊。Inwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhome?A)Itcansatisfytheircuriosity.
Itcanprovetheirinnocence.
Itcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.
Itcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.綃搖競(jìng)則駐繩鈦欏數(shù)劌誆銃綬篳溈。PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
纈擊輕鱒廣蕪矚龕滅濰喚習(xí)轔閫錆。PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic(流行病).
ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredientsPepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.
Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat36.5%overallintheUS.
IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwas
importantforthecompany’sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers’lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的)notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo’scontributionwastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.
Societyhastochangeitshabits,sheadded.“Wecan’tdomuchtoaltersedentarlifestyles,butwecanprovideconsumerswithgreat-tastingproducts,lowinsalt,sugar
andfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwerebreakingthattrade-off.
PepsiCo’plansforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorld
HealthOrganization,whichlastweekbackedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,waterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby2025.
PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyhowmuchitplannedtoinvesttoreachitsgoals.However,Dr.MehmoodKhan,chiefscientificofficer,saidthecompanyhaddoubledresearchanddevelopmentspendinginthepastfiveyearsandwas“committedto
sustaininginvestment”,addingthatcompaniescannotcost-cuttheirwaytoincreasingsales
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