2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Wehavebeenhearing______accountsofyourwork.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.favoredB.favorableC.favoriteD.favoring2.單選題Summerholidaysspentonthehotghettostreetsare()hetimemiddle-classstudentsdevotetocamps,exoticvacationsandhighlyorganizedsports.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ashardlyculturallyenrichingasB.ashardlyenrichingcultureasC.hardlyasculturallyenrichingasD.hardlyasculturalenrichingas3.單選題Thereisaconspicuouslackofpublicdebateabouthowthisinsularcountryshould______therealitythatmoreimmigrantsarecomingandthatthosealreadyherearechangingJapan.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.abidebyB.accountforC.actonD.adjustto4.單選題ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfelt（）inventionasathreattohiswayoflife.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.anyconcernwithB.anyconcernaboutC.anyconcerninD.anyconcernat5.單選題Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.raiseB.riseC.ariseD.increase6.單選題Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.neednothavedressedupB.mustnothavedressedupC.didnotneedtodressupD.mustnotdressup7.單選題Studentsattheseschoolstestfarbelowthestateaverageinreading,andtheirscoreshaveimprovedonly().問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.marginallyB.marvelouslyC.martiallyD.markedly8.單選題ThehospitaldeniesthereisanyconnectionbetweenthedisciplinaryactionandDr.Reid's()abouthealthproblems.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.allegianceB.allianceC.allegationsD.alliteration9.單選題（）sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostofthetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.AsB.ForC.WhileD.Although10.單選題Couplesblessedwithstrengthandaggression（）looksarebetteroffhavingboys,asthesecharacteristicsareofmoreusetomales.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.otherthanB.ratherthanC.rathertooD.inspiteof11.單選題()thatshouldbegivenpriorityto.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ItisthecommitteehasdecidedB.ItisonlythecommitteehasdecidedC.ItiswhatthecommitteehasdecidedD.Itiswhathasthecommitteedecided12.單選題Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible，but，untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever)；“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks)；and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians（）.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”？4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause（）5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.calledcancerthecrabB.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantonesC.foundoutthecauseofcancerD.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.theyareasfatalascancerB.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”C.peopledreadthemverymuchD.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.13.單選題Experimentssuggestthatseasonofbirthdramaticallyaffectsthespeedthebodyclockticks.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.atwhichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.inwhich14.單選題Nearlyathirdofparentssaytheyfeel（）intotheirhomesbutcannotaffordtomovetoabiggerproperty,areportrevealstoday.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.squealedB.squeezedC.squaredD.sneezed15.單選題Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite______.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.invaluableB.pricelessC.unworthyD.worthless第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。favored“有利的；收到優(yōu)待的”；favorable“有利的；贊許的”；favorite“最喜愛(ài)的”；favoring“順利的；有幫助的”。句意：我們一直在聽(tīng)……你工作的報(bào)道。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【答案】C【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。當(dāng)否定詞hardly修飾as…as…時(shí)要放在前面，修飾形容詞性的enriching要使用副詞，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)abideby“遵守”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“解釋；對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”；C選項(xiàng)acton“對(duì)……起作用；按照……行事”；D選項(xiàng)adjustto“調(diào)整以適應(yīng)”。句意：對(duì)于這個(gè)與世隔絕的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)該如何_______移民越來(lái)越多涌入并且正在改變?nèi)毡具@一現(xiàn)實(shí)，明顯缺乏公開(kāi)討論。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，accountfor“解釋；對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”搭配reality“現(xiàn)實(shí)”比較合理，意思是解釋為什么越來(lái)越多移民進(jìn)入日本并且改變?nèi)毡镜默F(xiàn)實(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。concernaboutsth.orsb.是固定用法，因此只有選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.【答案】D【解析】考查近義詞辨析。由前后得知空白處需要填一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞。作名詞時(shí)，raise“提高，升”，表示某事物升了級(jí)別；rise“上升，增加”通常指數(shù)量增加或水平提高，為不可數(shù)名詞；arise沒(méi)有名詞用法；increase“增加，增加額”，指大小和強(qiáng)度增加。句意：新的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，因?yàn)榧彝ブ袙赍X(qián)女性人數(shù)的增加，去年全職爸爸的數(shù)量達(dá)到了歷史新高。因此只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，卻做了。句意：早知道是個(gè)小型家庭聚會(huì)，我們本不必穿這么正式。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.【答案】A【解析】考查副詞辨析。marginally“少量地”；marvelously“不可思議地”；martially“勇敢地”；markedly“顯著地”。句意：這些學(xué)校的學(xué)生在閱讀測(cè)試中遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于州平均水平，而且他們的成績(jī)只得到了……提高?？崭袂懊嬗衞nly修飾，因此可知是只提高了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。一次你A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。allegiance“效忠；忠貞”；alliance“聯(lián)盟”；allegations“主張”；alliteration“頭韻”。句意：醫(yī)院否認(rèn)紀(jì)律處分和里德醫(yī)生關(guān)于健康問(wèn)題的主張有任何聯(lián)系。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.【答案】D【解析】考查邏輯知識(shí)。前半句中“sermonsretainedtheirpreeminence”表示肯定意義，后半句提到“theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplaces”，可知語(yǔ)氣出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。otherthan“不同于；除了”；ratherthan“而不是”；rathertoo“稍微”；inspiteof“盡管”。句意：那些體力更強(qiáng)和有進(jìn)取心……外表好看的夫婦會(huì)更容易生男孩，因?yàn)檫@些特征對(duì)男性更有用。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.【答案】C【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)whatthecommitteehasdecided。句意：委員會(huì)的決定應(yīng)該優(yōu)先執(zhí)行。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.【答案】第1題:D第2題:D第3題:C第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，古埃及人_______。由關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”，可知古埃及人已經(jīng)知道很多有不好的結(jié)果的腫瘤，對(duì)應(yīng)第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，malignanttumors是指惡性腫瘤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于過(guò)去的癌癥，下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述最能得到文章的支持？文章并沒(méi)提到古人是否活到容易患癌癥的年齡，排除A選項(xiàng)；第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”，說(shuō)明過(guò)去人們不是不恐懼癌癥，而是這種恐懼并沒(méi)稱為焦點(diǎn)，排除B選項(xiàng)；最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被認(rèn)為優(yōu)雅的是死于肺結(jié)核，排除C選項(xiàng)；最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”說(shuō)明他們將癌癥歸因于心理和行為原因，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是被稱為“現(xiàn)代病”的癌癥的原因？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句，上一句提到癌癥死亡令人恐懼，下一句就說(shuō)RoyPorter將其說(shuō)成是“最卓越的現(xiàn)代病，Mukherjee稱之為“現(xiàn)代最典型的產(chǎn)物”，說(shuō)明人們對(duì)癌癥的理解改變了。因此