2023年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Althoughskepticssayfinancialproblemswillprobably（

）ourestablishingabaseontheMoon,supportersoftheprojectremain（

）,sayingthathumancuriosityshouldovercomesuchpragmaticconstraints.問題1選項A.beset...disillusionedB.postpone...pessimisticC.prevent...enthusiasticD.allow...unconvinced2.單選題Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn’tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.”Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily".Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk"Historicallythemanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays".Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairout,IsatonitquitenaturallysinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin."Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain?'"Didwhat?’，Iasked,utterlyconfused"Tookthechair"Actually,sincePdwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward.Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirstafterall.Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（

）.2.Bysaying"youdiditagain”,theauthor'swifemeansthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?問題1選項A.it’ssafetobreakrulesofsocialbehaviorsB.inwomen’sliberationmenarealsoliberatedC.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbeforeD.menshouldwalkintheoutsideofapavement問題2選項A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforherB.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedidC.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitressD.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher問題3選項A.HeintendstobepolitetothewomanB.HedoesthatbyforceofhabitC.HewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendangerD.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen3.單選題Iremembermeetinghimoneeveningwithhispushcart.Ihadmanagedtosellallmypapersandwascominghomeinthesnow.IthasthatstrangehourindowntownNewYorkwhentheworkerswerepouringhomewardinthetwilight.Imarchedamongthousandsoftiredmenandwomenwhomthefactorywhistleshadunyoked.Theyflowedinriversthroughtheclothingfactorydistricts,thendownalongtheavenuestotheEastSide.ImetmyfathernearCooperUnion.Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely;thetearscametomyeyes.Thenhesawme,andhisfacelitwithhissad,beautifulsmile——CharlieChaplin'ssmile.“Arch,it’sMikey,”hesaid.“Soyouhavesoldyourpapers!Comeandeatabanana.”Heofferedmeone.Irefusedit.Ifeltitcrucialthatmyfathersellhisbananas,notgivethemaway.HethoughtIwasshy,andcoaxedandjokedwithme;andmademeeatthebanana.Itsmelledofwetstrawandsnow.“Youhaven’tsoldmanybananastoday,pop,Isaidanxiously.Heshruggedhisshoulders.“WhatcanIdo?Nooneseemstowantthem.Itwastrue.Theworkcrowdspushedhomemoroselyoverthepavements.TherustyskydarkenedoverNewYorkbuildings,thetallstreetlampswerelit,innumerabletrucks,streetcarsandelevatedtrainsclatteredby.Nobodyandnothinginthegreatcitystoppedformyfather’sbananas.“Ioughttoyell,”saidmyfatherdolefully.66Ioughttomakeabignoiselikeotherpeddlers,butitmakesmythroatsore.Anyway,I’mashamedofyelling.Itmakesmefeellikeafool.’’Ihadeatenoneofhisbananas.MysickconsciencetoldmethatIoughttopayforitsomehow.Imustremainhereandhelpmyfather.“I’llyellforyou,pop.”Ivolunteered,“Arch,no，’’hesaid,“gohome;youhaveworkedenoughtoday.JusttellmommaI’llbelate.”ButIyelledandyelled.Myfather,standingby,spokeoccasionalwordsofpraise,andsaidIwasawonder&lyeller.Nobodyelsepaidattention.Theworkersdriftedpastuswearily,endlessly;adefeatedarmywrappedindreamsofhome.Elevatedtrainscrashed;theCooperUnionclockburnedaboveus;theskygrewblack,thewindpoured,theslushburnedthroughourshoes.Therewerethousandsofstrange,silentfigurespouringoverthesidewalksinsnow.Noneofthemstoppedtobuybananas.Iyelledandyelled,butnobodylistened.Myfathertriedtostopmeatlast.“Nu,”hesaidsmilingtoconsoleme,“thatwaswonderfulyelling,Mikey.Butit’splainweareunluckytoday!Let’sgohome.”Iwasfrantic,andalmostintears.Iinsistedonkeepingupmydesperateyells..Butatlastmyfatherpersuadedmetoleavewithhim.1.“Unyoked”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.2.Whichofthefollowingisintendedtobeapairofcontrastinthepassage?3.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTsuitabletodescribethecharacteroftheson?4.Whatisthethemeofthestory?5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefatherandtheson?問題1選項A.sentoutB.releasedC.dispatchedD.removed問題2選項A.Hugecrowdsandlonelyindividuals.B.Weatherconditionsandstreetlamps.C.Clatteringtrainsandpeddlers’yells.D.Movingcrowdsandstreettraffic.問題3選項A.Compassionate.B.Responsible.C.Shy.D.Determined.問題4選項A.Themiseryofthefactoryworkers.B.Howtosurviveinaharshenvironment.C.Generationgapbetweenthefatherandtheson.D.Lovebetweenthefatherandtheson.問題5選項A.Indifferent.B.Sympathetic.C.Appreciative.D.Sneering4.單選題Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen（

）byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.問題1選項A.supplementedB.underminedC.divertedD.redeemed5.單選題Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Nothatitissolely,ofchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmanyagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended;wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed;wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.Shewhoknowsonlyherownsickofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworldthesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheattheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem;whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyformandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（

）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements（

）.問題1選項A.haveopinionswhichcannotberefutedB.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclinationC.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagreesD.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches問題2選項A.acceptanceoftruthB.controversyoverprinciplesC.inordinateenthusiasmD.adreadofheterodoxspeculation問題3選項A.enslavedbytraditionB.lessthanfullyrationalC.determindedoncontroversyD.havingaclosedmind問題4選項A.AtrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakesB.PeriodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflectionC.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachersD.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking6.單選題InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.ManyAfricanAmericascommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters;non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericasinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildren’lackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians'intentionsandthefightbegan.Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or"disses"thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction”，whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s"CityWalk"attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst"physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring..."1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（

）.2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto（

）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（

）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto（

）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,"Idemandsatisfaction"（

）.問題1選項A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunicationB.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontactC.avoideyecontactasasignofrespectD.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers問題2選項A.lookatthespeakerallthetimeB.glanceatthespeakerperiodicallyC.lookawayfromthespeakerD.stareatthespeaker問題3選項A.KoreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectlyB.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepersC.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancentersD.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures問題4選項A.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancentersB.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancentersC.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespectD.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground問題5選項A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactB.oftenledtoafightC.wasasignofdisrespectD.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation7.單選題YourParadiseusedtobeafinemagazine,butnowthatitthetasteofacompletelydifferentreadingpublicit（

）hasgonedowninquality.問題1選項A.deflectsfromB.flirtswithC.caterstoD.hingeson8.翻譯題InwhatappearstobethefirstreportedcaseofitskindonUSshores,aColoradowomanallegesthatheriPhone4caughtfirewhilechargingovernightandwantsAppletowarncustomersofthedevice’spossiblecombustionissues.Thewoman,whospokeundertheconditionofanonymity,saidshetookherstorytotechwebsiteMashableinordertospreadpublicawarenessoverthereportedissue,claimingthatApplehasbeenreticenttoacknowledgetheallegedincident.Theunnamedsourceclaimsthatsheawokeintheearlymorningduringarecenttriptotheeastcoasttofindheryear-oldwhiteiPhone4making“sizzling”and“popping”noises.

Afteranunspecifiedamountoftimetherewas“notquiteanexplosion,butanimmensecrackling”，andsmokeplumedfromthedevicecreating“anawful,putridsmell,almostlikeyouwereingestingplasticofsomekind”.

Inspectionoftheprovidedpicturesyieldsnocluesastowhichcomponentswereheatedtothepointofcreatingsmoke,thoughabulgingbatteryisdearlyseentohaveexpandedenoughtoforceaparttheiPhone’scasing.Accordingtothereport,theiPhonewasconnectedviaanApple-brandedchargertoapoweroutletthatwaslaterinspectedandfoundtobeworkingnormally.ThewomangoesontosaythatwhensheaskedAppletobeupgradedtoareplacementiPhone4S，thecompanyfurnishedherwithanotheriPhone4.TheallegedincidentisreportedlythefirstofitskindintheUS;thoughtherehasbeenatleastonesimilarinstanceinAustraliainvolvingtheiPhone4.ThisisnotthefirsttimeApplehasseenproblemswithoverhearingbatteriesasitextendedareplacementprogramforitsfirst-generationiPodNanoin2011duetoadefectthatcausedthedevice’sbatterytooverheat.TheCupertino,Calif.,companyfirstacknowledgedtheproblemina2008pressreleasethatstemmedfromaninvestigationbytheJapanesegovernment.TherehavebeennoreportsofsevereoverheatingissueswiththeiPhone4SoranyotherproductsinApple’scurrentlineup.9.翻譯題Thenumberskeeprising,thesuperlativeskeepglowing.Eachyear,selectivecollegespromotetheirapplicationtotals,alongwiththevirtuesoftheirapplicants.Forthisfairsfreshmanclass,thestatisticsreachedremarkablelevels.Stanfordreceivedarecord32,022applicationsfromstudentsitcalled’’simplyamazing”andaccepted7percentofthem.Brownsawanunprecedented30,135applicants,wholefttheadmissionsstaff"deeplyimpressedandattimesawed."Ninepercentwereadmitted.ThebiggestboastcamefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Inanewsrelease,UCLAsaiditsacceptedstudentshad"demonstratedexcellenceinallaspectsoftheirlives."Citingitsrecord57,670applications,theuniversityproclaimeditself"themostpopularcampusinthenation.”Suchannouncementstellastoryinwhichcollegesgetbetter——andstudentsgetmoreamazing-everyyear.Inreality,thenarrativeisfarmorecomplex,andtheimplicationsfarlesssunnyforstudentsaswellascollegescaughtupinthecruelcycleofselectivityToSomedegree,theincreasesareinevitable:thecollege-boundpopulationgrown,andso,too,hasthenumberofapplicationsstudentsfile,thanksinparttoonlinetechnology.

Butwhereveritisrainingapplications,collegeshavehelpedseedthecloudsbyrecruitingwidelyandaggressivelyforevermoreapplicants.Admissionsofficersarechasingnotsomuchamoreperfectstudentasamoreperfectclass.Inagivenyear,thiselusiveidealmightrequiremoreviolinists,goalies,aspiringengineersorstudentswhocanpaythefullcostofattendanceCollegeseverywherewantmoreminoritystudents,moreout-of-statestudentsandmorestudentsfromoverseas.

Thepursuitrevealsthedualityofthemodemcollege:it’saplacethatservesthepublicinterestandabusinesswithabottomline.Althoughthetensionbetweenmissionandmarketinghaslongdefinedadmissions,manybelievethebalancehastiltedtoofartowardthelatter.ManycollegeshavemadeapplyingassimpleasupdatingaFacebookpage.Somedeansandguidancecounselorscomplainthatit’stooeasy.Theyquestiontheethicsofintenserecruitmentbycollegesthatrejecttheoverwhelmingmajorityofapplicants."It’slikeneedinganewstereoandbuyingthewholeRadioShack,saysMarkSpeer,directorofcollegecounselingattheColumbiaGrammarandPreparatorySchoolinNewYork."Withthesebiggerpools,collegesaregettingalotofstudentswhohavenochance."FredHargadon,formerdeanofadmissionsatPrincetonandStanford,doubtsthatmoreandmoreapplicantsmakeforastrongerclass,

“Icouldn’tpickabetterclassoutof30000applicantsthanoutof15.000hesays,"I’djustenduprejectingmultiplesofthesamekid.”10.單選題Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.問題1選項A.irresistibleB.irretrievableC.irremissibleD.irreplaceable11.翻譯題Thecollapseofbeliefwehavebeenwitnessingthroughoutthetwentiethcenturycomeswithglobalism.Thepostmodemconditionisnotanartisticmovementoraculturalfadoranintellectualtheory-althoughitproducesallofthoseandisinsomewaysdefinedbythem.Itiswhatinevitablyhappensaspeopleeverywherebegintoseethattherearemanybeliefs,manykindsofbelief,manywaysofbelieving.Postmodernismisglobalism;itisthehalf-discoveredshapeoftheoneunitythattranscendsallourdifferences.Inaglobal—andglobalizingera,alloftheoldstructuresofpoliticalreality,alltheoldwaysofsayingwhoweareandwhatweareforandwhatweareagainst,seemtobemeltingawayintoair.Howtohaveanidentityinsuchaworld?Nationalismbecomessemi-obsoletebeforeitevencompletesitsconquest;nationalgovernmentseverywherearechallengedfromfrontandrear,pastandfuture.Theyareforcedtodobattleagainstpre-modemtribalandethnicidentitiesevenastheyresistthethreatstotheirfragilesovereigntiesthatareposedbyinternationalorganizationandmovementsandeconomicforces.Theweakernationalsovereigntyisasanabsoluteprinciple,thelesssecureweareindefiningourselvesaccordingtonationalcitizenship.Howaboutideology?ThroughouttheeraoftheColdWar,globalideologiesseemedtobereplacingnationalloyaltiesasthesupremedefinersofpoliticalreality.

Foratime,theworldappearedtobedividedintotwoopposedbeliefsystemsratherthanintomanynations.Buttheinternationalideologiesneverquitemanagedtoseparatethemselvesfromnationalism(Marxismhadaparticularlyhardtimewiththat,waswidelysuspectedofbeingmerelyatoolofRussianambitions),andtodayhardlyanybodyotherthanafewintransigentcommunistsanddie-hardanti-communistsbelievethattheworldispoliticallybipolar.Religionisstillapotentdefinerofpoliticalrealityandstillanexplosiveone—wemaystillbehavingholywarswhenwehavestoppedhavinganyotherkind—butitisalsothemostvulnerableofalltobeingunveiledasacreationofthehumanmind.Eachofthesesetsofcategories,eachofthesewaysthatpeopleconstructwhotheyareandwhattheybelieveisincreasinglychimerical,capableofevaporatinginamomentwhenpeoplelookattheworldwithdifferenteyes.Classandracemayprovetobemoredurabledefinersofreality,morestablemarkersofwhois‘us’andwhois‘them’.Buteachofthose,too,becomesanythingbutpredictableinapostmodernworld.ThewretchedoftheearthmaybeaforceforrebelliouschangebecausetheybelievesomeformofMarxistdoctrineaboutclassconflict,ormerelybecausetheyceasetobelieveinthevarioussocialconstructionsofrealitythatheldtheirconditiontobepartofGod’sownarrangement.Oppressedracesgrowskeptical(astheworldgainsunderstandingofthegamesoppressorsplay)aboutthesocialconstructionsofrealitythatdefinetheirplaceandstrivetokeeptheminit.12.單選題Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill（

）onlandwhereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea（

）enterprise.問題1選項A.monB.accessible...marginalC.unidentified...subsidizedD.fitable13.單選題MissRobintriedto（

）allerrorsfromthetypescriptbygoingthroughitverycarefully.問題1選項A.objectB.duplicateC.approveD.eliminate14.單選題ProfessorJohnsonplannedtogoovermypapersentencebysentencewithmeinhisofficethismorning,buthehasn't（

）yet.問題1選項A.turnedroundB.turnedupC.turnedonD.turnedin15.單選題The（

）onthesurfaceofthefemalekangaroo'sabdomenservesasaplaceofrefugefortheyoung,whocangetatthemilkglandswithoutleavingtheirshelter.問題1選項A.patchB.porchC.paunchD.pouch第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】動詞和形容詞辨析題。A選項beset“困擾，鑲嵌，圍繞”；disillusioned“醒悟的，幻想破滅的”；B選項postpone“推遲，延遲，延緩”；pessimistic“悲觀主義的”;C選項prevent“預(yù)防，防止，阻止”；enthusiastic“熱心的，熱情的”;D選項allow“考慮”；unconvinced“不能令人信服的，懷疑的”。根據(jù)句意‘盡管反對者認為在月球上建立一個基地會受到經(jīng)濟問題的阻撓，然而這個項目的支持者仍然保持熱情，認為人類的好奇心應(yīng)該克服這種務(wù)實的約束?！疌選項正確2.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從這篇文章可以得出,,,’。由第五段中“Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.通常，遵守社會行為準則比根據(jù)自己的品味行事更容易。當然，我們這些天生優(yōu)雅的人可以安全地打破規(guī)則?！贝_定A選項“打破社會行為準則是安全的”太絕對；由第一段中“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.在婦女解放運動中，男人的好處之一是不再需要向女人支付舊式的禮遇?！贝_定B選項“在婦女的解放中，男性也被解放了”正確。C選項“女性正變得比以前更有能力”在文中沒有提及；由第三段第二句“Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.男性應(yīng)該在他想走的地方走路”確定D項“男性應(yīng)該走在人行道的外側(cè)”與原文不符。2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘說“你又做了一次”，作者的妻子意味著…’。根據(jù)第五段第三句“Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.例如，當一個男人和一個女人在餐館被領(lǐng)到他們的桌子前，服務(wù)員拉出一把椅子，這個女人應(yīng)該坐在椅子上。根據(jù)安?克拉克女士的說法，我總是用另一種方法來做?！?，下文就舉出作者自己做得相反的例子和倒數(shù)第三段中回答“Tookthechair坐了這個椅子”，可以確定C選項“作者不應(yīng)該坐在被女侍者拉出的椅子上”正確。3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項不是作者比女士先上車的原因?’。由最后一段第一句“Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.而且，我的習(xí)慣是先上車，讓女士自己上車。這是一種禮貌，我堅持作為更強的性別，出于愛和尊重?！贝_定A選項“他想對女性有禮貌”和B選項“他這那樣做是出于習(xí)慣”是作者先于女性上車的原因；也確定D選項“他認為今天的女性如男人一樣有能力”不是作者先于女性上車的原因，符合題意，正確；由最后一段中“Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackers