2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安建筑科技大學考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安建筑科技大學考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題（）bothsidesaccepttheagreement（）alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.問題1選項A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,would2.不定項選擇題PsychologistsagreethatI.Q.contributeonlyabout20percentofthefactorsthatdeterminesuccess.Afull80percentcomesfromotherfactors,includingwhatIcallemotionalintelligence.Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped:1.Self-awareness.Theabilitytorecognizeafeelingasithappensisthekeystoneofemotionalintelligence.Peoplewithgreatercertaintyabouttheiremotionsarebetterpilotsoftheirlives.Developingself-awarenessrequirestuningintowhatneurologistAntonioDamasiocalls“gutfeelings.”Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.Forexample,whenpeoplewhofearsnakesareshownapictureofasnake,sensorsontheirskinwilldetectsweat,asignofanxiety,eventhoughthepeoplesaytheydonotfeelfear.Thesweatshowsupevenapictureispresentedsorapidlythatthesubjecthasnoconsciousawarenessofseeingit.Throughdeliberateeffortwecanbecomemoreawareofourgutfeelings.Takesomeonewhoisannoyedbyarudeencounterforhoursafteritoccurred.Hemaybeawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem.Emotionalself-awarenessisthebuildingblockofthenextfundamentalofemotionintelligence:beingabletoshakeoffbadmood.2.MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance.Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.PsychologistDianneTiceaskedmorethan400menandwomenabouttheirstrategiesforescapingfoulmoods.Herresearch,alongwiththatofotherpsychologists,providesvaluableinformationonhowtochangeabadmood.Ofallthemoodsthatpeoplewanttoescape,rageseemstobethehardesttodealwith.Whensomeoneinanothercarcutsyouoffonthehighway,yourreflexivethoughtmaybe:Thatjerk!Hecouldhavehitme!Ican’tlethimgetawaywiththat!Themoreyoustew,theangrieryouget.Suchisthestuffofhypertensionandrecklessdriving.Whatshouldyoudotorelieverage?Onemythisthatventilatingwillmakeyoufeelbetter.Infact,researchershavefoundthat’soneoftheworststrategies.Amoreeffectivetechniqueis“refraining”,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency.Thisisoneofthemostpotentways,Ticefound,toputangertorest.Goingoffalonetocoolclownisalsoaneffectivewaytorefuseanger,especiallyifyoucan’tthinkclearly.Ticefoundthatalargeproportionofmencooldownbygoingforadrive—afindingthatinspiredhertodrivemoredefensively.Asaferalternativeisexercise,suchastakingalongwalk.Whateveryoudo,don’twastethetimepursuingyourtrainofangerthoughts.Youraimshouldbetodistractyourself.Thetechniquesofreframinganddistractioncanalleviatedepressionandanxietyaswellasanger.Addtothemsuchrelaxationtechniquesasdeepbreathingandmeditationandyouhaveanarsenalofweaponsagainstbadmoods.1.Whataregutfeelings?2.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofknowingone’sgutfeelingsisthat（）.3.Theword“spice”inParagraph6isclosedinmeaningto（）.4.Theessenceof“refraining”inParagraph9is（）.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?問題1選項A.Theyarefeelingoneisbornwith.B.Theyarefeelingsonemaybeunawareof.C.Theyarefeelingsoffearandanxiety.D.Theyarefeelingsfeltbysensiblepeople.問題2選項A.onecandevelopthemB.onecancallother’sattentiontothemC.onemaygetridofthemD.onemaycontrolthem問題3選項A.addinteresttoB.lengthenC.makedullD.bringintoexistence問題4選項A.toforgettheunpleasantsituationB.toadoptapositiveattitudeC.toprotectoneselfproperlyD.toavoidroadaccidents問題5選項A.WhatisEmotionalIntelligence?B.HowtoDevelopEmotionalIntelligence.C.StrategiesforGettingRidofFoulMoods.D.HowtoControlone’sGutFeelings.3.單選題Thepolicerefusedto（）thecluestheywereworkingon.問題1選項A.exhibitB.discloseC.exposeD.discern4.單選題Loomingoverthedebateabouthumaninterferenceintheworld’sborealforestsisanasyetunanswerablequestion:Willtheeffectsofglobalwarmingeventuallydwarfman’simpact?問題1選項A.raisetogreaterimportanceB.makemoredifficulttomeasureC.causetoappearsmallD.bringtoanabruptend5.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseontheAnswerSheet.Wecannotacceptthegrowingthreatposedbyclimatechange,whichcouldforeverdamagetheworldthatwepassontoourchildren,sowingconflictandfamine,destroyingcoastlinesandemptyingcities.Andthat’swhyallnationsmustnowaccepttheirshareofresponsibilityfortransformingthewaythatweuseenergy.Wecan’tacceptaworldinwhichmorepeoplearedeniedopportunityanddignitythatallpeopleyearnfor:theabilitytogetaneducationandmakeadecentliving,thesecuritythatyouwon’thavetoliveinfearofdiseaseorviolencewithouthopeforthefuture.Iknowthesechallengescanbemet,solongasit’srecognizedthattheywillnotbemetbyonepersonoronenationalone.Thisawardisnotsimplyabouttheeffortsofmyadministration;it’saboutthecourageouseffortsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

6.不定項選擇題Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Kenseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.Kensey’sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightincludepublicduty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdalcandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty;fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto“BonniewrecksAnn’spretendhouse”dependingonwhetherBonniedidit“sosomebodywon’tfalloverit”orbecauseBonniewanted“tomakeAnnfeelbad.”Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified:theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamongactsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?2.Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredtheabilityof（）.3.Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKenseywouldnothaveagreedon（）.4.Theterm“publicduty”（inline5ofparagraph2）inthecontextofthepassagemeans（）.5.Kensey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?問題1選項A.Anoutlineforfutureresearch.B.Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms.C.Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheorists.D.Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry.問題2選項A.differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharmB.identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulactionC.justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocationD.evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules問題3選項A.thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommitB.theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharmC.theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharmD.thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts問題4選項A.thenecessitytoapprehendperpetratorsB.theresponsibilitytopunishtransgressorsC.anobligationtopreventharmtoanotherD.theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction問題5選項A.Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.B.Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.C.Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.D.Theymakearbitrarymoraljudgments.7.單選題Itisanticipatedthatthiscontractwillsubstantiallyincreasesalesoverthenextthreeyears.問題1選項A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily8.不定項選擇題What’syourearliestchildhoodmemory?Canyourememberlearningtowalk?Ortalk?Thefirsttimeyou（71）thunderorwatchedatelevisionprogram?Adultsseldom（72）eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool,justaschildrenyoungerthanthreeorfour（73）retainanymemoryofspecific,personalexperiences.Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen（74）bypsychologistsforthis“childhoodamnesia”(兒童失憶癥).Onearguesthatthehippocampus,theregionofthebrainwhichisresponsibleforformingmemories,doesnotmature（75）abouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory（76）that,sinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannot（77）childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwords,andtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor（78）—oneeventfollows（79）asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental（80）forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestory,theydon’tfindanythingthatfitsthe（81）,it’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary.NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmonsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew（82）forchildhoodamnesia:Shearguesthattheresimply（83）anyearlychildhoodmemoriestorecall.AccordingtoDr.Simmons,childrenneedtolearntouse（84）spokendescriptionoftheirpersonalexperiencesinordertoturntheirownshort-term,quickly（85）impressionsofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother（86）,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout（87）:Momtalkingabouttheafternoon（88）lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis（89）reinforcement,saysDr.Simmons,childrencannotform（90）memoriesoftheirpersonalexperience.問題1選項A.listenedB.heardC.touchedD.felt問題2選項A.recallB.interpretC.involveD.resolve問題3選項A.largelyB.reallyC.merelyD.rarely問題4選項A.proposedB.witnessedC.canceledD.figured問題5選項A.afterB.onceC.untilD.since問題6選項A.magnifiesB.maintainsC.containsD.intervenes問題7選項A.accessB.attainC.reflectD.refer問題8選項A.regulationsB.forecastsC.narrativesD.descriptions問題9選項A.therestB.othersC.theotherD.another問題10選項A.outputsB.filesC.flashesD.detains問題11選項A.frameB.landscapeC.footstepD.pattern問題12選項A.explanationB.arrangementC.emphasisD.factor問題13選項A.isn’tB.weren’tC.aren’tD.wasn’t問題14選項A.anyoneelseB.someoneelse’sC.someoneelseD.anyoneelse’s問題15選項A.forgettingB.rememberedC.forgottenD.remembering問題16選項A.wordsB.casesC.sensesD.means問題17選項A.himB.themC.itD.theirs問題18選項A.usedB.spentC.takenD.chosen問題19選項A.habitualB.mutualC.prettyD.verbal問題20選項A.subordinateB.consciousC.permanentD.spiritual9.不定項選擇題Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthis（1）—indeed,contradiction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththe（2）toputcomputersintheclassroom.Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisa/an（3）educationJustifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationis（4）requiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplyto（5）everyone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegally（6）toattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertain（7）oftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhois（8）ifhecannotcompetentlyassess（9）hislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythings（10）ofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase,beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertain（11）,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequipped（12）naturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneis（13）tobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocates（14）thisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthat（15）theirotherwisecheeryoutlook.（16）ontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computer-educationadvocatesoften（17）thejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducational（18）.Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschools（19）theconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenare（20）equippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.問題1選項A.distinctionB.topicC.separationD.education問題2選項A.campaignB.practiceC.actionD.goal問題3選項A.informalB.basicC.technicalD.expensive問題4選項A.differentlyB.universallyC.converselyD.regularly問題5選項A.formB.consistC.ariseD.raise問題6選項A.orderedB.inquiredC.requiredD.acquired問題7選項A.conceptionB.informationC.themeD.imagination問題8選項A.completeB.accomplishedC.incompleteD.improper問題9選項A.whyB.whatC.whereD.how問題10選項A.insideB.outsideC.besideD.aside問題11選項A.yearB.ageC.dayD.extent問題12選項A.inB.atC.byD.with問題13選項A.fitB.responsibleC.suitableD.able問題14選項A.considerB.forgetC.forsakeD.foretell問題15選項A.believesB.becomesC.bearsD.betrays問題16選項A.EncounteringB.BankingC.DevisingD.Seeking問題17選項A.emphasizeB.encourageC.engageD.enlarge問題18選項A.academyB.positionC.degreeD.achievement問題19選項A.interactB.introduceC.announceD.invent問題20選項A.traditionallyB.drasticallyC.properlyD.hardly10.不定項選擇題Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalstimulation.Similarly,thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.Educationhelpstoo.Researcherssaybecauseitinstillstheconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaie-Willisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.Flexibilitycountstoo.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychologicalterms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourstutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslatewhentheywereretested.Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohonevisuo-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,andplayingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.1.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses（）.2.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(paragraph1)refersto（）.3.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?4.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthat（）mighthelppreventmentaldeclines.5.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat（）.問題1選項A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalagingB.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalagingC.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskillsD.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor問題2選項A.brainpowerB.cognitivedevelopmentC.mentalsimulatingD.intellectualfunction問題3選項A.EducationB.ChronicillnessC.StandardoflivingD.Alloftheabove問題4選項A.physicalexercisesB.socialinterconnectionsC.rigiddailyroutinesD.ahealthydiet問題5選項A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperienceB.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalagingstartedC.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchinductivereasoningandspatialskillsD.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower11.單選題Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.問題1選項A.emanationB.emulsionC.emulationD.emancipation12.不定項選擇題Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandliveitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,blitzeverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.問題1選項A.ratherbleakB.veryimpressiveC.fairlybrightD.quiteencouraging問題2選項A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassicsB.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.SC.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreadingD.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass問題3選項A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprogramsB.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliteratureC.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstandingD.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput問題4選項A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeitB.toanalyzeitsessentialfeaturesC.tothinkitoverconscientiouslyD.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue問題5選項A.upsetB.alarmedC.uncertainD.pessimistic13.單選題Wasittheprosperityofanacquisitivesocietypreparedtoforsakechildren,orthedepressionwhichaccountedfortheinter-warpopulationtrends?問題1選項A.inquisitiveB.curiousC.greedyD.abnormal14.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.Wewilleffectivelyconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.Wewillactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.Wewillstrengthenresourceconservationandmanagement,becomebetterabletoensureadequatesuppliesofresources,intensifytheprotectionoffarmlandandtheenvironment,strengthenecologicaldevelopmentandsystemstopreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters,andcomprehensivelybuildourcapacityforsustainabledevelopment.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionshouldreach11.4percent;energyconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissionsperuntilofGDPshouldbereducedby16percentand17percentrespectively;thereleaseofmajorpollutantshouldbereducedby8percentto10percent;foreststockshouldbeincreasedby600millioncubicmeters;andforestcovershouldbeincreasedto21.66percent.Wewillsubstantiallyimprovewaterconservancyfacilities;makeprogressinbettercontrollingimportanttributariesoflargeriversaswellaslakesandsmallandmedium-sizedrivers;andsignificantlyimproveagriculturalirrigation,theefficiencyofwaterresourcesuseandresistancetoflooding.

15.不定項選擇題Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalablekillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills”.Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecoursesveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.Aschoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,andabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisfavorof（）.2.Theword“fluctuate”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolshould（）.5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.問題1選項A.teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarketB.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimesC.aliberaleducationD.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket問題2選項A.remainsteadyB.changeinanirregularwayC.followasetpatternD.becomeworseandworse問題3選項A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself.B.Aconstructionworkers.C.Acarrepairman.D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills.問題4選項A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarketB.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsiderationC.considerwhatskillsaresalableD.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges問題5選項A.liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednowB.schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimesC.extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearningD.manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】語法題——onlyif的用法。當onlyif位于句首時，其主句的謂語動詞要部分倒裝，根據(jù)四個選項，其謂語動詞都提前了，而只有onlyif在句首，才部分倒裝。句意：只有雙方都接受這項協(xié)議，才能在這個地區(qū)建立持久的和平。因此A選項正確。2.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:B第5題:B【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“gutfeelings”定位到第三段第二句話“Gutfeel