an-analysis-of-sexism-in-english-and-chinese-英語論文設(shè)計論文

.Theexampleabovemakesitcrystalclearthattheconnotationsoffemaleappellationsarenotequivalenttothoseofthemaleappellationswhicharepositiveandactive.

InEnglish,agroupofgenericpronounsarerelated,withsameprobability,tomenandwomen,whereastheyignorewomenbyallowingmasculinetermstobeusedinlotsofspecialcircumstances.ForallEnglishlearners,Heisdefinitelyanacquaintance.Heisperhapsthemostwell-knownexampleofsexisminEnglishtobespecificallytorefertomalesandcommonlytorefertohumanGuimeiHe.AnAnalysisofSexisminEnglish.[D].QingdaoUniversityofScienceandTechnology2010.Forexample,everyonehashisownfate.Obviously,everyonehereisassociatedwitheverysingleperson,includingbothmenandwomen.ButtomeettherequirementofsimplicityinEnglish,hecoversallthepossibilityofmaleandfemalethusshowingthegenderbiasagainstfemale.Thesame霍恩比著，王玉章等譯.OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary:theseventhedition.

北京：商務(wù)印書館.2009GuimeiHe.AnAnalysisofSexisminEnglish.[D].QingdaoUniversityofScienceandTechnology2010Hewhohashealthhashope;Hewhoknowsnothingdoubtsnothing;Hewhostandsalonehasnopower;Hewhodoesnotrespectothersdeservesnorespectfromothers;Hewhorisksnothinggainsnothing;Hewhoknowsmostspeaksleast.TheuseofHeasatermoccasionallytoencompassfemalesuggeststheuniversalthoughtofmale’ssuperiorstatus,andmakeswomengrammaticallyinvisiblethusremainingtheminferior.1.2DerivationIntherecordsofhumanhistory,thephysiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalehavecontributedtoshapeintotheman-centeredsociety.Whenwords,suchasactorandactress,showupinpairs,peoplehavenodifficultyinrecognizingmasculineoneasithasnospecialmarksanditistherootofthefeminineone,whichmanifestsfemaleisasubordinateofmaleingeneralsense.

Derivation,acommonwayofwordformation,formsawordwithmeaningandcategorydistinguishingfromthatofitsoriginthroughtheadditionofanaffix.InEnglish,masculinewordsareendowedwithpowertosignifybothmaleandfemale,andmanyfemininewordscomefromthembyaddingasuffixsuchas–ess,-ine,-ette,-trix.Ifpeoplewanttoglorifysomeonewhomadeagreatachievementtotheircountryorhometown,theywouldliketogiveatitle,hero,totheperson.Ifthatpersonisafemale,thenshewillbecalledheroinewhichcomesfromherobyadding“-ine”.Anothertypicalpairofwordsdenotingsexismisgovernorandgoverness,theformerisaleaderinchargeofthegovernmentoraninstitutionwhilethelatterchanging–orto–essisjustafemalemenialtutor.Herearesomeofsuchpairsofthewords:actorandactress;waiterandwaitress;hostandhostess;usherandusherette;governorandgoverness;princeandprincess;dukeandduchess.ThesepairsofwordsnotetheimportanceandpriorityofmaleinEnglishlexicon.SimplytolearnEnglish,peoplearecapableofmemorizingwordsbyrecognizingthesuffixaswellasdifferentiatingthemasculineandfemininewords,butfromtheperspectiveofequality,femaleisconsideredasasecondary,humbleandpassivegroup,comparedwithmale.1.3DerogatoryWordsaroundWomenVocabulary,asamajorcarrierofwordmeaning,mirrorsthelinguisticdiscriminationagainstwomeninEnglish.Themeaningsofmanywordsreferringtomaleandfemalearebasicallyequivalent,butwiththerevolutionaryofhistory,wordsforfemalegraduallyacquiredisapprovingimplicationsandareattachedwithderogatorymeanings.

Heretickoffsomerepresentativeexpressions.Kingandqueenarebothoriginallyrelevanttothenobleleadersofacountry,andking,uptonow,stillhasitsroyalandpositivemeaningswhilequeenisadheredtothederogatorymeaningamalehomosexualwhodresseslikeawomanorathirdpartytoafamily.于春遲，申葳CambridgeAdvancedLearner’sDictionary[M].北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社.2008indifferentcontexts.Besides,bachelorandspinsterareusedtodescribethemaritalstatusofasinglemanandwoman.Theformerhasanothermeaningreferringtothefirstdegreeatcollegeanduniversity,thelatter,differentfromthecommendatorymeaningoftheformer,hasaconnotativemeaningthatisspecificallyforawomanwhoisnolongeryoungandseemsunlikelyevertomarry.

Exceptforsuchwordsinpairswithderogatorymeaningstofemale,slang,asaninformallanguageordinarilyspokenbysomeparticulargroupsofpeople,displayssexisminEnglish,incisivelyandvividly.Talkingabouthumiliatingwordsandexpressions,slang,inmostcases,isinvolvedwithfemale.Hellcat,virago,vixen,bitch,slut,chippie,etc.arealltomakeachumpoutofwomen,sohowaboutmen?Althoughtherearesomeexpressionstoinsultmen,mostofthemhavesomething,moreorless,todowithwomen.Let’stakesonofabitchasanexample.Itinsultswomenfirstthentoreachthegoalofhumiliatingmen.Effeminate,womanish,hen-peckedresemblethatinthesameway.Otherexpressionswithdisparagingmeaning,Blackwidow,BlackMaria,HurricaneSandy,solongastheyarerelevanttodisastersorterriblecharacters,havetolinkupwithfemale.于春遲，申葳CambridgeAdvancedLearner’sDictionary[M].北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社.2008盧智慧,淺析英漢語中的性別歧視現(xiàn)象,[D],湖南：中南大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院,2009II.SexisminChineseChina,aprestigiouscountrywithalongstandingreputationintheworld,hasoverfivethousandyears’historyandfruitfulculturerepresentedbyasubstantialnumberofrefinedscholarsandintellectualsindifferentkindsoffields.ConfucianculturethathoistsitsownuniquebannerinChinahasenhancedtheChinesetraditionalvalue,Mansuperiortowomanwhichwasprimarilyestablishedaspatriarchalreplacedmatriarchalsocietyandhadgraduallybecomeacentralideologywiththeflourishingofthefeudalsystem.IthasatremendousimpactonChinesepeople’sdemeanor,lifestyle,andtheuniquelanguageespeciallytheChinesecharacters,theonlyexistingideograph馮英杰,英漢語言中的性別歧視現(xiàn)象及其文化根源,[D],河南：許昌學(xué)院,2009.Accordingly,sexistphenomenainChinesearemuchdistinctandstraightforward.馮英杰,英漢語言中的性別歧視現(xiàn)象及其文化根源,[D],河南：許昌學(xué)院,20092.1FormationofChineseCharactersSimilartoEnglish,sexismexistsinChinesewhosebasicmorphemesaretheindividualChinesecharacters.AmongthethousandsofmillionsofChinesecharacters,“女”(nvinpinyin,meaning“female”),apictographiccharacter,hasthedirectconnectionwithgenderbiasinthelanguage.Lotsofwordscomposedof“女”containthecontemptuousanddisdainfulmeaningsaboutwomen.Forinstance,“妓”(jiinpinyin)signifiesaprostituteorawhore,“姘”(pininpinyin)meanstohaveunethicalsexualrelationshipwithsomeoneelseratherthantheirspouse,“妒”(duinpinyin)meanstobejealousofothers,“婊”(biaoinpinyin)istheequivalentofEnglishwordbitchand“奴”(nuinpinyin)“婢”(biinpinyin)standsforahumbleservant.Thereareothercharacterswithaderogatorysenseindicatingscornandinsulttofemale,suchas“奸”“娼”“嫖”(usuallyusedtoshowtheillicitsexualbehavior),“嫉”“婪”“妄”(associatedwithunhealthyanddeviousmentalstate).Femaleisnottheonlyonewhowillhavesuchimmoralbehaviorandtwistymentality,butwhydothosedisparagingexpressionssolelylinkwithfemaleotherthanbothgenders?ItisapparentenoughtoseethatformationofChinesecharactersisdepreciatedforwomenandrevealssexismagainstwomen.However,manyChinesecharactersarenotoriginallydesignedtoinsultfemale,buttheirsexismwillshowupaslongastheycombineafemininetermtoformaphrase.Chinesepeoplearelikelytoassociate“流”(liuinpinyin)with“女”toexpressthevulnerabilityofwomen,andrelate“老虎”(laohuinpinyin),thekingintheforest,to“母”(muinpinyin)todescribetough,aggressiveandfiercewomen.Furthermore,whenmentioningsomejobtitleslike“教授”（professorinEnglish）,and“法官”（judgeinEnglish）,bulksofpeoplewillautomaticallyrelatethosetitlestomaleasifonlymenarecapableofhandlingchallengingaffairs.Whenpeoplereadorhearsomesentenceslikemycousinisapoliceandmyfriendisanengineer,theyarepronetoreferthesetwojobtitlestomalewithoutaskingwhetherthecousinandthefriendhereisamanorawoman.So,howdotheynamethefemaleintheexactlysamepositionandspotthemduringconversations?Itiseasyastheywilljustplusa“女”（female,ladyorwomaninEnglish）infrontoftheoccupationaltitleswhichwillbecome:女教授，女法官,女警察，女工程師showingonlywomenasexceptional.2.2DepreciatedWomeninProverbsProverbistheessenceofChineseprofoundculture,thevaluableresultofhumanwisdom,andtheembodimentoflanguage.TheculturalbigshotinBritishliterature,Shakespeare,hasafamousproverbFrailty,thynameiswomanindicatingtheweaknessoffemaleinsociety.InChina,“malesuperiortofemale”isnotonlyevidentlyreflectedintheformationofChinesecharactersbutalsointheproverbsandidioms常敬宇,《漢語詞匯與文化》,[M],北京：北京大學(xué)出版社,1995.

IntheancientChina,girlsofpoorfamiliescouldnotattendschool.Whilethoseofrichfamiliesmighthaveopportunitiestostudyintheacademy,eventhoughtheywerereallygoodatpoetry,thesignificantliteratureworksandcitingtheclassics,theirparentswouldnotfeelproudofthembecausethecustomaryvalue,“女子無才便是德”(Innocenceisthevirtueforwomen),hadalreadydeeplyrootedintheirmind.Justduetothisimpropervalue,“祝英臺”（ZhuYingtaiinpinyin）,theleadingcharacterintheChinesefamousfolktale“梁山伯和祝英臺”（LiangShanboandZhuYingtai）,hadtocoverherownidentityanddisguiseherselfasamantoreceiveeducation.常敬宇,《漢語詞匯與文化》,[M],北京：北京大學(xué)出版社,1995Sexismagainstwomenalsoliesinthefollowingtypicalexamples.“嫁出去的女兒，潑出去的水”(ifawomanmarryaman,shewillbesubmissivetoherhusbandandseldomreturntoherfamilytokeeptheirparentscompany);“嫁雞隨雞，嫁狗隨狗”(awomanhasnochoicebuttofollowherhusbandnomatterwhatkindofpersonalityhehasanddothingsashepleased);“女人頭發(fā)長,見識短”(womenarelong-hairedbutshort-sighted).Fromtheaboveinstances,itiseasytomakeaconclusionthatwomenhavenoindependentviewpoints,inspiteofthefactthattheyarefreetoexpresstheiropinions,whattheysayisjust“婦人之見”(theuselessandworthlessviewpointsofwomenthatwillnotbetakenseriously).2.3MetaphorsaroundWomenSince“Malesuperiortofemale”hasbeentheconventionalthoughtofChinesepeople,malehasbeenempoweredtodominateandcontrolfemalewhohasnorighttoobjectandprotest.Intheman-orientedsociety,naturally,menenjoymuchhighersocialpositionthanwomen,thusgeneratingthemetaphoricalperception-“Maniscentral;womanisperipheral”陳穎聰,陳穎聰,英漢隱喻概念中性別歧視的語言體現(xiàn)及成因，［J］,江西科技師范學(xué)院學(xué)報,2007Metaphorsdeprecatewomeninarudewaybothbytheliteralmeaningandtheimpliedconceptions.“女人是朵花，總在灶前爬”(womenareflowers,buttheyarealwaysswirlinginthekitchen)connotesthatwomenareprettywithbeautifulappearancebutaredeemedtoworkinthekitchen.“最毒婦人心”(womencanbethemostviciouscreaturesoftheworld)suggeststhatwomenwillbecruelandmalicioustodoanythingtosatisfytheirdesires.“兄弟如手足，女人如衣服”(brotherlyfriendsarelikehandsandfeet;womenarelikeclothes)indicatesthatsincerefriendsareindispensableforamanwhilehecanswitchanddumpawomanwheneverhewants.“她果真是個令人討厭的公共廁所”(sheisindeedadisgustingpublictoilet)revealsthatthissortofwomanisperceivedassopromiscuousthattheywillbeengagedinanykindofsexualmisconduct.III.SimilaritiesofSexisminEnglishandChineseEnglishandChinesebelongtodifferentlanguagephylum,andpeoplewhousethemcomefromdifferentnationalitiesindifferentregions.Nevertheless,peoplelivinginEnglishspeakingcountriesandChinahavegonethroughthesimilarperiodofpatriarchalsocietyinthehistory.Livingasthehumanbeings,therefore,theyhavethesameevolutionaryprocessandtheidenticalphysiologicalstructureofbrain;accordingly,theirthoughtsmakenodifferencewithoutnationalcharacters葉蜚聲，徐通鏘,《語言學(xué)綱要》,[M],北京：北京大學(xué)出版社,1981.Itisnotsurprisingthattherearemanysimilargenderbiasesinthesetwomostpopularlanguages,EnglishandChinese.葉蜚聲，徐通鏘,《語言學(xué)綱要》,[M],北京：北京大學(xué)出版社,19813.1WordOrderWheneverusingEnglishandChinese,aslongasmasculinewordsandfemininewordsareturninguptogether,theformerisalwaysaheadofthelatter.Thisphenomenon,orofficiallydefinedwordorderof“man-woman”,reflectsthesexbiasagainstwomen.Providedthatthearrangementof“man-woman”followstheruleof“goodtobad”whichcanbeexplainedinthecasesof“big-small”and“rich-poor”,itimpliesthatmenaremuchbetterthanwomen.Thisideaseemstogoextreme,butitatthesametimeremindsusofthepossiblenegativeeffectsthewordordermayhaveonpeople’sthinking.Wordsandexpressionsrelatingtomaleandfemalebelowcanbethepotentprooftoexplainthewordorderof“man-woman”.Chinesetermslike夫婦，兒女，男女，公婆，重男輕女，夫唱婦隨，癡男怨女，男女有別，男盜女娼，郎才女貌，夫貴妻榮，impliesthetraditionalidea,男尊女卑(menenjoyhighersocialstatusthanwomen).Likewise,Englishexpressionslikeheandshe,kingandqueen,hostandhostess,fatherandmother,sonanddaughter,husbandandwife,brotherandsisterdenotethegenderdiscriminationagainstwomenbyweakeningfemales’status.Yetthereisanexception,peopleoftensaysladiesandgentlemeninEnglish(“女士們和先生們”inChinese)becauseoftheconventionalconception,ladyfirst（女士優(yōu)先inChinese）,inBritain.3.2NegativeConnotationsforWomenSomewordsrelatingtowomeninitiallyhavethepositiveconnotations,butastimegoesby,theyacquirednegativemeaningsbothinEnglishandChinese.Take“woman”inEnglishand“小姐”inChineseasanexample.“Woman”originallyimpliesanadultfemalehumanbeing,however,ithasbeenattachedwithlotsofnegativeconnotations.Awomanoftown,awomanofstreet,awomanforpleasure,oralousewomanallrefertoaprostitute.Afancywoman,ortheotherwomanarerelevanttoawomanhasanaffairwithamarriedman.InChinese,“小姐”primarilyreferstoadaughterofarichfamily,yetithasbeengraduallyaffiliatedtocertainnegativeconnotations.“小姐脾氣”“嬌小姐”“千金小姐”alldenoteawomanwithapoortemper,delicateorspoiled.Evenworse,themeaningof“小姐”nowinspecialcontextsisaprostitutebringingthiswordaterriblereputation,and“找小姐”meanstohassexualrelationshipwithaprostitute周鳳娟,英漢語言中性別歧視的對比研究,[D],山東：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2009.Thestrangethingisthat“先生”,astheparallelwordof“小姐”,hasneverbeeninvolvedintheimmoralorsensitivesection.Thetermspinsterisrelevanttoanoldsinglewomanwhoisunlikelytomarry,anditsequivalentinChineseis“老處女”.Spinstershouldnotnowbeusedtomeansimplyawomanwhoisnotmarried,sodoesitsChineseequivalent.Ifpeoplecallanunmarriedwoman“老處女”,sheabsolutelywillbefurious.周鳳娟,英漢語言中性別歧視的對比研究,[D],山東：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2009IV.MethodstoAvoidSexisminEnglishandChineseLanguageisthemostlyandfrequentlyusedtoolforpeopletocommunicatewitheachother,andsexisminlanguageisalinguisticvicethatproducedbythelong-termincorrectthought.Thelongerpeopleneglectthisphenomenon,themoreinequalitieswillbeinduced.Consequently,itisofparamountimportanceforeveryonetoknowhowtouseproperlanguagesassameashowtoshowtheirrespecttoeachotherunderaharmoniouscommunicativecircumstance.UnderlyingthestrategiesbelowistheviewthatEnglishandChineselanguagesystemsarecapableofshowinglinguisticequalityofmenandwomen.4.1AdoptingGender-FreeWordsinEnglishEnglishemphaticallyfocusesonmasculinewordsandexpressions,sopeopleareadvisedtoapplygender-freewordsintheirdailylife.Officer,voter,coach,immigrant,salespersonnotsalesmanorsaleswoman,etc.aresomewordswithnogenderbias.Whenthesexisambiguous,peoplearesupposedtousemanorwoman,himorshe,orthepluraltheyinsteadofusingmanorhealonetoconcealthepossibilityofwomanwhowillbelinguisticallyinvisible.Meanwhile,peopleshouldavoidtheparticularexpressionsforfemalewhentheytalk,andaskthegenderofthepersoninvolvedwiththeconversationbeforetheyaskhisorheroccupation.Bydoingso,theycanavoidsayingfemalelawyer,womanjudgeandladyprofessor,andputmaleandfemaleonthesamelevel.4.2AbandoningtheSexistWordsinChineseChinahasacolorfulculture,especiallyitslanguagewhichconsistsofthousandsofChinesecharacters.Therearedefinitelysomewordstoreplacethosedepreciatedwordsandphraseslike“老姑娘”“賤人”“小婊砸”“老處女”.Certainpeopleareeasytoburstintoanger,andsomedirtywordswillcomeoutoftheirmouth.Thiskindofsituationcanbequiteunderstandable,butitishighlyrecommendedthattheywillnotsaythosewordsthatlookdownuponfemalesuchas“去他媽的”“狗娘養(yǎng)的”“臭婊子”.Inotherwords,peoplearesupposedtodroptheinsultingexpressionstowomenoutoftheirdailyconversationswhethertheyareoutoftemperornot.4.3TreatingFemaleasNoExceptionAnotherprominentaspectoffeministlinguisticimprovementconcernedtheaccustomedandout-of-stylethoughtofpeopleinEnglishspeakingcountriesandChina.NowthatsexisminEnglishandChinesestemsfromthesexdiscriminationagainstfemaleinwesternandChinesepeople’smind,toavoidthesexisminlanguage,whatmattersmostistoeliminatetheobsoletethought—malesuperiortofemale,andhelpthemthendrawattentiontotheequalitybetweenmaleandfemale.ThisstrategyaimstochangeatraditionalvalueofpeopleinEnglishspeakingcountriesandChina,whichisverytoughbutnottotallyimpossibletoachieve.TheremustbeatimewhenEnglishandChinesespeakersnoticethesexistlanguagesthatreflectunfairandunrealattitudestowardfemale,soitistrulypossibletoadvocatetwobalancedandequitablelanguagesystemsifsomeproposedchangesarecarriedout.ConclusionSexisminEnglishandChinesecannotonlybeeasilyfoundincommunication,literaturemasterpieces,interculturalaffairs,butalsoinpeople’sminds.Femaleseemstomakesomeachievementstoseektheequaltreatment,whereassexisminlanguagestillisinitsexistencewhichhasbeenelaboratelydiscussedinabovelongsection.Fromthemajorpartofthisthesis,theconclusioncomeseasilythatlinguisticdiscriminationagainstwomeninEnglishandChineseisundeniable.

Strangely,mostpeopleusuallyshowthecontempttofemalewithoutconsciousnessbecauseoftheso-calledcustomofusinglanguage.Toarousepeople’sattentiontothesexisminEnglishandChinese,thisthesishomesinonelaboratingonthreeaspects,namely,typicalphenomenainEnglishandthoseinChinese,andthesimilaritiesofsexisminEnglish.Then,basedonthepreviousresearchesandmybriefanalysis,itexploresthreefeasiblemethodstoimproveandavoidsexisminEnglishandChineserespectively,forthepurposeofhelpingpeopleavoidgenderbiasagainstfemale.Ihopepeoplecanunderstandthenegativeeffectofsexdiscriminationbyregardingmaleasdominantandsuperiorinlanguage,thuscreatinganamicablecommunicativeenvironment.Iexpecteradicatinggenderbiasagainstwomeninlanguagewillbecomerealityandtrulymakemanandwomanequalineducation,politics,jobmarketandotherdomains.LiteratureReviewAbstractLanguageisaverypowerfulelement,andafrequentlyusedmethodofcommunication.Yetitiseasilymisunderstoodandmisinterpretedonaccountofitscomplicatedmechanismwithagreatdealofnuance.Thelanguage,EnglishorChinese,whichpeopleuseinday-to-dayconversation,maydenotegenderbiaswhentheychoosedifferentexpressionswithdiversesentimentalcolors.Sexism(particularlyagainstwomen),decadesagoorinrecentyears,hasbeenaubiquitoussocialphenomenon,influencingfemales’lifeandwork,inwesterncountriesassameasinChina.Hence,genderbiasinlanguagehasremainedaheatedtopicforalongtimeamongsociolinguists,mostofwhomhaveconductednumerousresearchesaboutit.Itmayhelppeopletohaveacrystal-clearideaaboutthispaperbyexplainingthedefinitionofsexismatthebeginning.BasedontheusagesofEnglishandChinese,thispaperillustrateshowthesexistlanguagesdepreciatewomenintermsofappellation,wordorder,proverbs,andsoforth.ThereareseveralevidentsimilaritiesofsexisminEnglishandChinesewhichwillbepresentedinthisthesis.Attheend,thefeasibleapproachestoavoidsexisminlanguagesareofferedbasedonotherresearches.OnlybyintroducingsexisminEnglishandChinesetomorepeoplecanweserveforthebalancedcommunicativeatmosphereandtheessentialequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Keywords:sexism;English;Chinese;improvingmethodsIntroductionSexisminEnglishandChinese,asauniversalphenomenon,isoneoftheaspectsofinequalitiesbetweenmenandwomen.Languageinventedbybothmaleandfemaleenablesmaleholdapowerfulsocialstatus,whereasmakesfemalefeelinferiortomale.Sothelanguageusedtoconveythistypeofmalesupremacyisgenerallyreflectingthehonoredpositionofthemaleandthesubservienceofthefemale.Itisabsolutelynotinappropriatethatpeoplehavetheirrightstouseanywordtoreflectwomen,butwhytheywouldliketochoosethenegativewordsorderogatoryexpressionswhentherearesomanymoretochoosefrom?Withthemixingofculturesandlanguagesinmoderntimes,communicationislikelytobeverycomplicatedanddifficult.Cross-culturalandcross-genderissues,consequently,haveincreasinglyattractedlinguists’attention.Inrecentyears,lotsofsociolinguistshavecarriedoutplentyofresearchesinthisfield.ThisthesisisatentativeattempttoanalyzethesexismbothinChineseandEnglishbylistingoutsomeconspicuoussexistphenomena，andthentodiscussthefeasibleandeffectivewaystoavoidsexisminthesetwolanguagesrespectively.Therefore,tohelppeoplehaveadistinctunderstandingofsexisminEnglishandChineseandbuildupanawarenessofavoidingitisavaluabletopic.TheDefinitionofSexismAsthewomen’sliberationmovementintheU.Sculminatedinthelate1960s,moreandmorepeoplewereawareoftheinequality,suchastheasymmetricaluseoflanguage,betweenmenandwomen.Feminists,inspiredbythewords“racialdiscrimination”,created“sexdiscrimination”,namelysexism.Accordingtothe7theditionOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary,sexismmeans”theunfairtreatmentofpeople,especiallywomen,becauseoftheirsex.”AccordingtoWebsterNinthNewCollegiateDictionary,sexismrefersto“prejudiceordiscriminationbasedonsex，especiallydiscriminationagainstwomen.”Fromtheviewpointoffeminism,thesocietyhasbeenconstructedwithabias,favoringmale,whichcanbelocatedinthelanguagereferringtoassexisminlanguage.Theword“sexism”referstodiscriminationbymembersofonesexagainsttheother,especiallybymalesagainstfemales,basedonthethoughtofpatriarchyculture.Simplyspeaking,sexismisgenderprivilegeofmalesoverfemales.Sexismismanifestinallformsofbehaviorfromsubtlegesturesandespeciallylanguagetoexploitationandoppression,andinallhumaninstitutionsfromthefamilytothemultinationalcorporation.Thefindingsofthestudy3.1TheResearchesonSexisminEnglishandChineseWhetherinwesterncountriesorChina,itisabeliefsystembasedontheassumptionthatthephysicaldifferencesbetweenmalesandfemalesaresosignificantthattheyshoulddeterminevirtuallyallsocialandeconomicrolesofmenandwomen．InthemonographAStudyofSociolinguisticIssues,YangYonglin(2005)saysthatlinguisticsexismindifferentculturesisnotsolelyasymbolicexpression,anditisalsoapoliticizinglanguage,aculturalstereotype,apowerfulideology,asocialpsychologyandacognitivemodereflectedinthelanguagesystems.Itiseasilytofindoutthatsexismpervadessociallife,thinkingsystem,aswellaslanguagerepresentedbyEnglishandChinese.InthearticleOnSexistExpressionanditsCausesintheConceptionofEnglishandChineseMetaphor,ChenYingcong(2007)saysthatinequalitybetweenmaleandfemaleistheproductofthepatriarchalsystemwhichenablesmentobethedominantineconomy,politics,cultureandlanguage.Malediscourse,whetherinwesterncountriesorChina,isthecriteriatoconstructmetaphorsthatrestrictwomen,excludewomen,anddebasewomen,evenregardwomenastheirappendages.Duetotheadoptionoftheeasilyperceivableandunderstandablemetaphors,womenarestillattheunfavorablepositionindailyconversations.InthearticleAStudyonLinguisticSexismEmbeddedinChineseandEnglishKinshipTerms,CongLi(2012)arguesthatkinshiptermsarethereflectionofthegeneticandmarriagerelationshipsandasetofspecialverbalsign.Theymostlyfollowtheprincipleofmalefirstduetothelong-termlanguagehabitmasculinetermsareusuallyplacedbeforefeministterms,whichapparentlydenotethesexismagainstfemale.Thus,kinshiptermsareseemlyquitepolitewhenaddressingpeople,buttheyinevitablyimplygenderbias.Despitethewordorder,theappellationitselfforwomenlike“Mrs.”inEnglishand“唐夫人”inChineseindicatestheirsubordinatesocialstatus.AccordingtothedissertationAComparativeStudyonSexisminEnglishandChinese,ZhouFengjuan(2009)statesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofsexismbetweenEnglishandChinese.Byexemplifyingthesexistlanguagefromtheperspectiveofwordformation,wordorder,genericmasculineterms,andsoforth,shepointsoutthatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtothesexisminEnglishandChinese.Hereistheinspirationcomingfromherdissertation:EnglishspeakersandChinesespeakersarefromdifferentculturalbackgroundswithdifferentcustoms,behaviorprinciplesandlifestyles,buttheirlanguagesmanifestthesamethoughtofmalesuperioritytofemale.SexisminEnglishandChinesehasalreadyarousedlotsofsociolinguists’attentionwhereaspeoplewhoareapplyingthelanguagetotheirdailylifehavenotrealizedgenderbiasintheirconversations.Therefore,itisofgreatimportancetohelppeopletospotthelinguisticsexism