2022年黑龍江大學(xué)英語考試考前沖刺卷6測

2022年黑龍江大學(xué)英語考試考前沖刺卷

（本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。）

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1.Task1

Whatsuggestiondoesthewritergiveinthepassage

A.It'snotgoodtobuytheproductwhichissoldinaglassordish.

B.Thequalityofacontainerhasnothingtodowiththequalityofthe

product.

C.Thebestchoiceforabuyeristobuyaproductinaplainpackage.

D.Abuyershouldbuywhatheneedsmostratherthanawell-designedpackag

2.Task4

SuccessfulIanguagelearningisactive,sosuccessfuIlearners.

A.waitforachancetousethelanguage

B.lookforachancetousethelanguage

C.onlyusethelanguageinclass

D.trytoavoidusingthelanguage

3.Task2

Thepresident5shomeandthecityofWashingtonwere.

A.builtbytheAmericanarmy

B.builtbytheBritishtroops

C.plannedbyGeorgeWashington

D.plannedbyaFrenchman

4.Task3

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatasmartconsumershouId.

A.thinkcarefullyaboutthebenefitsdescribedintheadvertisements

B.guardagainstthedeceivingnatureofadvertisements

C.befamiliarwithvariousadvertisingstrategies

D.avoidbuyingproductsthathavestrongemotionalappeal

5.Task5

By"hisoutdoorcousins",theauthormeans.

A.otherexperimenters

B.theotherdovesofthesamebrood

C.dovesunderthenaturalsky

D.otherbirdsingeneral

6.Task1

WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage

A.Infactglassesordishesusedforpackagingdonotcostmoneyatall.

B.HFamilySize“printedonthepackagemeansthatitisrathereconomic.

C.Toachild,eventoanadult,theformisfarmoreimportantthanthe

content.

D.Wordsandpictureswrittenonthepackagearethoughttobean

advertisement.

7.Task5

Theexperimentwiththedoveindicatesthat.

A.birdshavetobetaughttonavigate

B.abirdthathasbeencagedwillnotflylongdistances

C.somebirdscannotflyatnight

D.somebirdsseemtofollowthestarswhentheyflyatnight

8.Task4

WhydosuccessfuIIanguagelearnerswanttolearntheIanguage

A.Becausetheywanttofindbetterjobs.

B.Becausetheywanttogetgoodmarksintheirexams.

C.Becausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeak

it.

D.Becausetheyhaveaknackforlearninglanguages.

9.Task2

TheoriginalhomeofthepresidentneededtoberebuiIt.

A.becauseJohnAdams'wifedidnotlikeit

B.becauseitwascoldinwinterevenwith50fireplaces

C.becauseithadburneddownduringthewar

D.becauseGeorgeWashingtonwasnotwillingtoliveinit

10.Task3

Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.howtomakeawisebuyingdecision

B.waystoprotecttheinterestsoftheconsumer

C.thepositiveandnegativeaspectsofadvertising

D.thefunctionofadvertisementsinpromotingsales

11.Task1

Whatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthepassage

A.HowtoPackageaProduct

B.HowtoMakeanAdvertisement

C.HowtoSellProducts

D.HowtoAttractMoreBuyers

12.Task5

Intotaldarkness,doves.

A.uselandmarks

B.don'tknowwhichwaytofly

C.flybackhome

D.waitforthestarstoappear

13.Task2

Thenewpresidentialhomewaspaintedwhiteto.

A.coverthemarksoffire

B.attracttouristsfromFrance

C.pleaseMrs.JohnAdams

D.keepitwarminwinter

14.Task4

Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A.explaintheimportanceoflanguagelearning

B.introducesomeusefultechniquesoflanguagelearning

C.teachpeoplehowtolearnEnglish

D.comparelanguageteachingwithlanguagelearning

15.{{B}}TextB{{/B}}

FewmaterialthingsinIifearemoreexcitingthantherightkindofhoteI

room.ThekindwithaIargetelevisionandaweII-stockedvideocoIlection;

withaminibarladenwithjellybeansandpaprika-flavouredcrisps;with

abathroomdeckedwithfIuffywhitetowels,robesandaco11ectionof

miniaturebottIesofshampoo;withathickroom-servicemenuoffering

alI-nightdining.Thechancetostayinanicehotelcanbecapableof

convincingeventheinconsolablethatIifeisworthIiving.

Thebesthotelroomsachievetheirdistinetivecharminpartbecause

theycombinetheadvantagesofamoderncommercialenvironment,andalI

thenewnessandshininessweassociatewiththem,withtheadvantages

ofhomewherewecanwanderaroundnaked,pickournoseswithimpunity

andfeelprivateandunwatched.Forafewnights,theplacewecalIhome

resemblesanidealisedversionofwhatourownhomesmightbelike,if

onlywecouldaffordtorepairthecracksinthewallsandchangealI

thefurniture.TostayinoneoftheIanShragerhoteIs--St.Martins

LaneorSandersoninLondon,forexampIe-feelsIikesteppingintoa

shinyandperfectmagazineworld.Withtheirbriskefficiencyand

soothingcolourschemes,thesehoteIsallowustothinkofIifeas

somethingthatmightforeverbebeautifuI,calmandcomprehensible.

GoodhoteIsarealsoaprofoundsourceofafeelingoflove.Howmight

awordgenerallyusedonlyinrelationtowhatwegetfromaparentor

aromanticcompanionbeappIiedtosomethingwemightbeofferedbya

hotelPerhapswecoulddefineloveasakindofattentiveness;a

sensitivitybyonepersontoanotherJsexistence.Advertisementsfor

theFourSeasonshotelchainconstantlyemphasizethelovethatis

showeredonitsguests;weseeamaidhuntingforjusttherightpillow,

sothatsleepofguestswiIIbedeepandsoul-restoring-thekindof

carewemightlasthaveexperiencedwhenwewereiIIasachildand

pamperedinbedbyadevotedparentwhobroughttoastsoldiersandaIIowed

ustowatchtelevisionalIday.

Hotelroomscanbewonderfulplacesinwhichtothink.Itisno

coincidencethatmanyofthe20thCentury5sgreatestnoveIswerewritten

inhotelrooms.AnunfamiIiarsettingoffersanopportunitytoescape

ourhabitsofmind:lyinginbed,theroomquietexceptfortheoccasional

swooshingofanelevatorintheinnardsofthebuiIding,wecandrawa

Iienunderwhatprecededourarrival,andwecanoverflygreatandignored

stretchesofourexperience.

AlIthatsaid,therecanbenothingworsethanfindingthatoneis

nothappyinabeautifuIhoteI,IrecaIIgoingtostayattheOldCataract

inAswan,Egypt,withagirlfriendafewyearsago.Thesettingwasidyllic,

andyetonedayatlunch,wemanagedtohaveanargument(aboutnothing)

inthehoteldiningroom,whichspoiIttheentireexperience.WetelI

intoadeepsulkandreturnedtoourroom.Ithadbeencleanedinour

absence.ThebedhadfreshIinen.Therewereflowersonthechestof

drawersandnewtoweIsinthebathroom.Itoreonefromthepileandwent

tositontheveranda,closingtheFrenchwindowsviolently.

ThetreeswerethrowingagentIeshade,thecrisscrosspatternsof

thepalmsoccasionallyrearrangingthemseIvesintheafternoonbreeze.

Buttherewasnopleasureinsuchbeauty.Ithadbecomeirrelevantthat

thereweresofttowels,flowersandattractiveviews.Mymoodrefused

tobeIiftedbyanyexternalprop;itevenfeltinsultedbytheperfection

ofthehoteI.

Themiseryofthatafternoonwasareminderoftheficklenatureof

ourspirits.WhenweencounterapictureofabeautifuIhoteIrandimagine

thathappinessmustnaturallyaccompanysuchmagnificence,weshould

rememberhowquicklyitcanbemadeinsignificantbyonesulk.Andyet,

ofcourse,thatshouldneverbeenoughtostopuscheckingin.

Inanicehotelonecanenjoywhichofthefollowingadvantagesofhome

A.Asenseofownership.

B.Closenesstofamilymembers.

C.Privacy.

D.Asenseofbelonging.

16.

InthissectionthereareseveralreadingpassagesfoIIowedbyatotal

oftwentymu11ipIe-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyour

answersonyouranswersheet.

{(Bl}TextA({/B}}

PeopIearemovingtocitiesindroves.In1950,two-thirdsoftheworIds5

popuIationIivedinthecountryside.NewYorkwasthentheonIysettIement

withmorethan10millionpeople.Todaythereare20suchmegacities,

andmoreareontheway.

Mostofthesemegacitiesareindevelopingcountriesthatare

struggIingtocopewithboththespeedandthescaleofhumanmigration.

Estimatesofthefuturespreadofurbanizationarebasedonthe

observationthatinEurope,andinNorthandSouthAmerica,theurban

shareofthetotalpopuIationhasstabiIizedat75%—85%.Iftherest

oftheworIdfollowsthispathitisexpectedthatinthenextdecade

anextra100miIIionpeopIewiIIjointhecitiesofAfricayand340million

thecitiesofAsia:theequivalentofanewBangkokeverytwomonths.

By2030nearlytwo-thirdsoftheworld5spopulationwiIIbeurban.

Inthelongrun,thatisgoodnews.Ifcountriesnowindustrialising

followthepatternofthosethathaveaIreadydoneso,theircity-dweIlers

wiIIbebothmoreprosperousandhealthier.Manisgregariousspecies,

andtheWordsr,urbane"and"civilised"bothderivefromtheadvantages

ofIivinginlargesettlements.

Historyalsoshows,though,thatthetransitioncanbeuncomfortable.

ThesIumsofManchesterwere,intheirtime,justasawfulasthoseof

Nairobitoday.ButpeopIemovedthereforexactIythesamereason:however

nastyconditionsseemed,theopportunitiesofurbanIifeoutstripped

thoseofthecountryside.Thequestionishowbesttohandlethechange.

Ifthereisonethingthateverybodyagreeson,itisthaturbanization

isunstoppable.Migrantsattemptingtoescapepoverty,andrefugees

escapingconfIict,arepilingintocitiesinwhattheexecutivedirector

ofUN-HABITAT,Anna,TibaiIjuka,describesas"prematureurbanization.n

DrTibaijukabeIievesitmightbepossibletoslowthepaceof

migrationfromthecountrysidewithpoliciesthatenhancesecurityand

ruralIiveIihoods.Thereisroomfordebate,though,overwhetherbetter

ruraIdeveIopmentinanyformcanseriouslyslowthepaceofurbanisation

—orevenwhethersuchasIowdownwouldbeagoodthing.

MichaelMutter,anurbanplanningadviserattheBritishgovernmentJ

sDepartmentforInternationalDeveIopment(DFID),saysthattherelevant

indicatorssuggestthatinmanycountriestheeffective"carrying

capacity"ofruralareashasbeenreached.AshappenedinEuropeinthe

18thcentury,popuIationgrowthandtechnologicalimprovementsto

agriculturearecreatingasurpluspopulation.Thatsurplushastogo

somewheretoearnitsIiving.

Indeed,somepeopIegosofarsotoarguethatgovernments,

internationaldonorsandaidagenciesspendtoomuchonruraldeveIopment

andnegIectthecities.MostcountrieshavearuraldeveIopmentpolicy,

butonlyafewhaveurbanones.DFID,forexampIe,spendsonly5%ofits

budgetdirectlyonurbandeveIopment.Moreover,thesecriticspointout

that,althoughruralareasoftenhaveworsesanitation,iIIiteracyand

homelessnessthancities,suchfiguresaredeceptive.Beingi11iterate,

homeIessorwithoutaccesstoaflushtoiletarefarmoreseriousproblems

inacrowdedcitythaninthecountryside.

OfthemanyIessonsbeingIearntfrompasturban-deveIopmentfaiIuresv

oneofthemostimportantisthatimprovementsmustinvoIvelocalpeopIe

inameaningfuIway.Evenwhenitcomestothepoorestslumdwellersfsome

governmentsandcityauthoritiesarerealizingthatpeopIearetheirown

greatestassets.SlumdwellersInternationalisacollectionof

"grassroots"federationsofpeopIeIivinginslums.Itsideaissimple.

Slum-dwellersinaparticularplacegettogetherandformafederation

tostrengthenlocalsavingsandcreditschemes,andtolobbyforgreater

co-operationwiththeauthorities.Suchfederationsarehavingabig

impactonslum-upgradingschemesaroundtheworld.

BysurveyingIocaIneedsandactingasvoicesforsIum-dweIlers,these

federationshavebeenabletoshowtheauthoritiesthatslum-dwellers

arenotsimplyahomogenousandanonymousmassofurbanpoor,butare

realpeopIeinneedofrealservices.Theyhavealsobeenabletoapply

pressureforimprovementsinsecurityoftenure-eitherthrough

temporaryguaranteesofresidencyor,betterstill,formalownership.

SuchsecuretenuregivespeopIeanincentivetoimprovetheirdwelIings

andisthusthecrucialfirststeptoupgradingaslumintoasuburb.

Overthepastsixyears,SouthAfrica'sgovernmenthasbeenpursuing

anactiveprogrammeofhousingimprovement.Thegovernmentquicklyre

A.thesideeffectsofurbanization

B.megacitiesindevelopingcountries

C.thecausesbehindimmigrationtocities

D.waystoslowdownthepaceofimmigration

17.{{B}}TextD{{/B}}

InthewarsoverinformationtechnoIogyintheuniversity,IamaneutraI.

Iamneitheranenthusiastnoracriticbutarealist.Realistshaveit

hard:theydon,thaveaneasyrhetorictheycanuse,andtheydon't

fitintotheconventionaIHproversuscon"storyframewithinwhichthese

disputesarenarrated.IknowpeopIeinbothcamps,thoughIadmitthat

Ifindtheextremistsintheenthusiasts5campmuchmoreinsufferable

thantheextremistsinthecritics'camp.

Intalkingtobothcamps,Ihavenoticedapattern.ManypeopIeon

bothsidesimaginethemseIvestobeasmaIIandembattledminoritypushing

upagainsttheinertiaofestabIishedinstitutions.Theenthusiasts,many

ofthem,areindividualfacultyandresearcherswhoaredepressedatthe

difficultyofpersuadingtheirinstitutionstosupportlarge-scale

initiativesinthisarea,andattheircolleagueswhoremainfocusedon

theirindividualresearchtopicsandnotontheurgentworkof

revoIutionizingtheinstitutiontotakeadvantageofthetechnoIogy.The

critics,manyofthem,areIikewiseindividuaIfacultyandresearchers

whoseeuniversityadministrationsactingIikecorpora!ionsandentering

intopartnershipswithcorporationstocreatecommercializedcyber

universitieswithnoregardforthefaculty,orforwhateducationreally

means.AlthoughtheseviewsseemIikeopposites,theycomeremarkably

closetobothbeingright.Iwanttotranscendwhattheyhaveincommon

——asenseoffutiIitythatderivesfromaninefficiencyofimagination.

Noteveryonefitsthesetwopatterns,ofcourse.Someuniversities

dohavetechnoIogyenthusiastswhoarerunningsignificantprograms

onIine,forexampIedegreeprogramsthathavestudentsinSingapore.And

aremarkabIenumberofcriticallymindedpeopIehavehadahandinshaping

eitherthetechnoIogyortheirowninstitutions'useofit.Andrew

FeenbergofSanDiegoStateisanexampIe;hedidsomethefirst,ifnot

theveryfirst,experimentswithonIineteachingaImosttwentyyearsago.

MikeCoIeatUCSanDiegohasbeenrunningclassesatmu11ipIeUCcampuses

overvideoIinks.Thereareothers.ThesepeopIearenotanti-technoIogy;

thatisnotwhat"criticalnmeanstothem.Rather,theywanttoensure

thatthetechnologyisusedinawaythatfitswithseriousideasabout

education,sothatthetechnoIogyitselfdoesnotdriveeducationaI

theoryorpractice.

AlthoughIamfriendswithmanypeopIeinthislattercamp,mywork

doesnotfitintoanycamp.IdooftenusetechnoIogyininterestingways

inmycIasses,butIamnottryingtochangetheworIdbydoingso.Instead,

myworkinthisareaismainlyanalyticalandnormative.Iwanttosketch

astructureofideasfromwhichwemightworkinreinventingthe

universityinthewiredworld.IamnottryingtoshapetechnoIogyin

adirectway;rather,Iwanttoshapeimagination-imaginationnotjust

abouttechnoIogy,butaboutthelargerunitofanalysisthatincludes

boththetechnoIogyitselfandtheinstitutionswithinwhichitis

embedded.

Myworkisalsodistinetfromthevaluablecommunitythatconducts

researchonorganizationalinformatics-theinstitutionaIdynamics,

largelycognitiveandpoIiticaIinnature,thataffecthowinformation

technoIogygetsusedinparticularorganizationalcontexts.ThesepeopIe

focussquarelyonthepoliticalprocessesthatshapeinformation

technoIogy:officepolitics,forexample,orthepoliticsthatare

5

shapingthedeveIopmentofonlinepubIishingyasinRobKIingscurrent

workatIndiana.Suchworkisthoroughlyneeded,butit'snotwhatI,

mdoing.I'mfocusedonprescriptionandimagination-not"howisit

done"but"howshoulditbedoneH.Weoftenthinkofimaginationas

anescapefromreality,butthat'snotwhatImean.Iwanttodevelop

arealisticimagination,onethatisinformedbytherealdynamicsof

institutions,bythereaIgrindingsofpowerpolitics.Iwanttointervene

inthesepoliticstprovidingtherawimaginativematerialthatwi11be

neededbyanyonewhoistryingtosetthingsstraight.

WhatdothoseinvoIvedinthewarsoverinformationtechnoIogyinthe

universityhaveincommon

A.Theyareunhappywithestablishedinstitutions.

B.Theyaredetachedforindividualfacultyandresearchers.

C.Theyareself-interested.

D.Theyembracethecommercializationoftheuniversity.

18.{{BHTextC{{/B}}

OfalIthedrearydemystificationoffemaIeexperienceadvancedby

feminists,surelyoneofthesilliestistheclaimthattheheroinesof

girls'classicsheIpedturngenerationsofadmiringreadersinto

miIksops.YetthatisthethesisofDeborah0*Keefe5sGoodGirlMessages:

HowYoungWomenWereMisledbyTheirFavoriteBooks.

AformerprofessorofEnglishatVassarandManhattanviIIe,0,Keefe

wouldpersuadeusthat"manygirlsweredamagedbycharacters,plots,

andthemesinthebookstheyreadandloved,Mbecauseinthesebooks

"femalevirtue”isinvariablyboundupwith"sit-still,Iook-good

messages.,rArguingfromsupposedlystereotypicalIiteraryscenes

depictionsofmothersmakingtheirdaughtersfeelsafeandloved,for

exampIe-alongwithominousanecdotesattemptingtoshowhowthewomen

ofherowngenerationarepassiveandpliant,O'KeefeinsiststhatuntiI

about1950,avastIiteraryconspiracywastryingtosuckthebrainsand

spiritoutoflittlegirls.

Whatisimpressiveaboutthiscontentionistheboldnessofits

inversionofreaIity.Indeed,0'Keefedoesherreadersafavorbysending

usscurryingtoourshelvestoporethroughhalf-forgotten,weII-1oved

storiesandconfirmthat,sureenough,theexactoppositeistree:The

greatgirls'booksofthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies(many

ofthemfurtherpopularizedinfiIm,television,andstageversions)are

fiIledwithactive,vibrantyoungwomennotabIefortheirmoraIstrength.

ThesenoveIscelebratecharacteringirlsandwomeninawaythattheir

contemporarycounterparts,filledwithcharactersbroodingovernasty

boysandweightproblems,seIdomdo.

Torevisitthegirls'classicsofthenineteenthandtwentieth

centuries,actually,istoenteraheroines,halloffame.Thisdoesn,

tstopO'KeefefromdisparagingcharactersIike“bravebutpassive"Sara

Crewe.ThecentralfigureinALittlePrinces(1950)bytheEnglish-born

AmericanwriterFrancesHodgsonBurnett,best,knownforTheSecret

Garden(1911),Saraendureshardship,includingherbeIovedfather5s

deathandherresultingpoverty,inawaythatahsinspiredgirlsfor

acentury."Youhavetobearthings,nSaraexplainstoafriendearly

inthestory,whenherfatherhasleftheratboardingschool."Think

whatsoldiersbear!Papaisasoldier.Iftherewasawarhewouldhave

tobearmarchingandthirstinessand,perhaps,deepwounds.AndhewouId

neversayaword-notoneword.H

Thiskindofstoicismisbad,0'Keefeexplains,because

eleven-year-oldSaradoesn'tescapeherawfulsituationonherown,but

merelysuffersuntiIaheroicmale,herfather5soldfriend,rescues

her.Besides,\snttheresomethingsinister,O'Keefeinsinuates,about

this"father-worship1'Yetitwouldbehardforparentstoprovidetheir

daughtersabettermodelofgenerosityandresourcefulnessthanSara

Crewe.WiththeheIpofafewfriendsandavividimagination,shecreates

aninnerIifeasa“princess“thathelpsherenduretheworst

circumstanceswithdignity.Inthebooks'mostmovingscene,Sarauses

acoinshehasfoundtobuysixbuns,thengivesfiveofthemtoabeggar

girlwhoisevenhungrierthansheis.

Sarawastalkingtoherself,thoughshewassickatheart.MIf19

maprincess,11shewassaying,"IfTmaprincess-whentheywerepoor

anddrivenfromtheirthrones-theyaIwaysshared-withthepopuIace

—iftheymetonepoorerandhungrierthanthemselves.M

Sara5simaginaryroyaltygivesdefinitiontoherprivatesenseof

whosheis:oneheldtoaveryhighstandard.Henotionaboutprincesses

(whetherornotBurnettintendedit)reflectstheBibiicaIconcept,

secondnaturetonineteenthcenturyreaders,thatthegreatestofalI

isthepersonwhoservesothers.ItmakesSarasoattractivethather

storyhasnevergoneoutofprint.

DeborahO'Keefenotwithstanding,youngwomenshouldbeencouraged

todowhatmanyofthemaIreadyaredoing:readthecIassicgirIs5stories

andgreatnoveIs.TheirparentsandteachersandalItheotheradults

intheirIives,meanwhiIe,shouldwakeuptothevitalimportanceof

reinforcingthelessonsinfemininityandcharacterthattheseoldbooks

arenowaImostaloneinteaching.

Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A.feministssupportthevaluesofgirls'classics

B.feministsmystifytherolesofgirls'classics

C.DeborahO'Keefeechoesthefeminists,claim

D.DeborahO'Keefeisastaunchfeminist

19.{{BjjTextE{{/B}}

Somethinghasbeenhappeningtotheconceptof"fiction,"bothin

criticaldiscourseandelsewhere.Foralongtime,thisconceptoperated

undercommonIyunderstoodrestrictions.Itwasusedtorefer(1)toa

certaingenreofIiterature;(2)toacertainaspectofIiteraturein

general-theeIementofplot,action,orfable,includingsuch

constituentsascharacter,setting,scene,andsoon;(3)toanynarrative

orstorycontainingalargeeIementofinvention.Butrecently,the

conceptof"fiction"hasundergoneanexpansion.Thoughstillusedto

refertotheactionorplotofIiteraryworks,ithascometobeapplied

tosomethingmore:totheideas,themes,andbeIiefsthatareembodied

intheactionorplot.ItisnotonlytheeventsinIiteraturethatare

regardedasfictivebutthe"message"ornworIdview"conveyedinthe

presentationoftheeventsasweII.Andthisisnottheendofthematter.

Goingastepfarther,criticsnowsometimessuggest,bykindoftautology,

thatIiterarymeaningsarefictionsbecausealImeaningsarefictions,

eventhoseofnonIiteraryIanguage,includingtheIanguageofcriticism.

Inthesemostextremeflights,this