杭州電子科技大學基礎(chǔ)英語2012-2019年考研專業(yè)課真題

杭州電子科技大學

2018年攻讀碩士學位研究生招生考試

《基礎(chǔ)英語》試題

（試題共四大題，共10頁，總分150分）

姓名報考專業(yè)______________準考證號

【所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，做在試卷或草稿紙上無效！】

I.VocabularyandStructure

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.

B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWER

SHEET.

本大題共30小題，每小題1分,本大題共30分

1.Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemostandbeneficialformofcare.

A.pertinentB.appropriateC.acuteD.persistent

2.Amongallthechangesresultingfromtheentryofwomenintotheworkforce,thetransformationthat

hasoccurredinthewomenthemselvesisnottheleastimportant.

A.massiveB.quantitativeC.surplusD.formidable

3.Mr.Smithbecameverywhenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant

4.Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsintoones.

A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious

5.Thecycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

A.incompatibleB.exceedingC.instantaneousD.eternal

6.Thespeakeruswithtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure.

A.detouredB.offsetC.tantalizedD.ushered

7.1assureyoutherewasnomotiveinmysuggestion.

A.ulteriorB.stationaryC.vulgarD.toxic

8.Despitehiswealthandposition,hehasanpersonality.

A.unassumingB.unprecedentedC.underminingD.uncouth

9.Ifyouspillhotliquidonyourskinitwillyou.

A.scaleB.scaldC.shunD.shunt

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10.Themicewhenthecatcame.

A.rambledB.lingeredC.saunteredD.scampered

Itysunlikemysistertomeeveryweek.

A.ifshedidn'twriteB.ifnotwriting

C.nottowriteD.notwriting

12.Theyfailedtopasstheexamlasttime.1regretted.

A.beingunabletohelpB.tobenotabletohelp

C.beingnotabletohelpD.notbeabletohelp

13.iscallederosion.

A.LandwhichwearsawayB.Thewearingawayofland

C.TowearawaylandD.Wearingawayland

14.Variablessuchasindividualandcorporatebehaviornearlyimpossibleforeconomiststoforecast

economictrendswithprecision.

A.makeB.tomakeitC.itmakesD.makeit

15.inanatmosphereofrigidPuritanism（清教主義），Harrietdemonstratedaninterestintheologyata

youngage.

A.RaisedB.ToberaisedC.RaisingD.Shewasraised.

16.Whennearthehorizon,theMoonappearsstrikinglylarger.

A.seeingB.sawC.havingbeenseenD.seen

17.MIcan*tseetheblackboardverywelL,'Perhapsyouneed

A.toexamineyoureyesB.tohaveyoureyesexamined

C.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.examiningyoureyes

18.Wefoundthatwedidn'tfeeluptothatmorning.

A.gofbraspringoutingB.mark

C.beingcomfortableD.goingshopping

19.Wedon'twhattheymeantbysayingthat.

A.figureinB.figureonC.figureoutD.figureup

20.Thesedocumentswereattheoffice.

A.ondeckB.onfileC.oncreditD.ontheplan

21.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfonthefloor.

A.lyingB.liedC.tolieD.lie

22.Hedislikedourplanthefirst.

A.atB.inC.forD.from

23.Thestudyofmeaninginlinguisticsiscalled.

A.semanticsB.morphologyC.pragmaticsD.phonetics.

24.Modemlinguisticsgivesprioritytotheformoflanguage,whichisconsideredasmorebasic.

A.spokenB.writtenC.oralD.formal

25.Thebasicunitinphonologyiscalled,anditisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.

A.phonemeB.phoneC.allophoneD.sound

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26.Intheword“carelessness”,“careless”is.

A.asuffixB.arootC.astemD.aprefix

27.isthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandde-contextualized.

A.SenseB.ReferentC.ReferenceD.Symbol

28.WhowrotethepoemOdetotheWestWind?

A.WilliamShakespeareB.WilliamBlake

C.PercyByssheShelleyD.WilliamWordsworth

29.WhowrotethepoemOdetoaNightingale?

A.WilliamShakespeareB.JohnKeats

C.PercyByssheShelleyD.WilliamWordsworth

30.isanovelbyNobelPrize-winningEnglishauthoraboutagroupofBritishboysstuckonan

uninhabitedislandwhotrytogovernthemselves,withdisastrousresults.

A.APassagetoIndia,E.M.ForsterB.TheRainbow,D.H.Lawrence

C.LordoftheFlies,WilliamGoldingD.TotheLighthouse.VirginiaWoolf

II.Cloze

Directions:Eachblankinthefollowingpassageiswithfourpossiblechoices.Readthewholepassageand

choosethebestanswerforeachblank.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

本大題共20小題，每小題1.5分，本大題共30分

Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,_1_intoahobbyandlatelyhas

turnedintoafull-time2.ThetwodevelopersofYahoo,DavidFiloandJerryYang,Ph.D_3_in

ElectricalEngineeringatStanfordUniversity,startedtheirguideinApril1994asawaytokeep_4_oftheir

personalinterestontheInternet.Beforelongthey_5_thattheirhomebrewedlistswerebecomingtoolongand

6.GraduallytheybegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYahoo.

During1994,they_7_yahoointoacustomizeddatabasedesignedto_8_theneedsofthethousandsof

users_9_begantousetheservicethroughtheclosely_10_Internetcommunity.Theydevelopedcustomized

softwaretohelpthem_11_locate,identifyandeditmaterial_12_ontheInternet.ThenameYahoois_13_

tostandfor"YetAnotherHierarchicalOfficiousOrale",butFiloandYanginsisttheyselectedthe_14_because

theyconsideredthemselvesyahoos.Yahooitselffirst_15_onYang'sworkstation,"akebonoM,whilethesearch

enginewas_16_onFilo'scomputer,**KonishikiM.

Inearly1995MarcAndersen,co-fbunderofNetscapeCommunicationinMountainView,California,invited

FiloandYangtomovetheirfiles_17__tolargercomputers_18_atNetscape.AsaresultStanford'scomputer

networkreturnedto_19,andbothpartiesbenefited.Today,Yahoo__20_organizedinformationontensof

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thousandsofcomputerslinkedtotheweb.

I.A.becameB.grewC.turnD.intend

2.A.interestB.likingC.favorD.passion

3.A.applicantsB.candidatesC.employersD.employees

4.A.touchB.contactC.trackD.record

5.A.foundedB.foundC.arguedD.reported

6.A.unwieldyB.toughC.tamableD.invaluable

7.A.exchangedB.shankC.soldD.converted

8.A.explainB.serveC.discoverD.evaluate

9.A.whichB.whoC.actuallyD.eagerly

10.A.relativeB.interactiveC.boundD.contacted

1LA.fluentlyB.efficientlyC.exactlyD.actually

12.A.transmittedB.purchasedC.soldD.stored

13.A.aboutB.boundC.goingD.supposed

14.A.fableB.modelC.nameD.brand

15.A.supportedB.residedC.livedD.launched

16.A.connectedB.lodgedC.introducedD.linked

17.A.overB.awayC.insideD.beneath

18.A.housedB.caughtC.hosedD.hidden

19.A.averageB.normalC.ordinaryD.equal

20.A.attainsB.detainsC.maintainsD.contains

III.ReadingComprehension

Directions:Therearefourreadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoice.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

本大題共20小題，每小題2分，本大題共40分

PassageA

Howcanwegetridofgarbage?Dowehaveenoughcnei)jysourcestomeetourfutureenergyneeds?

Thesearetwoimportantquestionsthatmanypeopleareaskingtoday.Somepeoplethinkthatmenmighthe

abletosolvebothproblemsatthesametime.Theysuggestusinggarbageasanenergysource.

Foralongtimepeopleburiedgarbageordumpeditonemptyland.Now,emptylandisscarce.Butmoreand

moregarbageisproducedeachyear.Butgarbagecanbeagoodfueltouse.Thethingsingarbagedonotlooklike

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coal,petroleum,ornaturalgas;buttheyarechemicallysimilartothesefossilfuels.Asweuseupourfossil-fiie!

supplies,wemightbeabletousegarbageasanenergysource.

Burninggarbageisnotanewidea.SomecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStateshavebeenburninggarbagefbr

years.Theheatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisusedtoboilwater.Thesteamthatisproducedisusedto

makeelectricityortoheatnearbybuildings.InParis,France,somepowerplantsbumalmost2millionmetrictons

ofthecity'sgarbageeachyear.Theamountofenergyproducedisaboutthesaneaswouldheproducedbyburning

almostahalfmillionbarrelsofoil!

Butthereareproblemsinusinggarbageasafuel.Garbagethatbumseasily,suchasfoodscrapsandpaper,

mustbeseparatedfrommetals,glass,andothermaterialsthatdonotbumeasily.Thisseparationprocessis

normallycostly.Anotherproblemisthatburninggarbagecanpollutetheair.

Ourfossilfuelsuppliesarelimited.Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanuseto

helpmeetourenergyneeds.Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountofgarbagepilingupontheearth.

1.Whattwoproblemscanbesolvedbyburninggarbage?

A.Theshortageofenergy;Airpollution.

B.Theshortageofenergy;Theshortageofemptylandforholdinggarbage.

C.Airpollution;Theshortageofemptylandforholdinggarbage.

D.Airpollution;Theshortageoffossilfuel.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaresultofburninggarbage?

A.Theheatproducedisusedtoboilwater.

B.Thesteamproducedisusedtomakeelectricity.

C.Thegarbageburnedisturnedintofossilfuels.

D.Thesteamproducedisusedtoheatbuildings.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfourgroupsofgarbageisreadyfbrburning?

A.foodscrapsandmetalsB.paperandglass

C.metalsandglassD.foodscrapsandpaper

4.WhichofthefollowingmethodsofexpositionisNOTusedinthispassage?

A.questionsandanswersB.figurers

C.examplesD.analogy

5.Whatisthegeneraltoneofthepassage?

A.optimisticB.indifferentC.advocatingD.anxious

PassageB

Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal''conveyorbelt"redistributesocean

organisms.ItTsplanetwidebiologicaldisruptionthatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.

Dr.Carlton—anoceanographeratWilliamsCollegeinWilliamstown,Mass.—explainsthat,atanygiven

moment,4thereareseveralthousand[marine]species[travelling]...intheballastwaterofships."These

creaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtear

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thatwebapart.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamousinvasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebra

mussels.

Suchvoraciousinvadersatleastmaketheirpresenceknown.WhatconcernsCarltonandhisfellowmarine

ecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundthe

worldeveryday.Manyofthemprobablyjustdieout.Somebenignly-orevenbeneficially—jointhelocalscene.

Butsomewillmaketrouble.

Inonesense,thisisanoldstory.Organismshaveriddenshipsfbrcenturies.Theyhaveclungtohullsand

comealongwithcargo.What,snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevulume

ofship-ballastwater—takenintoprovideshipstability—continuouslymovingaroundtheworld...

Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastin

anotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofgallons.Somelarger

shipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarvafreefloating

stage.Whendischargedinalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish,slugs,andmanyotherforms.

Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,

solveit.Coastaloi^anismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomidoceanwouldnotsurvive.Suchabanhasworked

fbrNorthAmericanInlandWatenvay.Butitwouldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwateror

strainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientists

wouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.

Thecontinuousshufflingofmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.Itcanhave

devastatingeffectsasinthecaseoftheAmericancombjellyfishthatrecentlyinvadedtheBlackSea.Ithas

destroyedthatsea'sanchovyfisherybyeatinganchovyeggs.ItmaysoonspreadtowesternandnorthernEuropean

waters.

Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological^conveyorbelt"shouldsupportacoordinatedinternational

efforttofindoutwhat.isgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.

6.AccordingtoDr.Carlton,oceanoi^anismsare

A.beingmovedtonewenvironments.B.destroyingtheplanet.

C.succumbingtothezebramussel.D.developingaliencharacteristics.

7.Oceanographersareconcernedbecause

A.theirknowledgeofthisphenomenonislimited.

B.theybelievetheoceansaredying.

C.theyfearaninvasionfromouter-space.

D.theyhaveidentifiedthousandsofalienwebs.

8.AccordingtoMarineecologists,transplantedmarinespecies

A.mayupsettheecosystemsofcoastalwaters.

B.areallcompatiblewithoneanother.

C.canonlysurviveintheirhomewaters.

D.sometimesdisruptshippinglanes.

9.Theidentifiedcauseoftheproblemis

A.therapiditywithwhichlarvaemature.

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B.acommonpracticeoftheshippingindustry.

C.acenturiesoldspecies.

D.theworldwidemovementofoceancurrents.

10.Thearticlesuggeststhatasolutiontotheproblem

A.isunlikelytobeidentified.B.mustprecedefurtherresearch.

C.ishypotheticallyeasy.D.willlimitglobalshipping.

PassageC

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansof

solvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisruleby

bruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.

Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargue

infavorofviolence-asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfills

youwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatail.We

maywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeofthe

recordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.We

havestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,

thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethe

smokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandherdertogetahearing.

Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparently

outrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifour

effortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducation

andemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhaving

tomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfill

theidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsare

everywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingwework

withintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeach

other'sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanging

information.“Talk.talk,talk,“theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”

It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningto

alengthyai^umentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser."Possible,mylord,^^the

barristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinfbrmed.^^Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisiteto

wisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

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C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSohdon.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.1

12.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus

A.violenceneversolvesanything.B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.D.everything.

13.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

A.can*tgetahearing.B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.D.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

14.MHewasnonethewiserMmeans

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

15.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis

A.lawenforcement.B.knowledge.

C.nonviolence.D.Moppinguptheviolentmess.

PassageD

OncefoundalmostentirelyinthewesternUnitedStatesandinAsia,dinosaurfossilsarenowbeingdiscovered

onallsevencontinents.Ahostofnewrevelationsemergedin1998thatpromisetoreshapescientists,viewsof

dinosaurs,includingwhattheylookedlikeandwhenandwheretheylived.

ItisdoubtfulthatTyrannosaurusRexhadlipsorthatTriceratopshadcheeks,saysLawrenceWitmer,an

assistantprofessorofanatomyatOhioUniversityinAthens,Ohio.Witmerwasaleadingresearcherforastudyon

dinosauranatomythatwaspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforVertebratePaleontology,which

concludedonOctober3inSnowbird,Utah.

Witmer'sstudyreacheditsconclusionsbyusinghigh-techcomputerizedaxialtomography(CTorCAT)scans

alongwithcomparativeanatomystudies.Forexample,thetheorythatTriceratopsandsimilardinosaurspecieshad

cheekswasbasedonpastcomparisonswithmammalssuchassheep.ButWitmer'scarefulanalysisfoundthe

structureofthetriceratopsjawandskullmadeitmorelikelythatTriceratopshadabeaklikethatofaneagle.

Wilmersaidthatscientistsshouldusebirdsandcrocodilesasmodelswhenresearchingtheappearanceof

dinosaurs.

InearlyOctoberscientistsannouncedthattheyhadconfirmedthediscoveryofanewtypeofceratopsian

dinosaur.Thedinosaur'sbones,foundinNewMexicoin1996,areforcingpaleontologiststorethinktheirtheories

aboutwhenceratopsiansmigratedtowhatisnowNorthAmerica.

Scientistspreviouslythoughtthatceratopsians,thegroupthatincludedthewellknownTriceratops,arrivedin

NorthAmericafromAsiabetween70millionand80millionyearsago.Duringtliistime,thelateCretaceousPeriod,

theearth'stwosupercontinents—LaurasiainthenorthandGondwanalandinthesouth—wereintheprocessof

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pullingapart,cuttingdinosaurpopulationsofffromeachotherandinterruptingmigratorypatterns.

Thefossilizedbones,foundbyeight-year-oldChristopherWolfeandhisfather,paleontologistDougWolfeof

theMesaSouthwestMuseuminArizona,datetoabout90millionyearsago.Thiscouldmeanthatceratopsians

originatedinNorthAmericaandmigratedtoAsiaratherthanthereverse,paleontologistssaid.DougWolfenamed

theimportantnewspeciesofdinosaurZuniceratopschristopheriafterhisson.

AnexpeditionfromtheUniversitiesofAlaskainAnchorageandFairbankshasdiscoveredaregioninremote

northernAlaskasorichinfossilizeddinosaurtracksthatteammembersdubbeditthe“dinoexpressway”.The

trampledareawasfoundduringthesummerof1998OnAlaska'sNorthSlopeneartheBrooksRange.

Theteamfound13newtracksitesandmadecastsfromtheprintsoffivediflerenttypesofdinosaurs.The

rockinwhichtheprintswerefounddatestomorethan100millionyearsago,orabout25millionyearsolderthan

thepreviouslydiscoveredsignsofdinosaursintheArcticregion.Paleontologistssaidthatthenewfindingsprovide

importantevidencethatdinosaursmigratedbehveenAsiaandNorthAmericaduringtheearlyandmid-Cretaceous

Period,beforeAsiasplitoffintoitsowncontinent.

TworichfossilsitesinthehillsofBoliviahavebeenrecentlydiscovered,excitingpaleontologistsand

dinosaurbuflfc.Thisdiscoveryincludesoneofthemostspectaculardinosaurtrackwayseverfound.

ThediscoveryofalargesiteinthemountainregionofKilaKilainsouthernBoliviawasannouncedinearly

October.Herescientistsfoundthetracksofatleasttwounknownspeciesofdinosaur.Theseincludedalarge

quadruped(fdur-fboted)dinosaurthatwasprobablyabout20m(about70ft.)long.

Theothersite,locatednotfarfromtheBoliviancityofSucre,wasuncoveredinacementquarrybyworkers

severalyearsagobutwasnotbroughttopaleontologists'attentionuntilthemiddleof1998.Thesitefeaturesa

verticalwallcoveredwiththousandsofdinosaurprintsrepresentingmorethan100diflerentspecies.Thetracks

datebacktobetween65millionand70millionyearsago.Sincedinosaursarebelievedtohavediedoutaround65

millionyearsago,theprintswerelikelymadebysomeofthelastdinosaursonearth.

Scientistsspeculatedthatthetracksweremadeattheedgeofalakeorswampandwerethenhardenedand

preserved.Therockcontainingthetrackswasthenpushedintoaverticalpositionovermillionsofyearsofgeologic

activity.Dinosaureggshavealsobeenfoundatthesite,whichpaleontologistsareworkingtopreservebeforeit

fallsvictimtoerosion.Paleontologistshopetostudythesiteandlearnaboutthedietandphysicalcharacteristicsof

thedinosaursthatarerepresentedthere.

16.Witmer*sresearchleadspeopletobelieve.

A.TyrannosaurusRexhadlipsandTriceratopshadcheeks.

B.dinosaursmighthavelookedlikemammalssuchassheep.

C.dinosaursmightnothavelookedlikewhatwethought.

D.dinosaursmusthavelookedlikebirdsorcrocodiles.

17.Thediscoveryofanewtypeofceratopsiandinosaursuggestsceratopsians

A.migratedtoNorthAmericaaround70-80millionyearsago.

B.arrivedinAsiafromNorthAmericaabout90millionyearsago.

C.originatedinAsiaandlatermigratedtoNorthAmerica.

D.couldhavemovedtoAsiafromNorthAmericalongago.

18.Newly-foundfossilizedtracksinAlaskaprovedthatdinosaurs'migrationbetweenAsiaandNorthAmerica

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tookplac