2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.問(wèn)答題Apessimistmightargue:whyseektopreservethehumanspecies?ShouldwenotratherrejoiceintheprospectofanendtotheimmenseloadofsufferingandhateandfearwhichhashithertodarkenedthelifeofMan?Shouldwenotcontemplatewithrejoicinganewfutureforourplanet,peacefulatlast,sleepingquietlyatlastaftercoiningtotheendofthelongnightmareofpainandhorror?Toanystudentofhistorycontemplatingthedreadfulrecordoffollyandcrueltyandmiserythathasconstitutedmostofhumanlifehitherto,suchquestionsmustcomeinmomentsofimaginativesympathy.Perhapsoursurveymaytemptustoacquiesceinanend,howevertragicandhoweverfinal,toaspeciessoincapableofjoy.Butthepessimisthasonlyhalfofthetruthandtomymindthelessimportanthalf.Manhasnotonlythecorrelativecapacitiesforcrueltyandsuffering,butalsopotentialitiesofgreatnessandsplendor,realized,asyet,verypartially,butshowingwhatlifemightbeinafreerandhappierworld.IfManwillallowhimselftogrowtohisfullstature,whathemayachieveisbeyondourpresentcapacitytoimagine.Poverty,illness,andlonelinesscouldbecomeraremisfortunes.ReasonableexpectationofhappinesscoulddispelthenightoffearinwhichtoomanynowwanderlostAndwiththeprogressofevolution,whatisnowtheshininggeniusofaneminentfewmightbecomeacommonpossessionofthemany.Allthisispossible,indeed,probable,inthethousandsofcenturiesthatliebeforeus,ifwedonotrashlyandmadlydestroyourselvesbeforewehavereachedthematuritythatshouldbeourgoal.No,letusnotlistentothepessimist,for,ifwedo,wearetraitorstoMan’sfuture.1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsMan’sfuture?2.Accordingtotheauthor,ourgoalshouldbe（

）.2.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingfromEnglishintoChinese.

Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,justasasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendtheremainderofourlives.Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaybringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.3.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

China’slong-runningcampaigntotightenmonetarypolicymayhavealittlemorelifeinitwitheconomistsexpectingthePeople’sBankofChinawillraiseinterestratesatleastonemoretimethisyear,asurveyofeconomistsbyDowJonesNewswiresshowedWednesday.SixoutofteneconomistspolledsaidtheyexpectedChina’scentralbankwilllikelyraisethebenchmarklendinganddepositratesbyafurther0.25percentagepointeachthisyeartocombathighinflation.Theotherfourforecasterspredictedbetweenoneandtwohikesthroughtheendoftheyear.ThePeople’sBankofChinaisalsolikelytoraisebanks’reserverequirementratioby50basispointsnextmonth,continuingitspatternofraisingtheratioonceamonthsofarthisyear,accordingtothesurvey.Buteconomistsexpectthepaceofsuchincreasestoslowlaterintheyear.“Withinflationstayingrelativelyhigh,theauthoritiesareunlikelytorelaxpolicytighteningintheshortterm,”ChinaInternationalCapitalCorporationLtd,economistPengWensheng(彭文生)said.ThelatestinflationdatashowedthatChina’sconsumerpriceindexrose5.3%fromayearearlierinApril,downslightlyfromMarch’s5.4%risebutstillwellabovetheofficialfull-yeartargetofaround4%.ManyeconomistsexpectinflationtopeakinJune.4.單選題Scarcelyhadtheysettlethemselvesintheirseatsinthetheater（

）thecurtainwentup.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.thanB.whenC.beforeD.as5.案例題TheconclusionoftheUruguayRoundofmultilateraltradenegotiationsin1994，andtheestablishmentoftheWTOin1995toprovidetheinstitutionalsupporttothemultilateraltradeagreements,constitutedasignificantmilestoneintheevolutionofthemultilateraltradingsystem.Theprincipleof“singleundertaking，”boundallWTOmemberstoalltheresultsoftheUruguayRoundnegotiations(withtheexceptionofplurilateralagreements),therebyreinforcingthefundamentalprincipleofmost-favorednation(MFN)treatment.WiththeconclusionoftheUruguayRoundandthestrengthenedmultilateraltradingsystem(MTS),therewasanexpectationthatexceptionstomultilateralism,suchasregionaltradeagreements,eventhoughlegallycoveredbytheWTOundercertainconditions,wouldeitherbecomelessofanalterativepolicyoptionforcountriesorwillneedtobeadaptedandconductedinsuchamannerastobecomeoutward-oriented;notinward-looking,andhasconstitutebuildingblocksforthenewmultilateralismusheredinbytheWTO.ThisobjectivehasbeencontinuallyemphasizedinWTOMinisterialDeclarationsthatreaffirmcommitmenttothesupremacyofmultilateralismwhilerecognizingtheimportantrolethatregionaltradeagreements(RTAs)canplay.Thisisapparentfromparagraph4intheDohaDeclarationwhereWTOMembersstressedtheir“commitmenttotheWTOastheuniqueforumforglobaltraderule-makingandliberalization,whilealsorecognizingthatregionaltradeagreementscanplayanimportantroleinpromotingtheliberalizationandexpansionoftradeandinfosteringdevelopment”.IntheworkprogrammeadoptedatDoha.WTOMembersalsoagreetonegotiationsaimedatclarifyingandimproving,existingWTOprovisionsapplyingtoRTAswhiletakingintoaccounttheirdevelopmentalaspects(paragraph29).Such“developmentalaspectsareaconcreteexpressionofthewideremphasisintheDohaWorkProgrammed(DWP)ondevelopmentissues,includingimplementation-relatedissuesandAsrecognizedbytheseDeclarations,thegrowth,expansionanddeepeningofregionaltradeagreementshasbeenremarkable.AlmostallcountriesintheworldandvirtuallyallWTOMembers(theexceptionbeingMongolia)todayarepartyto,orareintheprocessofnegotiating,atleastoneRTA.Thus,regionalismhasbecomeapolicyoptionformostcountriesandisapermanentfeatureoftheinternationaltradingenvironmentfortheforeseeablefuture.Anotablefeatureintherecentriseofregionalismisthatcountriesthathavetraditionallyfavoredthemultilateralapproachtotradeliberalization,includingAustralia,NewZealand,Japan,Singapore,IndiaandtheRepublicofKoreahavejoinedtheRTAbandwagon.TheUnitedStateshasalsogivenmoreattentiontoconcludingRTAs.AdifferentcompositionofRTAsinvolvingthewideningofcountrycoveragebeyondthetraditionalregionalzonehasemerged.Significantly,RTAshaveemergedbetweencountriesandentitiesindifferentregions/continents(e.g.EU-Mexico,EU-SouthAfrica,US-Israel.Jordan,Morocco,Chile).Inmostcases,theseagreementsarebilateralinmembership,concludedbytwocountries/entities,includingthecaseoffreetradeagreementsnegotiatedandconcludedbythetwodistinctRTAs(e.g.EU-MERCOSURundernegotiation).Theexpansion,wideninganddeepeningofRTAshasresultedin,asituationwherebyintra-RTAtradeaccountedforsome40percentofworldtrade(merchandiseimports)in2000andwillaccountforover50percentin2005.Furthermore,intra-RTAtradehasbeensignificant,orhasbecomemoreimportantforRTAmembers.Thus,internationaltradeflowsareincreasinglyconcentratedwithinregionalgroupingsformedbylargetradingnations.ThequalitativedimensionofRTAsinrespectofcoverageofpolicyareashasalsoevolved.Recent“new-generation”RTAsincreasinglycovernotonlytradeingoods,butalsoother“behindtheborder”regulatoryareas,includingtradeinservices,investment,competitionpolicy,intellectualpropertyrights,governmentprocurement,labor,environmentanddevelopmentcooperation,therebygoingbeyondmultilateraldisciplinesandliberalizationcommitments(“WTO-plus”).Thesearepartandparcelof“deeper”integrationefforts.DevelopingcountriesarenoexceptiontotheprocessofexpansionandreinvigorationoftheRTAs.Theyhaveactivelyparticipatedinregionaltradeagreementsamongthemselves(South-South)andwithdevelopedcountries(North-South).Inadditiontothesesubregionalagreements,variousbilateralpreferentialtradeagreements(PTAs)havebeenlaunchedamongorinvolvingdevelopingcountries,oftenonaninterregionalbasis.WhatisWTO’sstancetowardregionalism?Howisthedevelopmentofregionalismintheworldrightnow?(5points)Pleasebrieflyanalyzethepositiveandnegativeeffectsofregionalismtodevelopingcountries.(10points)Withthethrivingofregionalismintheworld,whatdoyouthinkisthefutureofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystem(MTS)?(10points)6.問(wèn)答題Thecostsofwatchingthefilmisthatittakesup120minutesofyourtime-timewhichcould

A

B

Cbespentinbedasleep.Thebenefitistheenjoymentgainedfromeachextraminuteviewed.

D7.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普熱衷的貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了，其主要武器是關(guān)稅，主要戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是從汽車到鋼鐵在內(nèi)的舊市場(chǎng)，然而中美之間最嚴(yán)重的貿(mào)易沖突是21世紀(jì)的技術(shù)之爭(zhēng)，這包括從人工智能到網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備在內(nèi)的方方面面，其基本戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是半導(dǎo)體。美國(guó)的行業(yè)領(lǐng)先和中國(guó)超級(jí)大國(guó)的雄心最直接的沖突就在芯片業(yè)。美國(guó)白宮的保護(hù)主義者想將半導(dǎo)體供應(yīng)鏈轉(zhuǎn)移至美國(guó)，但中國(guó)的發(fā)展不會(huì)停止。正如硅谷的崛起依賴美國(guó)政府的支持，中國(guó)為實(shí)現(xiàn)其發(fā)展目標(biāo)，已將國(guó)家和企業(yè)資源整合。8.問(wèn)答題ThiscompetitionisgoodfortheoveralldevelopmentofChina’slong-monopolizingbanking

Aindustryandisexpectedtointensifybytheendoftheyearorearlynextyearasmoreprivate

B

C

Dbanksareestablished.9.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.

Historically,economistshavesaidthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.However,ithasbeanfoundthatoncewealthreachesasubsistencelevel,itseffectivenessasageneratorofwell-beingisgreatlydiminished.ThisparadoxhasbeenreferredtoastheEasterinparadox.Thismeansthataspirationsincreasewithincome;afterbasicneedsaremet;relativeratherthanabsoluteincomelevelsinfluencewell-being.Happinesseconomistshopetochangethewaygovernmentsviewwell-beingandhowtomosteffectivelygovernandallocateresourcesgiventhisparadox.However,otherresearchsuggeststhatnoparadoxexists,andhappinessislinearlyrelatedtothelogarithmofabsolute(real,PPP-adjusted)income,withlittleornorelativeincomecomponent.Moneycorrelateswithhappiness,buttheratediminisheswithmoremoney.In2010,twoeconomistsfoundthathigherearnersgenerallyreportedbetterlifesatisfaction,butpeople’sday-to-dayemotionalwell-beingonlyrosewithearningsuntilathresholdannualincomeof$75,000.Otherfactorshavebeensuggestedasmakingpeoplehappierthanmoney.Onestudy,whencorrectedforsocialstatus,showednocorrelationbetweenincomeandhappiness.10.單選題Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies-fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn—fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.AtHolmes’side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney,theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud’s,wherehewas“delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers.”Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell’soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman’sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas“asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney.”Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes’firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn’ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia,ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle’slifewouldneverbethesame.1.ThetypicalfeaturesofSherlockHolmeswereallEXCEPT（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamilyConanDoyle’sshortstory？3.HowdidConanDoylefeelabouthisfirstvisittoLondon?4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.5.“AScandalinBohemia”hasprovedtobe（

）atlast.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.rationalB.sociableC.intelligentD.cunning問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.B.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Itwashorrible.B.Itwaspleasant.C.Itwasawful.D.Itwasmemorable.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.ldbeB.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiencesC.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccessD.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.successfulB.powerfulC.ridiculousD.frustrating11.問(wèn)答題Lessnotedbutequallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960alsoreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak:theirmarriagesremainedintacttoa

A

Bgreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.

C

D12.單選題Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporatevalue(theratioofmarketcapitalizationtothereplacementvalueofassets,knownasTobin’sQ)fallby18%.Ifquotasaren’ttheanswer,whatis?Thequestionisfiendishlycomplex.Inmostrichcountries,womendoaswellasmenorevenbetteratschoolanduniversity.InAmerica,mostnewmaster’sdegreesareawardedtowomen.Womenalsoholdmorethanhalfoftheentry-leveljobsatAmericanblue-chipcompanies.Butcorporatewomenstarttofallbehindtheirmalepeersrightfromthebeginning.Theyarelessaggressivethanmenwhennegotiatingtheirfirstsalaryandeverysubsequentpayrise.LindaBabcockofCarnegieMellonUniversityfoundthathermalegraduatestudentssecuredstartingsalaries7.6%higherthanherfemalegraduatestudents.Ingeneral,menarefourtimesmorelikelytoaskforapayrisethanwomenare.Compoundedovertime,thismakesahugedifference.Thehigheryougazeupthecorporateladder,thefewerwomenyousee.AccordingtoCatalyst,aresearcherinNewYork,womenare37%ofthemiddlemanagersinbigAmericanfirms,28%oftheseniormanagersandamere14%ofexecutive-committeemembers.Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.Partlybecauseitissotrickytojugglekidsandacareer,manyhighlyablewomenoptforjobswithpredictablehours,suchashumanresourcesoraccounting.Theyalsogravitatetowardsfieldswheretheirskillsarelesslikelytobecomeobsoleteiftheytakeacareerbreak,whichisperhapsonereasonwhynearlytwo-thirdsofnewAmericanlawgraduatesarefemalebutonly18%ofengineers.Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.Crechesandnurseriesarcsubsidized.Stateschoolswillhangontothelittlemonsterswellintotheevening.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.Womenbringuniquestrengthstoacompany,reckonsLisaGersh,thebossofMarthaStewartLivingOmnimedia,amerchandisingandmediafirmfoundedbyalifestyleguru.Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainfocusofthispassage?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?3.AllofthefollowingarebelievedtoaccountforthedisproportionaterepresentationofwomeninbusinesstopEXCEPT（）.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofcareerwomenaccordingtothepassage?5.Tohighlighthis/herpointsandconvincethereaders,theauthorofthispassagemainlyrelieson（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Thedilemmaofbusinesswomen.B.Thediscriminationagainstwomeninthefieldofbusiness.C.TheconcernaboutthefactthattopwomenexecutivesaresofewandwhyitissoD.Howtoeradicatethediscriminationagainstwomeninbusinessandtheeffect問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.ScandinaviancountriesaremoreegalitarianandfemininethanBritainandUSAB.Peopleunanimouslywelcomethequotassystemtoincorporatemorewomenintotheboardroom.C.Womenwhobenefitfromquotaspracticeinvariablypromotethedevelopmentoftheirbusinesses.D.Americanwomenareingeneralthebesteducatedandalsothemostequallytreatedinbusiness.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Womenareheldbackbythedilemmaofdealingwithfamilyandwork.B.Thepowerfulbackersavailabletosuccessfulmenaredeniedofwomen.C.Womendon’tenjoythesameopportunityforbettereducationthanmenD.Womenarelessaggressiveandlagbehindtheircounterpartsfromtheverybeginningoftheircareer.?問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.CooperativeB.MultitaskingC.EfficientD.flextime問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.dataandfiguresB.personalexperiencesC.assertionsbasedonpersonalobservationsD.appealingtoreaders’sentimentsandemotions13.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Notlongagosocialmediaheldoutthepromiseofamoreenlightenedpolitics,asaccurateinformationandeffortlesscommunicationhelpedgoodpeopledriveoutcorruption,bigotry(偏執(zhí))andlies.YetFacebookacknowledgedthatbeforeandafter2016Americanpresidentialelection,146millionusersmayhaveseenRussianmisinformationonitsplatform.Farfrombringingenlightenment,socialmediahavebeenspreadingpoison.And,becauseofhowtheywork,theywieldextraordinaryinfluence.Theymaketheirmoneybyputtingphotos,personalposts,newsstoriesandadsinfrontofyou.Theycollectdataaboutyouinordertohavealgorithms(計(jì)算程序)todeterminewhatwillcatchyoureye,inan“attentioneconomy”thatkeepsusersscrolling,clickingandsharingagainandagainandagain.EveryonewhohasscrolledthroughFacebookknowsthat,insteadofimpartingwisdom,thesystemdishesoutcompulsivestuffthattendstoreinforcepeople’sbiases.14.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingChinesesentencesintoEnglish.由于消費(fèi)支出占國(guó)家總產(chǎn)出的大約三分之二，所以恢復(fù)消費(fèi)者信心是格林斯潘和國(guó)會(huì)的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。許多美國(guó)企業(yè)，尤其是飛機(jī)和其他髙價(jià)值工業(yè)的機(jī)械和設(shè)備制造商堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，這些法規(guī)對(duì)抵制歐盟實(shí)施的經(jīng)WT0批準(zhǔn)的出口增值稅退稅來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的。當(dāng)一個(gè)WT0成員國(guó)政府就某一爭(zhēng)端提出投訴而且該投訴政府認(rèn)為其利益正受到另一成員政府行為的損害吋，爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)(DSB)才了解到該事件。在過(guò)去五年里，歐洲的商業(yè)及企業(yè)環(huán)境也發(fā)生了可觀的變化；私募股權(quán)投資公司已經(jīng)成為新的投資來(lái)源，它的出現(xiàn)提高了就業(yè)率，同吋也創(chuàng)造了新的價(jià)值。韋爾奇并非出身富貴之門，也決非一夜成名，他是靠自己的奮斗脫穎而出。15.填空題Anearlierattempt(1)blunting,whichmadeitillegalto(2)American-madecomponentstoHuawei,includingadvancedcomputerchips(3)whichtheChinesefirmrelies,wasnottheknock-outblowtheWhite(4)hopedittobe.ChipmakerswereabletokeepshippingHuaweisemiconductorsfromfactoriesoutsideAmerica.SoonMay15ththeTrumpadministrationextendeditsrestrictionsfromchipstothetoolsusedtomakethem—manyofwhichcomefromAmerica.So(5)asbigmicroprocessorproducers,likeTaiwanSemiconductorManufacturingCompany,useAmerican-madeequipment,theywillnolongerbeabletoforgeHuawei-designedchipsanywhereintheworld.16.問(wèn)答題Ifambition(A)istobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,(B)controloverone’sdestiny—(C)mustbedeemedworthofthesacrifices(D)madeonambition’sbehalf.17.單選題TheNewYorkmaleandtheLondonmale:twospeciesofdudesosimilar,inmanyrespectstheyseemtohavebeenseparatedatbirth.Bothstomptriumphantlyaroundfinancialandmediacapitals.Bothfeeltheyliveatthecentreoftheknownuniverse.Andbothspendfartoomuchtimeontheirhair.Buttherearemarkeddifferencesbetweenthesetribes,fromconfidenceandsenseofhumourtomatingritualsanddresssense.Sowho’sbest?There’sonlyonewaytofindout:whollyunscientificmeansofanecdotesfrompeoplewhohavelivedinbothcities.MasculinityAlexanderT.,aBritish-borndoctorlivinginHarlem,thinksthat“maleness”isamuchmoreconsciouslyperformedthinginManhattanthaninLondon.“Yourclothes,whatyouorderinarestaurant,yourabilitytodeliverasincerepatteraboutyourgoalsandpassions—thesearethingsthatwillhelpgetyoulaidinNewYork.SometimestheLondonapproachofjustrelyingonbeingfunnyandself-deprecatingwillfailtoimpress.”Butonlysometimes,Alexanderstresses.“Foreverywomanwhojudgesyouharshlyforyourlackofafive-yearplan,therewillbeothersdrivensomadwithtraumabywretchedanddisgustingNewYorkmalesthatafewhoursofyoulisteningandbeinganiceguywillmakeyouseemlikethecatchofthecentury.”AppearancesJuliaB.isafundraiserinLondon,wholivedinNewYorkforsevenyears.“Londonmendressbetteringeneral,andlookamillionmilesbetterinsuits.Forsomereason,NewYorkersareobsessedwithboxy,ill-fittingsuitjackets,WallStreettypesbeingtheworstoffenders.NewYorkmenareprobablymoremuscular,andmoreimage-consciousingeneral.”NewYorkersseemmuchmorereluctanttogrowup,shethinks.“NewYorkmentryandretaintheiryouthforlonger.Therearemore45yearoldswithskateboardsinWilliamsburg,BrooklynthanthereareinHackney.LondonmenwillwanttosettledownsoonerthanNewYorkers.Asawoman,there’smoredangerofbeingsingleinNewYorksincemenwanttostay20intheirmindsforever,sowomendon’twanttocommiteither,beca