2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安建筑科技大學考試歷年高頻考點真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安建筑科技大學考試歷年高頻考點真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.問題1選項A.exchangeB.alterC.shiftD.alternate2.單選題Hedoesnothingthatviolatestheinterestsofthecollective.問題1選項A.runsforB.runsagainstC.runsoverD.runsinto3.單選題Politicians,environmentalistsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworldassembledtodiscussthewaysof（）atmosphericpollution.問題1選項A.cuttingatB.cuttingdownC.cuttingoffD.cuttingout4.單選題Hisremarkswere（）annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.問題1選項A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchtoD.asmuchasto5.單選題Inatyphoon,winds（）aspeedgreaterthan120kilometersperhour.問題1選項A.assumeB.accomplishC.attainD.assemble6.不定項選擇題MostAmericansbelievethatoursocietyofconsumption-happy,fun-living,jet-travelingpeoplecreatesthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessnessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.Irefusetoidentifyfunwithpleasure,excitementwithjoy,businesswithhappiness,orthefaceless,buck-passing“organizationman”withanindependentindividual.Fromthiscriticalviewourratesofalcoholism,suicideanddivorce,aswellasjuveniledelinquency,gangrule,actsofviolenceandindifferencetolife,arecharacteristicsymptomsofour“pathologyofnormalcy”.Itmaybearguedthatallthesepathologicalphenomenaexistbecausewehavenotyetreachedouraim,thatofanaffluentsociety.Itistrue,wearestillfarfrombeinganaffluentsociety.Butthematerialprogressmadeinthelastdecadesallowsustohopethatoursystemmighteventuallyproduceamateriallyaffluentsociety.Yetwillwebehappierthen?TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging:Sweden,asisoftenpointedout,inspiteofallitsmaterialsecurityhasamongthehighestalcoholismandsuicideratesinEurope,whileamuchpoorercountrylikeIrelandranksamongthelowestintheserespects.Coulditbethatourdreamthatmaterialwelfareperseleadstohappinessisjustapipedream?Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthatthegoaloflifewasthefullunfoldingofaperson’spotentialities,whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch.Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend.Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead;thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.Eachsocietycreatesitsowntypeofpersonalitybyitswayofbringingupchildreninthefamily,byitssystemofeducation,byitseffectivevalues(thatisthosevaluesthatarerewardedratherthanonlypreached).Everysocietycreatesthetypeof“socialcharacter”whichisneededforitsproperfunctioning.Itformsmenwhowanttodowhattheyhavetodo.Whatkindofmendoesourlarge-scale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?Itneedsmenwhocooperatesmoothlyinlargegroups,whowanttoconsumemoreandmore,andwhosetastesarestandardizedandcanbeeasilyinfluencedandanticipated.Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected,tofitintothesocialmachinewithoutfriction;menwhocanbeguidedwithoutforce,ledwithoutleaders,promptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.1.TheauthorusestheexampleofSwedeninthesecondparagraphtoshowthat（）.2.Comparedwiththinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies,peopletoday（）.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthe3rdparagraphthat（）.4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichtypeofindividualmightbemostwelcomeintoday’ssociety?5.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto（）.問題1選項A.anaffluentsocietywillbefreefromthosepathologicalphenomenaB.SwedenisabettersocietythananyotherinEuropeC.aprosperouscountrywillhavehigheralcoholismandsuicideratesthanapoorcountryD.happinesshasnothingtodowithmaterialwelfare問題2選項A.aremoreconcernedabouthowtobringintofullplaypeople’spotentialsB.carelessaboutthematerialthingsoflifethanaboutthespiritualthingsC.regardmaterialthingsthemostimportantinlifeD.haveabsolutecontroloftheworld問題3選項A.theauthorstronglyopposeseconomicproductionB.theauthorisinfavoroftheideologyofthethinkersofthe18thand19thcenturiesC.theauthorisfollowerofNietzscheD.theauthorthinksthatprioritiesshouldbegiventoeconomicproduction問題4選項A.Peoplewhoarerebellious.B.Peoplewhohavetheorganizingability.C.Peoplewhoareconformists.D.Peoplewhocanoperatemachinesproperly.問題5選項A.describeB.informC.narrateD.comment7.單選題Imustgonow.（）,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.問題1選項A.IncidentallyB.AccidentallyC.OccasionallyD.Subsequently8.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseontheAnswerSheet.Wecannotacceptthegrowingthreatposedbyclimatechange,whichcouldforeverdamagetheworldthatwepassontoourchildren,sowingconflictandfamine,destroyingcoastlinesandemptyingcities.Andthat’swhyallnationsmustnowaccepttheirshareofresponsibilityfortransformingthewaythatweuseenergy.Wecan’tacceptaworldinwhichmorepeoplearedeniedopportunityanddignitythatallpeopleyearnfor:theabilitytogetaneducationandmakeadecentliving,thesecuritythatyouwon’thavetoliveinfearofdiseaseorviolencewithouthopeforthefuture.Iknowthesechallengescanbemet,solongasit’srecognizedthattheywillnotbemetbyonepersonoronenationalone.Thisawardisnotsimplyabouttheeffortsofmyadministration;it’saboutthecourageouseffortsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

9.單選題Asapsychotherapistwithmanypatientsintheir20’s,Ican_______thefactthatnotonlydomostofthemnothaveanyhealthinsurance,buttheyalsodonotexpectitasaconditionoflivinginthiscountry.問題1選項A.attesttoB.contributetoC.modifyD.interdict10.不定項選擇題Muchoftheworld’selectronicwasteisbeingshippedtoChinaforrecyclingandthecottageindustrythathassprunguptheretorecoverusablematerialsfromcomputers,cellphones,televisionsandothergoodsmaybecreatingsignificanthealthandenvironmentalhazards.ScientistsfromChinaandtheUnitedStateshaveidentifiednumeroustoxicelementsintheemissionsfromane-wasterecyclingworkshopinsouthernChina,whichuseslow-techmethodstoseparatereusableelectroniccomponentsfromthecircuitboards.Itisnotanisolatedcase,thescientistspointout:suchmethodsareusedalloverChina.ResultsoftheirstudyhavebeenpublishedintheJournalAtmosphericEnvironment.“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity,”saidBerndR.T.Simoneit,aretiredprofessoratOregonStateUniverseandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination.Forexample,previousstudieshavefoundcarcinogens（致癌物）inwind-carrieddustfromAsia.”Simoneitisawidelypublishedscientistwhohasbeeninvolvedinnumerousstudiesidentifyingchemical“signatures”foremissions,includingcoalsmoke,biomassburning,petroleum-basedfuelsandeventheburningofmunicipalrefuse.Byusingmassspectrometers（質(zhì)譜儀）andothersophisticatedinstrumentation,theresearcherscanpinpointthecontributionsofspecificemissionstotheatmosphere.TheirworkinChinawasconductedinShantouCity,atownof150,000peoplelocatedinsouthernChina’sGuangdongProvince.Theycollectedsamplesduringfourworkingdays,whenworkerswereremovingtheelectroniccomponentsbyheatingthecircuitboardsovergrillsonstovesburningcoalbriquettes（煤塊）.Theworkshophad24stovesalongthreewalls,andanestimatedfivetonsofcircuitboardsstackedalongthefourthwallforprocessing.Workerswouldusethegrillstomeltthesolder,andthenremovereusableportionsofthecircuitry.TheresearchteamincludedfiveChinesescientistsandSimoneit,whohasdualappointmentsinOSU’sCollegeofOceanicandAtmosphericSciencesandtheDepartmentofChemistry.Theresearchersfoundthatthroughthis“roastingprocess”,numerousorganicchemicals,heavymetals,flameretardantandpersistentorganicpollutantswereemittedintotheairviathesmoke.Thechemicalsignaturecreatedbythisprocessofroastingortoastingcircuitboards“isunmistakable.”“Thenextstepistoseetowhatextentthisisharmingtheenvironmentandcreatingahealthhazardforboththeworkers,andpeoplelivinginthepathoftheemissions—eitherthroughinhalation,orexposuretotheskin,”Simoneitsaid.“Someofthesechemicalcompoundsmaybecarcinogens;othersmaybejustasharmfulbecametheycanactas‘environmentaldisruptors’,andmayaffectbodyprocessesfromreproductiontoendocrine（內(nèi)分泌的，激素的）function.”TheChineseauthorsofthestudyareaffiliatedwiththeChineseAcademyofSciencesandincludeleadauthorXinliuiBi,withZhenZhenWang,XinmingWang,GuoyingShengandJiamoFu.SimoneitalsoisworkingwithscientistsinIndiatoidentifychemicalsignaturesfromtheburningofwireandothermaterials,whichisdonetorecyclecopperandotherminerals.AndheisworkinginSaudiArabiaonadifferentproblem—helpingdevelop“greenchemistry”methodsforrecyclingthatcountry’smassiveurbanwastetocreatemethane.1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.2.Thethirdparagraphindicates（）.3.Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph7isclosestto（）.4.Wecaninferfromthelastsentence（）.5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?問題1選項A.Chinarecyclesthelargestamountofthee-wasteintheworldB.notonlyAsiabutalsootherplacesintheworldareinfluencedbythedevelopmentofsuchindustryinanegativewayC.theburningofthee-wasteisbadforpeople’shealthD.theburningofthee-wasteisbadfortheenvironment問題2選項A.thatsuchworkshopscanonlydogreatharmtothelocalpeopleB.thatsuchworkshopscandogreatharmtoboththelocalpeopleandpeopleinotherplacesC.thatsuchworkshopscanimmediatelyinfluencepeople’slivesD.thatpeopleinAsiacanbeinfectedwithcancer問題3選項A.plainB.likelyC.undoubtedD.surely問題4選項A.thatscientistshavebeenworkingveryhardtosolvetheprobleminSaudiArabiaB.thatthescientisthelpstheproductionofmethaneinSaudiArabiaC.thattheprobleminSaudiArabiaisdifferentfromthatoftheothercountriesD.thattheseeminglyuselesswastecanbeturnedintousefulenergy問題5選項A.TheworkshopinShantoucityispoorlyequippedforrecyclingthee-waste.B.The“roastingprocess”mayproducealargeamountofharmfulpollutants.C.Chinahasbeensounderdevelopedthatpeopleusesolow-techmethodstodealwithe-wastes.D.Peoplemaygetharmedeitherbybreathingthepollutedairorbyexposingtheirskintoit.11.不定項選擇題Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Kenseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.Kensey’sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightincludepublicduty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdalcandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty;fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto“BonniewrecksAnn’spretendhouse”dependingonwhetherBonniedidit“sosomebodywon’tfalloverit”orbecauseBonniewanted“tomakeAnnfeelbad.”Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified:theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamongactsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?2.Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredtheabilityof（）.3.Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKenseywouldnothaveagreedon（）.4.Theterm“publicduty”（inline5ofparagraph2）inthecontextofthepassagemeans（）.5.Kensey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?問題1選項A.Anoutlineforfutureresearch.B.Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms.C.Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheorists.D.Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry.問題2選項A.differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharmB.identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulactionC.justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocationD.evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules問題3選項A.thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommitB.theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharmC.theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharmD.thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts問題4選項A.thenecessitytoapprehendperpetratorsB.theresponsibilitytopunishtransgressorsC.anobligationtopreventharmtoanotherD.theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction問題5選項A.Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.B.Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.C.Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.D.Theymakearbitrarymoraljudgments.12.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.Thehypothesisofnaturalselectionmaynotbeacompleteexplanation,butitledtoagreaterthingthanitself—anacceptanceofthetheoryoforganicevolution,whichtheyearshavebutconfined.Yetatfirstsomenaturalistsjoinedtheopposition.Tothemany,whowereunabletojudgethebiologicalevidence,theeffectofthetheoryofevolutionseemedincredibleaswellasdevastating,toruncountertocommonsenseandtooverwhelmallphilosophicandreligiouslandmarks.Eveneducatedman,choosingbetweentheBookofGenesisandtheOriginofSpecies,proclaimedwithDisraelithathewas“onthesideoftheAngels”.

13.單選題Astherewasnoroad,thetravelers（）uparockyslopeontheirwayback.問題1選項A.ranB.hurriedC.scrambledD.crawled14.單選題Youareexposedtoobtrusiveadsthat_______seeminglyfromnowhereevenwhenyouaredisconnectedfromtheNet,andyourpersonalinformationgatheredandsentoffwithoutyoubeingawareofit.問題1選項A.sizeupB.dwindleawayC.conjureupD.popup15.單選題Fool（）Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.問題1選項A.whoB.asC.thatD.like16.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.在哥本哈根會議遇到困難，許多國家領導人準備打道回府的時候，我堅持同各方斡旋，與各國共同努力，最終達成哥本哈根協(xié)議。這個成果是來之不易的，也是在涉及各國重大利益問題上可能取得的最好成果。哥本哈根會議結束以后，1月份我就致函聯(lián)合國秘書長和丹麥首相，堅定地表示，中國高度評價和支持哥本哈根會議決議的立場。就在最近，我們又致函聯(lián)合國，表示我們?nèi)嬷С指绫竟鶗h決議的立場，并且申明中國列入支持《哥本哈根協(xié)議》的名單國。為什么總拿中國做文章？我至今不明白。氣候變化問題關系到人類的生存，也關系到各國的利益，關系到世界的公平和正義。我們堅持“共同但有個別的責任”原則是完全正確的，我們將繼續(xù)同世界各國一同推進應對氣候變化的進程。

17.不定項選擇題Onefactwasclearlydemonstratedbytheearlysleepresearchers:onepartofthenightisnotjustlikeanother.Asscientistsbegantocomparetherecordsofvolunteers,theyobservedthathumansleepfollowsarhythmicschedule;theynotedthatnotonlywasthisschedulemuchthesameinhealthypersonofthesameagewithsimilarhabitsbut,fromnighttonight,eachindividualhadanEEGrecordalmostasconsistentasasignature.Sleepandwakefulness,onceconsideredtobethelightanddarkofconsciousness,nolongerseemtodiffersosharply.Tosleepdoesnotmeantodrowninanoceanofdarkness.Actually,sleepisnotaunitarystate;itinvolvesmanyshadesordegreesofdetachmentfromthesurroundingworld.Sleepismadeupofseparatestagesoflightanddeeperslumber.Typically,onlyduringthefirsthoursofsleepdoesapersonreachthestageofthedeepestslumber,therestofthemisspentdriftingbetweentheotherlighterstagesinspecificpatterns,allnightlongapersondriftsdownandupthroughdifferentlevelsofconsciousness,asifonwaves.Whilesleepmayfeellikeablanketofdarknesspunctuatedbydreams—atimewhenthemindisasleep—nothingcouldbelesstrue.Withlaboratorymethods,researcheshavebeenabletochartthetypicalstagesofthejourneyintosleep.Thejourneystartswhilethesubjectisstillawakebutbeginningtorelax;hisbrainwaves,whichhavebeenlow,rapid,andirregular,begintoshowanewpattern;thisnewpattern,whichisknownasalpharhythm,isanevenelectricalpulsationofabout9to12cyclespersecond.Mostpeopledonotknowwhatthealphastatefeelslike,butduringthelastfewyearsresearchershavebeenabletoteachsubjectshowtorecognizeandlearntosustaintheiralpharhythm.WhentheirEEGshowsanalpharhythm,thesubjectsarenotified,eitherbyasoundorbytheappearanceofacoloronascreen.Becausethealphastatetendstoberelaxed,theabilitytosustainitcanhelptensepeopleeasetheirpassageintosleep.Amomentoftension,aloudnoise,anattempttosolveaproblem,however,andthealpharhythmmayvanish.Asthesubjectpassesthroughthegatesoftheunconscious,hisalphawavesgrowsmaller,andhiseyesrollveryslowly.Foramoment,hemaywakeupduringthisearlypartofthedescent,alertedbysuddenspasmthatcauseshisbodytojerk.Likethebrainwaves,thisspasmisasignofneuralchangeswithin.Knownasthemyoclonicjerk,itiscausebyabriefburstofactivityinthebrain.Themyoclonicjerkisnormalinallhumansleep,itisgoneinafractionofasecond,afterwhichthedescentcontinues,thesubjecthasnotfeltthispeculiartransformation,butnowheissaidtobetrulyasleep.1.Thesentence“eachindividualhadanEEGrecordalmostconsistentasasignature”means（）.2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthordescribesthat（）.3.Theword“unitary”inthesecondparagraphmeans（）.4.Whencanwesaythatapersonisasleep?5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthe“alpharhythm”is（）.問題1選項A.eachindividualhadquitedifferentEEGrecordliketheirpersonalizedsignatureB.eachindividualhadalmostthesameEEGrecordashissignatureC.theEEGrecordofeachindividualmaybecontradictorytooneanotherD.theEEGrecordofeachindividualmaybechangedfromoneanother問題2選項A.sleepandwakefulnessaredifferentbecauseofcompletelydifferentlevelsofconsciousnessB.sleepisaquietstateC.sleepmakesonedrowninanoceanofdarknessD.sleepinvolvesdifferentlevelsofconsciousness問題3選項A.complexB.uniqueC.singleD.simple問題4選項A.Whentherearenodreams.B.Beforehewakes.C.Afterthemyoclonicisfinished.D.Afterthealpharhythmdescents.問題5選項A.sustainableB.rapidC.irregularD.myoclonic18.單選題Thetestofanydemocraticsocietyliesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossible（）.問題1選項A.altitudeB.latitudeC.longitudeD.multitude19.單選題

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.（）theword‘a(chǎn)mateur’doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.問題1選項A.NeverthelessB.ThenC.BesidesD.Asaresult20.不定項選擇題FewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorianattitudetochildren,butifyouwereaparentinthosedays,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood:childrenweretobeseenandnotheard.Freudandcompanydidawaywithallthatandparentshavebeen（71）eversince.Thechild’shappinessisall-important,thepsychologistssay,（72）whatabouttheparents’happiness?Parentssufferconstantlyfromfearandguiltwhiletheirchildren（73）rompaboutpullingtheplaceapart.Agoodold-fashionedspankingisoutofthe（74）;nomodernchild-rearing（75）wouldpermitsuchbarbarity.Thetroubleisyouarenotallowed（76）toshout.Whoknowswhatdeep（77）woundsyoumightinflict?Thepoorchildmayneverrecoverfromthedreadfultraumatic（78）.Soitisthatparent’s（79）toavoidgivingtheirchildrencomplexes（80）ahundredyearsagowasn’tevenheardof.Certainlyachildneedslove,andalotofit.Buttheexcessive（81）ofmodernparentsissurelydoingmoreharmthangood.Psychologistshavesucceededin（82）parents’confidenceintheirownauthority.Andithasn’ttakenchildrenlongtogetwindofthefact.（83）thegreatmodernclassicsonchildcare,therearecountlessarticlesinmagazinesandnewspapers.Withsomuchunsolicited（84）flyingabout,mumanddadjustdon’tknowwhattodoanymore.Intheend,theydonothingatall.So,fromearlychildhood,thekidsareinchargeandparents’livesare（85）accordingtotheneedsoftheiroffspring.Whenthelittledearsdevelopinto（86）,theytakecompletecontrol.Laxauthorityovertheyearsmakesadolescent（87）againstparentsallthemoreviolent.Iftheyoungpeoplearegoingtohaveaparty,（88）,parentsareaskedtoleavethehouse.Theirpresencemerely（89）thefun.Whatelsecanthepoorparentsdobut（90）?問題1選項A.relaxedB.thrilledC.bewilderedD.inspired問題2選項A.soB.butC.andD.or問題3選項A.pleasantlyB.enthusiasticallyC.cautiouslyD.gaily問題4選項A.problemB.questionC.issueD.argument問題5選項A.brochureB.pamphletC.manualD.publication問題6選項A.evenB.alsoC.justD.as問題7選項A.physicalB.emotionalC.psychologicalD.sensational問題8選項A.experienceB.hazardC.adventureD.impact問題9選項A.striveB.hesitateC.anticipateD.oblige問題10選項A.whatB.itC.whichD.this問題11選項A.penaltyB.barbarityC.scoldD.permissiveness問題12選項A.establishingB.enhancingC.detainingD.undermining問題13選項A.WithrelationtoB.WithregardtoC.InadditiontoD.Intermsof問題14選項A.demonstrationB.adviceC.criticismD.interpretation問題15選項A.operatedB.intensifiedC.regulatedD.compensated問題16選項A.adultsB.teenagersC.parentsD.veterans問題17選項A.resistanceB.objectionC.hostilityD.rebellion問題18選項A.atfirstB.inparticularC.afterallD.forinstance問題19選項A.devastatesB.spoilsC.manipulatesD.converts問題20選項A.refuteB.violateC.abideD.obey21.單選題Tomanypeople,ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,to_______familycharacterandtogathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.問題1選項A.repressB.intimidateC.validateD.confine22.單選題Weaponsofmassdestructionmustbestrictlyforbidden.Otherwise,ifanuclearwarstarted,itwouldbethecataclysmforallhumankind.問題1選項A.terminationB.destructionC.devastationD.calamity23.單選題Thepreservedfoodshouldretainpalatableappearance,flavor,andtexture,aswellasitsoriginalnutritionalvalue.問題1選項A.tastyB.stylishC.delicateD.notable24.單選題（）bothsidesaccepttheagreement（）alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.問題1選項A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,would25.單選題Ifyourepeatedlyfindyourself_______oragreeingtorequestsyouarereluctanttofulfillandfeelingunhappyabout,youmightwanttolookatsomereasonswhyyousayyeswhenyouprefertosayno.問題1選項A.abstainingB.acquiescingC.accommodatingD.articulating第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項exchange“交換；交易；兌換”；B選項alter“改變；變更”；C選項shift“轉(zhuǎn)移；改變；替換”；D選項alternate“交替；輪流”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授將輪流給這個班級講課。根據(jù)句中“givingtheclasslectures給這個班級講課”可知“輪流”符合語境，因此D選項正確。2.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。violate“違反；侵犯，妨礙”，A選項runfor“競選；匆匆去??；趕緊去請”；B選項“runagainst撞上；偶遇；違反”；C選項“runover輾過；匆匆看；復查”；D選項“runinto遭遇，陷入；撞到；偶然遇見”。句意：他不做任何違背集體利益的事。根據(jù)句中“theinterestsofthecollective集體的利益”可知violate在這里的意思為“違反”，因此B選項正確。3.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項cutat“對準猛打；向……砍去”；B選項cutdown“削減；砍倒；殺死”；C選項cutoff“切斷；使死亡”；D選項cutout“切斷；刪去；停止；關掉”。句意：來自世界各地的政治家、環(huán)保主義者和商人聚集在一起，討論減少大氣污染的方法。由題干中的“atmosphericpollution大氣污染”可推測出“削減”符合語境，因此B選項正確。4.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項soasto“以便；以致”；B選項suchasto“達到這樣的程度以致”；C選項suchto，沒有這樣的搭配，可排除；D選項asmuchasto“就像是”。由本句關鍵詞“annoyeverybody”（惹惱了所有人）可知，他的評論到達了很嚴重的程度以致惹惱所有人。句意：他的話讓會議上的每個人都很惱火。因此B選項正確。5.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項assume“采??；呈現(xiàn)；承擔”；B選項accomplish“完成；實現(xiàn)”；C選項attain“實現(xiàn)；獲得；達到”；D選項assemble“集合；裝配；收集”。句意：在臺風中，風速達到每小時120公里。根據(jù)句中“Inatyphoon在臺風中”可知“達到”符合語境，因此C選項正確。6.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:B第4題:C第5題:D【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段第六句“TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging…瑞典是歐洲最繁榮、民主、和平的國家之一，它的例子并不令人鼓舞……”可知D項“幸福與物質(zhì)享受無關”與原文相符。A項“一個富裕的社會將不會有這些病態(tài)現(xiàn)象”，原文并沒有相關表達；B項“瑞典是一個比歐洲其他任何國家都更好的社會”，原文并沒有相關表達；C項“一個繁榮的國家會比一個貧窮的國家有更高的酗酒率和自殺率”，原文并沒有相關表達。因此D選項正確。第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第三段第三句“Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends...如今，這個手段似乎已經(jīng)變成了目的……”可知C項“視物質(zhì)為生命中最重要的東西”與原文相符。A項“更關心如何充分發(fā)揮人的潛力”，原文并沒有相關表達；B項“更關心精神上的事，而不是物質(zhì)上的事”，原文并沒有相關表達；D項“絕對控制世界”，原文并沒有相關表達。因此C選項正確。第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第三段第三句“Itseemsthattodayt