高中英語外研版GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsof

珙縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)校

周萍2019年5月23日Lookthephotos

Whereisit？

Whatcanyousee?ReadingphilosophersofAncientChinaModule5Philosophy

is

thestudyofthenatureandmeaningoftheuniverseandofhumanlife.(OxfordDictionary)Philosophy

isthestudyorcreationoftheoriesaboutbasicthingssuchasthenatureofexistence,knowledge,andthought,orabouthowpeopleshouldlive.

(CollinsDictionary)Whatisphilosophy?Whatisphilosopher?ApersonwhostudiesorwritesaboutphilosophyApersonwhothinksdeeplyaboutthings

AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother,butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.

Guessinggamewhoarethey?Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoungandhismotherworkedhardtobringuptheboy.Shemovedthreetimesforbetterneighborhoodsothathersoncouldbeinfluencedbygoodpeople.Hewasagreatthinkerwhohad3,000students,ofwhom72wereinfluential.Hewassogoodatprotectingacityorastatefromenemiesthattherecameanidiomcalled"墨守成規(guī)".MengziConfuciusMoziConfuciusMoziMenciusPhilosophersofAncientChina[k?n‘fju:??s][men?i?s]Pre-readingReadphilosophersofAncientChinaandmatchthewordswiththedefinitions.orderbringupfound(v)principlebeliefanideathatinfluencesthewayyoubehave________principle2.tostartanorganizationorphilosophy______3.thefeelingthatsomethingistrueandexists______4.whenpeopleobeylawsandrulesanddonotcausetrouble______5.tolookafterchildrenuntiltheyareadults_______foundbelieforderbringuporderbringupfound(v)principlebelief

What’smainideaofthepassage?

A.Theauthorwantstomakepeoplebelieveintheteachingsbythinkersofancient.B.TheauthorwantstointroducethreeinfluentialphilosophersofancientChina.C.TheauthorwantstotellinterestingstoriesaboutthreeimportantteachersinancientChina.D.TheauthorwantstoshowthehistoryofphilosophyinancientChina.Makefulluseofthetitle!!!SkimmingReadthepassageagain.Choosethecorrectanswers.1.TheChinesepeople___forover2,000years.A.followedConfucius’steachingsB.followedMencius’steachingsA2.Menciusbelievedthatpeopleare___importantthanrulers.A.lessB.more3.Mohismbegan_____.A.476BCB.byMoziBB4.Mozididnotagreewith_____.A.kindnessB.war5.Menciushadimportantgovernmentpositions,______.A.butMozididnotB.andsodidMoziBA6.Confuciusstressedtheimportanceofthefollowingaspectsexcept_____.A.kindnessB.friendshipC.orderD.duty7.“Ifthegovernmentwaskind,thenpeoplewouldbegood.”istheteachingof______.A.MenciusB.ConfuciusC.MoziD.XunziBA8.Whichshowstherightorderoftimewhenthethreegreatthinkerslived?A.Confucius–Mencius–MoziB.Mencius–Mozi–ConfuciusC.Confucius–Mozi–MenciusD.Mozi–Mencius–ConfuciusTrueorFalse.1.StateswereoftenatpeacewitheachotherinancientChina.2.Confucius’ideashavethegreatestinfluenceonChina.3.Menciusresignedfromthegovernment,becausethefirstrulerdidn’trespecthim.FwarTFfollowhisadvice4.MenciusspentallhislifepreparingabookofhisteachingscalledTheBookofMencius.5.Mozi’sbeliefswerethesameasthoseofConfucius.6.Menciusistheoldestamongthethree.FhislastyearsF

similartoFConfucius

Howtodescribeaphilosopher?TheauthorwantstointroducethreeinfluentialphilosophersofancientChina.AphilosopherLivingtimejobimportantideasachievement/influencebookDetailreading

ConfuciuskindnessdutyorderinfluencedwasbornindiedMencius372BCbroughtuppositiongovernment

resignedgood

PeopleMenciusprinciplesofConfuciusrulersbadlyMozi476BC

GovernmentequalhumanbeingswarMohismPost-readingFindthewordsandphrasesinthepassagethatmatchthesedefinitions.1.gavealotofimportanceto_______2.job_______3.doingwhathesuggested_______________________stressedpositionfollowingsomeone’sadvice4.tellyouremployerthatyouaregoingtoleaveyourjob______5.someonewhogivesadvice________6.havingalotofinfluence__________resignadviserinfluentialWhyshouldwelearnaboutthephilosophersofancientChina?《珙州城十子橋品讀》（節(jié)選）

作者：潔流先生（家父，83歲）

第一座是晏子橋，因晏子治國外交著名，可簡(jiǎn)說為“謀”，治國之謀，外交之謀。晏子富有謀略，來源于他的愛國憂民，剛正不阿，睿智而干練。第二座是荀子橋，因荀子主張人性有惡，重視后天人為努力，勸導(dǎo)人們好學(xué)，認(rèn)真修養(yǎng)，可簡(jiǎn)說為“學(xué)”。他的一系列論說精辟透徹，形象生動(dòng)，影響深遠(yuǎn)。

(weshouldloveallhumanbeings)第三座是墨子橋，因墨子鮮明的“兼愛非攻”思想，可簡(jiǎn)說為“愛”。他還熱衷于科學(xué)發(fā)明，皆出于一種人性的愛，他為護(hù)衛(wèi)這種愛而奔波不息。第四座是莊子橋，因莊子的“天人合一”思想，可簡(jiǎn)說為“天”。這個(gè)“天”可看做宇宙，大自然，客觀規(guī)律。人逍遙其間，可與萬物渾然而為一體。第五座是孫子橋，因?qū)O子兵法最為著名，可簡(jiǎn)說為“兵”。這個(gè)“兵”是“國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察”，沒有“兵”，無以保家衛(wèi)國。第六座是管子橋，因管子是“春秋第一相”，最善于治理國家，可簡(jiǎn)說為“治”。他兼有思想家、政治家、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、軍事家身份，為后人景仰。第七座是韓非子橋，因韓非子主張法治，可簡(jiǎn)說為“法”?！胺ā惫抛譃椤盀灐?，是法治的形象表達(dá)，即水般平等，廌(zhì獨(dú)角神獸)般嚴(yán)明，務(wù)必除去污濁。

(

Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated)第八座是孔子橋，因孔子的核心思想是“仁、禮”，可簡(jiǎn)說為“禮”。“禮”繁體為“禮”，可以等同或看作為“禮法”、“國法”、“信仰”、“治國之本”。

(Thefamilyisimportant.Wearemembersofagroup)第九座是孟子橋，因孟子發(fā)揚(yáng)孔子思想，主張“仁政”，可簡(jiǎn)說為“仁”?！巴醯廊收?，“民貴君輕”，“仁者愛人”，這是他倡導(dǎo)的國家安定的根基。(Peoplearemoreimportantthanrulers)第十座是老子橋，因老子的《道德經(jīng)》著名，可以簡(jiǎn)說為“道”。他主張道法自然，無為而治，欣賞“上善若水”，樸素的辯證法，開啟了我國哲學(xué)的先河。

只見十子們高視闊步地向前走，一路走一路閃耀他們的思想光芒，播撒他們的思想種子，華夏大地便布滿生機(jī)，結(jié)出碩果。他們走過輝煌大一統(tǒng)的秦漢，走過歐亞帝國的隋唐，走過清平繁盛的宋元，走過多姿多彩的明清，走過風(fēng)起云涌的近代民國，走到國富民強(qiáng)的新中國今天，他們的思