真題版2019年12月四級第1套

COLLEGEENGLISH—BandFour—(2019121套)試題冊請檢查試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，問題及時向監(jiān)考員反映，確請將試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將和準(zhǔn)請在答題卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準(zhǔn)考證號、和學(xué)校名稱，并請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊背面，作文題及其他題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域考試期間在非考試時間佩戴耳機大四、六級考試PartI (30Englishin.Please PartIIListening (25SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)ManyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingAwanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsSometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingAwanderingcowwascapturedbytheA)ItwasshottodeathbyaItfounditswaybacktothepark'sItbecameagreatattractionforItwassenttotheanimalcontrolQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Itisthelargestofits B)ItisgoingtobeC)Itisdisyingmorefossil D)ItisstartinganonlineA)AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromPhotographsofcertainrarefossilSomeancientwallpaintingsfromPicturesbywinnersofawildlifephotoQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)PickupAmuseDeliverywithA)Theyareespecially C)TheyarequiteeasytoTheyarechildren's D)TheyarecleanandA)Childrenmaybeharmedbythe C)ChildrenmaycontractbirdChildrenmaybetemptedtodrop D)ChildrenmayoverfeedtheSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ItwillbeproducedatHarvardItwillbehostedbyfamousItwillcoverdifferentareasofItwillfocusonrecentscientificA)Itwillbemore C)ItwillbemoreItwillbemore D)ItwillbeeasiertoA)Peopleinterestedm C)ChildrenintheirearlyYoungsterseagerto D)StudentsmajoringA)Offerprofessional C)HelppromoteitontheProvidefinancial D)MakeepisodesforitsfirstQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA) B) C) D)A)HeistooconcernedwithbeingHelosesheartwhenfacedwithHeistooambitiousinachievingHetakesonprojectsbeyondhisA) B) C) D)A)TrytobeoptimisticwhateverComparehispresentwithhispastAlwayslearnfromothers’TreatothersthewayhewouldbeSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheyhaveastrongersenseofsocialTheyaremorelikelytosucceedintheTheyaremorelikely eTheyhavegreaterpotentialtobeA)PraisegirlswholiketospeakupEncouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirInsistthatboysandgirlsworktogetherRespondmorepositivelytoboysA) alizedteachingProvideavarietyofoptionalcegreatemphasisontestPayextraattentiontotopQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ItoftenrainscatsandItseldomrainsinsummerItdoesnotrainasmuchaspeopleItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheA)TheydrivemostoftheTherainisusuallyveryTheyhavegotusedtotheTheraincomesmostlyatA)IthasalotofcesforIthasneverseenthunderandIthasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalIthasmildweatherbothinsummerandinQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ItoccurswhenpeoplearengarepetitiveItresultsfromexertingone'smusclesIthappenswhenpeopleengagein monItcomesfromstrainingone'smusclesinanunusualA)BloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedBodymovementsintheaffected eTheybegintomakerepairsimmediaThey eA)Aboutone C)AbouttenAbouttwo D)AboutfourA)Applymuscle C)HaveahotDrinkplentyof D)Takepain-PartIIIReading (40SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.YoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollowingWhentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinsticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwater?ImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor26theruinsofAngkor.It’shotsoyougrababottleofwaterfromalocalvendor.It’sthesafethingtodo,right?Thebottleis27,andthelabelsays“purewater”.Butmaybewhat’sinsideisnotso28.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld29microstics?That’stheconclusionofarecently30study,whichysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,31anaverageof325sticparticlesperlitreofwater.Thesemicrosticsincludeda32commonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand33containers.ThestudywasconductedattheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,ajournalismorganisation.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.Confrontedwiththis34,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colatheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicrostics,butfarlessthantheOrbstudysuggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewinto35healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromsticA)I)B)J)C)K)D)L)E)M)F)N)G)O)H)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThequietheroismofmailOnWednesday,apolarwindbroughtbittercoldtotheMidwest.OvernightChicagoreachedalowof21degreesFahrenheitbelowzero,makingitslightlycolderthanAntarctica(南極洲）Alaska,andtheNorthPoleWindchillswere64degreesbelowzeroinParkRapids,Minnesotaand45degreesbelowzeroinBuffalo,NorthDakota,accordingtotheNationalWeatherServiceSchools,restaurants,andbusinessesclosed,andmorethan1,000flightswerecanceled.EventheUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)suspendedmaildelivery.“DuetothisarcticoutbreakandconcernsforthesafetyofUSPSemployees,”USPSannouncedWednesdaymorning,“thePostalServiceissuspendingdeliveryJan.30insome3-digitZIPCodelocations.”TwelveregionswerelistedasunsafeonWednesday,onThursday,eightremained.Asglobalsurfacetemperaturesincrease,sodoesthelikelihoodofextremeweather.In2018alone,volcanic,eruptions,hurricanes,mudslides,andothernaturaldisasterscostatleast$49billionintheUnitedStates.AsmycolleagueVannNewkirkreported,PuertoRicoisstillconfrontingeconomicandstructuraldestructionandresourcescarcityfrom2017’sHurricaneMaria.Naturaldisasterscanwreckacommunity’sinfrastructure,disruptingsystemsformonthsoryears.Someservices,however,remindusthatlifewilleventuallyreturn,insomeform,tonormal.Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosaCalifornia,adrone(無人機）caughtfootage(連續(xù)鏡頭ofaUSPSworker,TrevorSmith,drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea.The isstriking:Theoperationisfamiliar,butthescenelooksliketheendoftheworld.AccordingtoRaeAnnHaight,theprogrammanagerforthenational-preparednessofficeatUSPS,Smithwasfulfillingarequestmadebysomeofthehomeownerstopickupanymailthatwasleftuntouched.ForSmith,thiswasjustanotherdayonthejob.“IfollowedmyroutelikeInormallydo,”Smithtoldareporter.“AsIcameacrossaboxthatwasupbutwithnohouse,Ichecked,andtherewasmail—outgoingmail—init.Andsowepickedthoseupandcarriedon.”USPShassophisticatedemergencynsfornaturaldisasters.Acrossthecountry,285emergencymanagementteamsaredevotedtocrisiscontrol.TheseteamsaretrainedannuallyusingaframeworkknownasthethreePs:people,property,product.Aftermailservicestopsduetoweather,theagency’stoppriorityisensuringthatemployeesaresafe.Thenitevaluatesthehealthofinfrastructure,suchastheroadsthatmailcarriersdriveon.Finally,itdecideswhenandhowtore-openoperations.Ifthedestructionisextreme,mailaddressedtotheareawillgetsentelsewhere.InresponsetoHurricaneKatrinain2005,USPSredirected ingNewOrleansmailtoexistingmailfacilitiesinHouston.MailthatwasalreadyprocessedinNewOrleansfacilitieswasmovedtoanupperfloorsoitwouldbeprotectedfromwaterdamage.Assoonasit’ssafeenoughtobeoutside,couriers(郵遞員)startdistributingaccumulatedmailonthestill-accessibleroutes.USPSurgesthosewithoutstandingaddressestofilechange-of-addressformswiththeirnewlocation.AfterHurricaneKatrinahitin2005mailfacilitiesweresetupindozensoflocationsacrossthecountryinthetwoweeksthatUSPSwasunabletoprovidestreetdelivery.Everyday,USPSprocesses,onaverage,493.4millionpiecesofmail—anythingfrompostcardstoSocialSecuritycheckstomedicine.SpokespeoplefrombothUSPSandUPStoldmeallmailisimportant.Butsomecanbeextremelysensitiveandtimely.AccordingtodatareleasedinJanuary2017,56percentofbillsarepaidonline,whichmeansthatjustunderhalfofpaymentsstillrelyondeliveryservicestobecompleted.ItcanbehardtoidentifywhichparcelsarecarryingcrucialitemssuchasSocialSecuritychecks,butUSPSandUPStrytheirbesttoprioritizesensitivematerial.TheywillcoordinatewiththeSocialSecurityAdministrationtomakesurethatSocialSecuritychecksreachtherightpeopleinatimelyfashion.AfterHurricaneFlorenceandHurricaneMichaellastfall,USPSworkedwithstateandlocalelectionboardstomakesurethatabsenteeballotswereavailableandreceivedortime.Mailcompaniesarelogistics(物流）companies,whichputstheminaspecialpositiontohelpwhendisasterstrikes.Ina2011USPScasestudytheagencyemphasizeditsmassiveinfrastructureasa“uniquefederalasset”tobecalleduponinadisasterorterroristattack.“Ithinkwe’reuniqueasafederalagency,”USPSofficialMikeSwigarttoldme,“becausewe’reinlillyeverycommunityinthiscountry…We’reobligatedtodelivertothatpointonadailybasis.”Privatecouriercompanies,whichhavemoredollarstospend,usetheirexpertiseinlogisticstohelprevitalizedamagedareasafteradisaster.Formorethanadecade,FedExhassupportedtheAmericanRedCrossinitsefforttogetemergencystoareasaffectedbydisasters,bothdomesticallyandinternationally.In2012,thedistributedmorethan1,200MedPackstoMedicalReserveCorpsgroupsinCalifornia.Theyalsodonatedspace3.1millionpoundsofcharitableshipglobally.LastOctober,the pledged$1millionincashandtransportationsupportforHurricanesFlorenceandMichael.UPS'scharitablearm,theUPSFoundation,usesthe’slogisticstohelpdisaster-struckareasrebuild.“Werealizethatasa withpeople,trucks,warehouses,weneededtoyalargerrole,”saidEduardoMartinez,theoftheUPSFoundation.Theemploysitstrucksandnestodeliverfood,medicine,andwater.ThedaybeforeIspoketoMartinezinNovember,hehadbeentouringthedamagefromHurricaneMichaelinFloridawiththeAmericanRedCross.haveanobligationtomakesureourcommunitiesarethriving,”heRebuildingcantakealongtime,andeventhen,impressionsofthedisastermaystillremain.Returningtoanormallifecanbedifficult,butsomesmallroutines—maildeliverybeingoneofthem—mayhelpresidentsrememberthattheircommunitiesarestilltheircommunities.“WhentheyseethatcarrierbackoutontheSwigartsaid,“that’sthefirstsigntothemthatlifeisstartingtoreturntoTheUnitedStatesPostalServicehasasystemtoensureitsemployees’OneofficialsaysUSPSisuniqueinthatithasmoredirectreachtocommunitiescomparedwithotherfederalNaturaldisasterscanhavealong-lastingimpactoncommunityMaildeliveryserviceisstillresponsibleforthecompletionofalmosthalfofThesightofamailmanonthestreetisareassuringsignof ingnormalAfterHurricaneKatrinainterruptedroutinedelivery,temporarymailservicepointsweresetPostalserviceinsomeregionsintheU.S.wassuspendedduetoextremecoldPrivatepostalcompaniesalsosupportdisasterreliefeffortsbydistributingurgentAdedicatedUSPSemployeewasonthejobcarryingoutdutiesinspiteofextremePostalservicesworkhardtoidentifyitemsthatrequireprioritySectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyinligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialInligence.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTech’sonlineMasterofScienceinComputerScienceprogramProfessorGoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasn’tenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelackofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWatson,whichisbasedontheIBMWatsontform.GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasn’ttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindall40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.ThentheybegantofeedJillwiththequestionsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustments,andsufficienttime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudents’questionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidn’tknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialinligence,wereinctingwiththevirtualassistantandcouldn’tlitapartfromarealhumanbeing.Goeldidn’tinformthemaboutJill’strueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.ThegoalofProfessorGoel’svirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.ThenameJillWatsonwill,ofcourse,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialinligencethan,say,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.WhatdowelearnaboutKnowledge-BasedArtificialInItisarobotthatcananswerstudents'ItisacoursedesignedforstudentstolearnItisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesItisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentWhatproblemdidProfessorGoelmeetHisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeHiscoursewastoodifficultfortheStudents'questionsweretoomanytoToomanystudentsdroppedoutofhisWhatdowelearnaboutJillSheturnedouttobeagreatShegotalongprettywellwithShe etostudentsatShewasreleasedonlineasanHowdidthestudentsfeelaboutJillTheythoughtshewasabittooTheyfoundhernotascapableasTheycouldnotbutadmireherTheycouldnotlherfroma WhatdoesProfessorGoelntodonextwithJillLaunchdifferentversionsofherFeedherwithnewquestionsandAssignhertoanswermoreofstudents’Encouragestudentsto ctwithhermorePassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingThinkingsmall,beingengaging,andhavingasenseofhumordon’thurt.Thoseareafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingeffortsthatemergefromarecentstudythatexaminednearly400ns.Buthavingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.ScientistshavetriedtotapInternetdonors,too,withmixedsuccess.Someraisedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingevenmodesttargets.Todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarMikeSchaferoftheUniversityofZurichexaminedthecontentofthewgesfor371recentns.Fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,theresearchersreportinPublicUnderstandingofScience.Forone,theyuseacrowdfundingtformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,andnotjustanykindofproject.AlthoughsiteslikeKickstartertakeallcomers,tformssuchasExperiment.cornandPetridishorgonlypresentscientificprojects.Foranother,theypresenttheprojectwithafunny becausegoodvisualsandasenseofhumorimproveds