環(huán)境工程常用詞

環(huán)境工程常用詞：airair-bornecontamination氣載污染物aircontamination空氣污染airparameter空氣參數(shù)airpollutionindex空氣污染指數(shù)airqualitystandard空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)環(huán)境工程常用詞：waterwater-absorbing吸水性waterpollution水污染waterpollutionmonitor水質(zhì)污染監(jiān)測儀waterquality水質(zhì)waterqualityparameter水質(zhì)參數(shù)waterworks自來水廠環(huán)境工程常用詞:pollutionpollutionabatement減少污染pollutionindicationorganism環(huán)境污染指示生物pollutionsurvey污染調(diào)查環(huán)境工程常用詞：environmentenvironmentalanalysis環(huán)境分析environmentalcapacity環(huán)境容量environmentaldegradation環(huán)境退化environmentalmanagement環(huán)境管理environmentalparameter環(huán)境參數(shù)環(huán)境工程常用詞：aerate、aeroaerationbasin曝氣池aerobicbacteria好氧細(xì)菌aerobicdenitrification好氧反硝化環(huán)境工程常用詞：activeactivatedbio-filter活性生物濾池activatedsludgetreatment活性污泥處理activatedsludge活性污泥環(huán)境工程常用詞：bacteriabacteriacontamination細(xì)菌污染常用詞根：-sol?solute溶質(zhì)常用詞根：-mo-motionless固定的化工用詞：absolutehumidity絕對濕度cationexchange陽離子交換capillary毛細(xì)管合成詞：workshop車間aircompressor空氣壓縮機(jī)airfilter空氣過濾器airpollutant空氣污染物airpollutionmonitoring空氣污染監(jiān)測［airsampling空氣取樣waterdischargepipe排水管waterpollutioncontrol水污染控制waterpotential水位waterqualityindex（WPI）水質(zhì)指數(shù)watersupply供水pollutioncontrol污染控制pollutionmonitoring污染監(jiān)測pollutionpreventionordinance污染防治條例environmentalappraisal環(huán)境評價(jià)environmentalcontamination環(huán)境污染environmentalimpactstatement環(huán)境影響評價(jià)environmentalprogram環(huán)境監(jiān)測計(jì)劃aerationcoefficient曝氣系數(shù)aerobicbiologicaloxidation需氧生物反應(yīng)aerobicsludgedigestion需氧污泥消化activatedsludgeaeration活性污泥曝氣activatedsludgeloading活性污泥負(fù)載activationenergy活化能bactericide殺菌劑solvent溶劑mobility流動(dòng)性absorbent吸收劑quantitativeanalysis定量分析chemicaladditionagent化學(xué)添加劑byproduct副產(chǎn)品aircontaminant空氣污染物airmonitoring大氣監(jiān)測airpollutioncontrol空氣污染防治airquality大氣質(zhì)量waterhygienecontrol水質(zhì)衛(wèi)生控制waterpollutionindex水質(zhì)污染指數(shù)waterpurification水凈化waterqualitymonitoring水質(zhì)監(jiān)測watersupplyandsewerageworks供水排水工程pollutionindex污染指數(shù)pollutionofgroundwater地下水污染pollutionsource污染源environmentalassessment環(huán)境評價(jià)environmentalcriteria環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)environmentalindex環(huán)境指數(shù)environmentalmonitoring環(huán)境監(jiān)測aerationtreatment曝氣處理aerobicbiologicalreactor好氧生物反應(yīng)器aerosol氣溶膠activatedsludgebulking活性污泥膨脹activatedsludgeoxidation活性污泥氧化activitycoefficient活度系數(shù)insolubility不溶性absorption吸收系數(shù)boiler鍋爐mass-produce大量生產(chǎn)常用化學(xué)元素名稱：hydrogen氫 carbon碳 nitrogen氮 oxygen氧 fluorine氟 sodium鈉 silicon硅phosphorus磷 sulfur硫 chlorine氯 chromium鉻 mercury汞 lead鉛 ammonia氨Unit1thepopulationexplosion關(guān)鍵詞：exponential指數(shù)subsurface地下的desalination脫鹽作用hydrologiccycle水文循環(huán)Unit2environmentalproblems十大環(huán)境問題：GlobalWarming全球變暖OzoneLayerDepletion臭氧層消耗AcidRainGlobalWarming全球變暖OzoneLayerDepletion臭氧層消耗AcidRain酸雨TransboundaryMovementsofHazardousWaste危險(xiǎn)廢物越境轉(zhuǎn)移Desertification沙漠化DisappearanceofTopicalForests熱帶雨林消失DisappearanceofTopicalForests熱帶雨林消失DwindlingVarietyofWildlife生物多樣性減少三■大圈層：atmosphere大氣圈關(guān)鍵詞：leachate浸出液9.RapidGrowthofPopulation人口快速增長10.WaterPollution水污染lithosphere巖石圈aquifer地下含水層surfacewater地表水groundwater地下水hydrosphere水圈groundwatertable地下水水面armUnit3globalwarming關(guān)鍵詞：greenhousegases溫室氣體greenhouseeffectarmUnit3globalwarming關(guān)鍵詞：greenhousegases溫室氣體greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)surfacetemperature表面溫度concentration濃度biodiversityconcentration濃度biodiversity生物多樣性troposphere對流層speciesdiversity物種多樣性chill 寒冷的ecologicaldiversity生態(tài)多樣性Unit4theroleoftheengineerinwaterpollutionabatement近似：水污染控制工程相近詞：一abatement減輕、控制treatment處理disposal處理（固廢）sewer排水管、下水道_? pipe管ditch溝渠pesticide殺蟲劑/農(nóng)藥disinfectant消毒齊Ubactericide殺菌劑decomposed=degradable可降解的contamination^pollution污染/contaminant=pollutant污染物相反詞：integrate成整體一segregate分離關(guān)鍵詞：sewage 污水sewageplant污水處理廠pointsource 點(diǎn)源nonpointsource面源municipal 市政的sanitary衛(wèi)生的civilengineering土木工程處理過程：:_primarytreatment一級處理secondarytreatment二級處理advancedtreatment深度處理unitprocess 工藝單兀 unitoperation操作單元screen 格柵filter過濾/濾池sedimentation沉淀gravitysedimentation重力沉降centrifugation離心分離vacuumfiltration真空過濾disinfection 消毒chlorination加氯消毒discharge排放Unit5principlesofbiologicdlreaction生物處理微生物：aerobicbacteria好氧細(xì)菌methanebacteria產(chǎn)甲烷細(xì)菌好氧生物處理Aerobictreatment：anaerobicbacteria厭氧細(xì)菌methanebacteria產(chǎn)甲烷細(xì)菌respiration 呼吸作用（異化）hydrolysis 水解acetogenesis 產(chǎn)乙酸reactor反應(yīng)器fungi 真菌flocculentmicroorganisms絮凝微生物synthesis 合成作用（同化）fermentation 發(fā)酵methanogenesis產(chǎn)甲烷厭氧消化處理Anaerobicdigestion：關(guān)鍵詞： odor氣味municipalwaste市政廢物

processingwaste加工廢物Unit6solidwaste>Unit7industrialsolidwasteproblems>Unit8hazardouswastemanagementfacilities固體廢物、危險(xiǎn)廢物municipalwaste市政廢物

processingwaste加工廢物廢物分類： garbage生活垃圾constructionwaste建筑廢物industrialwaste工業(yè)廢物 hazardouswaste危險(xiǎn)廢物nonprocesswaste非加工廢物=residentialwaste住宅垃圾+固廢管理系統(tǒng)：storage貯存 processing加工3R原則：Reduce減量 Recycle循環(huán)處置方式： opendumping露天堆放sanitarylandfilling衛(wèi)生填埋金屬 criticalmetal=toxicmetal有毒金屬關(guān)鍵詞： utilization利用 nuisance-free無公害的impervious不透水的 dilution稀釋commercialwaste商業(yè)垃圾collection收集 disposal處置Reuse再利用incineration焚燒 composting堆肥nonferrousmetal有色金屬internal內(nèi)部external外部Hint9characterizationofnoise、Unit10effectofnoise噪聲污染關(guān)鍵詞： backgroundlevel背景水平decibel分貝detectionthreshold檢測閾temporarythresholdshift暫時(shí)閾移noisefrequency噪聲頻率threshold臨界值、閾值audibilitythreshold聽閾permanentthresholdshift永久閾移soundpowerlevel聲功率級puretone正弦波音en