高考語法定語從句

上海高考英語備考訓練上海高考英語語法考點：定語從句定語從句考點一：關系代詞引導的定語從句1，當先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語時，選用關系代詞引導定語從句。指人用who賓格用whom）或指物（包括動物）或在從句中做賓語時，都可省略。在從句中作定語時，不管是人或物，都用。this,行詞that,that可指人可人。當先行詞是one,等不定代詞指人時，只用who/whom；當先行詞those指時，多用which,也用that.AnyonewhovisitedthezoopraiseditThosewhoearnmostpaymost.Youareaskedtoindicatethosewhichmostdescribeyourpersonality.非限制性定語從句中，關系詞不能用只用who,forwhich且不能省略。2，當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句中謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoallthatIcantohelpyou.HeisoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeakEnglishwell.HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeaksEnglishwell.the(only)one,theveryone,the3代詞和都可用來指物以互換使用情形只用：1）引導非限制性定語從句或從句前有插入語時，只用2）直接放在介詞后作賓語時，只用which/whom.Thecauseforwhich(why)wesupportthemisunquestionable.3）避免重復，句中和盡不重復使用。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.4，引導定語從句的關系代詞，在下列情形下只用1）當先行詞為all,none,much,few,some,everything,詞或被修飾時，只用that.Allthatcanbedonemustbe可當先行詞those,one,ones,anyone,who（賓格用whom），作賓語時可省略。2）當先行詞受thevery,theonly,the3）當先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞（包括，只用4）當先行詞是一個既指人又指物的并列詞組時，只用Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledthecar.5）關系代詞在定語從句中做表語時.Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.6）there型中和避免重復時，句中已經(jīng)有或who時，只用5，關系代whose在語從句中充當名詞的定語，構whose+名詞形式，既可以表示某人的又可以表示某物的它后面的名詞缺少限定詞先行詞與從句的主語構成所屬關系，用whose.whosen.=then.ofwhich=ofwhichthen.Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisblue.(thecoverofwhich=whosecover=ofwhichcover6，的可省略及不可省略1）引導主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句時，不可以省略。但主語從句中做1

上海高考英語備考訓練形式主語，從句置于句末時可省。表語從句中，有do,可。2)引導賓語從句時可以省略。但雙賓語，復合賓語不可省。前有插入語，后有形式賓語時省首時不可省onitit3）引導定語從句在從句中做賓語可省略。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.4）狀語從句中so--可省。7，表示方式的先行詞way,manner,用inwhich,Idon’tlikethetalk’tthewayyoutalktome.Whether,how可以引導定語從句。Thisistheway(inwhich/that)hespoke.Thatishowhespoke.名詞性從句，前面沒有先行詞。Itisaquestionhowhe定語從句考點二：關系副詞引導的定語從句1，關系副詞when,where,可引導定語從句，修飾先行詞分別是表示時間、地點和原因的名詞，在從句中作狀語，相當于介詞+which結構。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoIrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwhich)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(why=forwhich)When的先行詞可以是interval,stay,Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisanwhentheaudiencecanhe’llneverforgetherstaytherewhengonemissingtwoyearsbefore.2導的定語從句，有時先行詞并不表示具體地點，而是抽象的地點。Hewrotealetterwhereheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.3，判斷選用關系代是關系副where/when,可看從句中缺什么成分，如果缺名詞性成分如主語、賓語，則考慮用，如果定語從句主干完整，主謂賓齊全，則考慮選用關系副here/when/why作狀語。4.語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)分1）同位語從句與先行詞是同位或等同的關系，而定語從句與先行詞之間存在所屬關系，起修飾限定的作用。Thereasonthathegaveforhislatenesscatchthe導定語從句，在從句中作賓語，可省略。Thereasonthathewasillyesterdayissucha從句中不作成分，不可省略。2)同位語從句的先行詞是一些有限的抽象性名詞hope,idea,reason,question,belief,truth,fact,news,定3)引導定語從句的that是關系代詞，除了起引導從句作用外，還在句子中充當成分。而引導同位語從句的是連詞，在句子中不充當成分。4)What能引導定語從句，但可以引導同位語從句。Itheideawhatyoumean.5)How,when,where,先詞與從句意義相關時，它們是關系副詞，引導定從。不相關時，這些詞是連接副詞，引導同位語從句。Thequestionwhenwestarttheworkisnotdecided.Shehadnoideawhyshethoughtofhimsuddenly.HesolvedtheproblemwhytheTVwasoutoforder.2

上海高考英語備考訓練Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.Itisaquestionhow不可引導定從。Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathe5，?？商娲ㄕZ從句中的關系副詞where,有時可以省略。定語從句考點三：關系代詞和引導的非限制性定語從句1，在由和引導的非限制性定語從句中，和可指代整個主句，也可指代主句中的一部分內(nèi)容，相當于andthat.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,intoday’sAsisoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.此句as引導非限制性定語從句代后面整個主句的內(nèi)容題干中就變成了由逗號連接的兩個獨立分句，缺少連接詞。Useheadandyouwillhaveagoodidea.Cometoschoolontime,oryouwillbepunished.2和有不同的詞義和用法As有正如、像的意思，表示看法、解釋或評論。As導定語從句常與know,remember,say,tell,expect,，構成固定搭配，可以置于句首、句中或句尾。AsIexpected,hedidn’tbelieveme.Thereisaninternetcaféaroundhere,asIremember.Alotoflanguagelearning,ashasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchto3，引導的從句是對主句所敘述的事情的補充說明指前面主句所提到的這件事，常譯為這一點。引導的從句只能位于主句的后面。Shetoreupmyphotos,which(andthat)upsetme.4，只用情形：在從句中作定語或介詞的賓語時，要用which不用as.Jennymightcome,inwhichcaseI’llaskher.當從句的謂語是否定形式或含有復合賓語（即賓語+賓語補足語）時，Hepretendednottoknowme,whichIdidn’tunderstand.Headmireseveryoneinhisclass,whichIfindquitestrange.主句否定，從句肯定可用as,Itwasn’tsuchagoodhadpromisedme.5只用的情形省略時用as,句首中只能在句后。Thesame中的有時可用that替代，但后省略了謂語時不能用that.Asplanned,wemetthere.Hetoldmethesamestoryas(that)shetold.Heusesthesamebookasyou.6的引導的倒裝句或非限定性定語從句前面句子內(nèi)容相反的情況。Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink.=Spidersarenotinsectsbutmanypeoplethinktheyareinsects.Thesoliddoesnotmove,asdoesaliquid.=Thesoliddoesnotmovebutaliquiddoes.定語從句考點四：介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句1當先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，可以構成介詞which/whom結構，放在從句與主句之間，that,不以作介詞賓語。2，根據(jù)與定語從句中的動詞、形容詞的搭配或者句意來確定介詞。3

上海高考英語備考訓練Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim'swatchandDella'shair.Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.Physicsisthesubjectinourschoolinwhicheverystudentisinterested.3，介詞which構。在從句中作時間、地點、原因狀語時，相當于關系副詞when,where,?？苫Q使用。4,意：介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句與介詞后的賓語從句的區(qū)別。Itwasamatterofwhowouldtaketheposition.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.定從：Heisamanofrichexperience,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,mostofwhomwerefrombigcities.Sarahhopestohaveafriend,withwhomshecanshareherinterests.賓語從句是整個句子作介詞的賓語，定語從句中的是單獨作介詞賓語。定語從句考點五：幾種特殊的定語從句例Thebookwas_______theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.A..duringC.sinceD.sincewhen答案D此句可改寫：Thebookwaswrittenin1946,andsincethentheeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.例Tomhasbeen_______hisparentsrunawayduetoheavydebts.A.untilsinceD.sincewhen答案B,untilsince不引導從句since時態(tài)需要用完成時。例3maybelate,________weoughttowaitforher.A.inwhichcaseB.inthatC.whereD.fromwhere答案：A,inthat句，inwhich引導從句。例4waseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_______hewentontoCambridge.A.fromB.afterafterD.fromthis答案C,afterwhich=andafterthat.例5offhishorse,thethesecondwindows,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.Fromwhere=fromatthefrom可用where,但不形象。例Thehonorabearrivesoon.=Thefamousscientistwillarrivesoon,andinhishonorapartywillbeheldtonight.例7isthehouse,underwhoserooflivedalargefamily.=Thisisthesmhouse,andunderitsrooflivedalargefamily.例8,wasmyworkwasunsatisfactory,whichIsubmittedmyresignation.總結：帶有this,導定語從句時，要將this,which。帶有then,的短語，引導定語從句時，要將then,變?yōu)閣hen。帶有here,短語，引導定語從句時，要將here,為。帶有one，引導定語從句時，要用onewhose。4

上海高考英語備考訓練上海高考英語語法練習定語從句選擇填空1.Thatevening,______Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when2.A______hasbeendiscovered,firstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.thisisa______communicationimportantassalesskills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where4.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when5.Theairqualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepatwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.what6.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,____hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what7.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof___havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what8.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich9.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which10.By16:30,____wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that11.Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem12.Weanmoregreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich13.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom14.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what15.Theprizewillgotothewriter_____storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.whatTedcamefortheshortsanda_____isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which17.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_____,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that18.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusyourfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as19.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that20.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtaken5

上海高考英語備考訓練morethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich21.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_____theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which22.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortworthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.whileisalanguagesharedbyeach_____itsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those24.Abankistheplace_____theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforibackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there25.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who26.ItwasApril29,2001_____PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before27.Theshop,_____customersthewhichB.whoseC.whenD.where28.Thedaysaregone_____physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which29.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_____weenjoyedasplendidviewofthewhichB.whereC.whoD.that30.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_____shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that31.StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose32.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_____ImetitheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.whichThepianothecentrewithher_____shewouldstayforanhour.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.what34.That’sthenewmachine_____partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.WhatWindpowerancientsourceof_____maythenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich36.---CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?shouldtrythebarber’s_____Igo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that37.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,_____turneouttobeawisedecision.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where38.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_____isnamedafterhisgrandfatheA.whichB.whereC.whatD.that39.Thewallsof_____arepeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which6

上海高考英語備考訓練40.Theoldtemple_____roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose41.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_____wasA.whoB.thatC.asD.what42.Mymotherwassoproudofall_____thatsherewardedmewithatriptoBeijing.A.IhaddoneB.whatIhaddoneC.thatIhasD.whatIdid43._____manytimes,“servethepeopleA.AswehavestressedB.ThathasstressedC.IthasbeenstressedD.Whatwehavestressed44.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_____dietishighinfatwillgainweightquicklyA.whatB.whoseC.whichD.thatChina,thenumbercitiesdevelopmentacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that46.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_____lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those47.WheneverImether,_____wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that48.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.theseBecauseofgone5-star6,000yuanforonenight.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.sinceAperson_____wonbesende-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever51.Guncontrolisasubject_____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhichMozartndthe_____composedMagicbothmuseumsnow.A.whereB.whenC.thereD.whichheI_____hasbeendownandreplacedbyanbuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich54.Manychildren,_____parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofintheA.theirB.whoseC.themD.withwhomShe’llneverforgetherstaythere_____shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when56.They’vewontheirlastthreebitsurprisingA.thatB.whenC.whatD.which57.atheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where58.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_____Iamsupposedtomakeofown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why59.Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where60.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_____namewillcreateapictureof7

上海高考英語備考訓練beautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose61.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_____wasverykindofhim.A.whichB.that

C.whereD.it62.---WhatdoyouthinkofBob---Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_____youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.tha