英語四級閱讀試題第一套完整版

英語四級閱讀試題（第一套完整版）

__年_月英語四級真題及答案專題

_年_月英語四級閱讀試題（第一套完整版）

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Manymenandwomenhavelongboughtintotheideathatthereare“male”and“female”brains,believingthate_plainsjustabouteverydifferencebetweenthese_es.Anewstudy26thatbelief,questioningwhetherbrainsreallycanbedistinguishedbygender.

Inthestudy,TelAvivUniversityresearchers27forse_differencestheentirehumanbrain.

Andwhatdidtheyfind?Notmuch.Ratherthanofferevidencefor28brainsas“male”or“female,”researchshowsthatbrainsfallintoawiderange,withmostpeoplefallingrightinthemiddle.

DaphnaJoel,wholedthestudy,saidherresearchfoundthatwhiletherearesomegender-based29,manydifferenttypesofbraincan’talwaysbedistinguishedbygender.

Whilethe“average”maleand“average”femalebrainswere30different,youcouldn’ttellitbylookingatindividualbrainscans.Onlyasmall31ofpeoplehad“all-male”or“all-female”characteristics.

LarryCahill,anAmericanneuroscientist(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家),saidthestudyisanimportantadditiontoagrowingbodyofresearchquestioning32beliefsaboutgenderandbrainfunction.Buthecautionedagainstconcludingfromthisstudythatallbrainsarethesame,33ofgender.

“There’samountainofevidence34theimportanceofse_influencesatalllevelsofbrainfunction,”hetoldTheSeattleTimes.

Ifanything,hesaid,thestudy35thatgenderplaysaveryimportantroleinthebrain“evenwhenwearenotcleare_actlyhow.”

A)abnormalI)regardless

B)appliedJ)searched

C)brieflyK)similarities

D)categorizingL)slightly

E)challengesM)suggests

F)figureN)tastes

G)percentageO)traditional

H)proving

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

CanBurglarsJamYourWirelessSecuritySystem?

[A]Anyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefule_amination.Soitisn’tsurprisingthatyou’llfindplentyofstrongopinionsaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome-securitysystems.

[B]Themostlikelytypeofburglary(入室偷竊)byfaristheunsophisticatedcrimeofopportunity,usuallyinvolvingabrokenwindoworsomeforcedentry.AccordingtotheFBI,crimesliketheseaccountedroughlytwo-thirdsofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin_.Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal,unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen.TheoddsofacriminalusingtechnicalmeanstobypassasecuritysystemaresosmallthattheFBIdoesn’teventrackthosestatistics.

[C]Oneofthemaintheoreticalhome-securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether.Withwiredsetups,thefearisthataburglar(入室盜賊)mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplybycuttingtherightcable.Withawirelesssetup,youstickbattery-poweredsensorsuparoundyourhomethatkeepaneyeonwindows,doors,motion,andmore.Iftheydetectsomethingwrongwhilethesystemisarmed,they’lltransmitawirelessalertsignaltoabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm.Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord-cuttingconcerns—butwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent,jamming?Withtherightdevicetunedtotherightfrequency,what’stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?

[D]Jammingconcernsarenothingnew,andthey’renotuniquetosecuritysystems.Anydevicethat’sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificfrequencycanbeoverwhelmedbyastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency.Forcomparison,let’ssayyouwantedto“jam”aconversationbetweentwopeople—allyou’dneedtodoisyellinthelistener’sear.

[E]Securitydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcaston—thatmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogling.Theywill,however,needsoknowwhatsystemthey’relookingfor.Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse,that’dpointthemintherightdirection,thoughatthatpoint,we’retalkingaboutahighlytargeted,semi-sophisticatedattack,andnotthesortforced-entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.It’seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentforsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers.

[F]Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks.SimpliSafe,winnerofourEditor’sChoicedistinction,utilizesaspecialsystemthat’scapableofseparatingincidentalRFinterferencefromtargetedjammingattacks.Whenthesystemthinksit’sbeingjammed,it’llnotifyyouviapushalert(推送警報).Fromthere,it’suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually.

[G]SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming,completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment.AftertakingappropriatemeasurestocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab,wetestedtheattackoutforourselves,andwereabletoverifythatit’spossiblewiththerightequipment.However,wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe’santi-jammingsystemworks.Itcaughtusintheact,sentanalerttomysmartphone,andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesystem’seventlog.Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem,orwhetherornotindetectedthem.

[H]Weliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware.Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn’tbeableto谷歌howthesystemworks,thenfigureoutawayaroundit.Eveniftheycould,SimpliSafeclaimsthatitssystemisalwaysevolving,andthatitvariesslightlyfromsystemtosystem,whichmeanstherewouldn’tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit.Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming.TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite,citingtheirownjamprotectionsoftwareandclaimingthattherearen’tanyumentedcasesofsuccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthe_80s.

[I]Jammingattacksareabsolutelypossible.Assaidbefore,withtherightequipmentandtherightknow-how,it’spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission.Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirwayintoyourhomeandstealyourstuff?

[J]Let’simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti-jammingsystem.First,athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome,specifically.Then,he’sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup.Presumably,youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou’reaway.Sothethiefwillstillneedtobreakin.Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow,orbreakingawindow.He’llneedtobejammingyouatthispoint,asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm.So,too,wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome,sothethiefwillneedtocontinuejammingoncehe’sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal.However,he’llneedtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem,thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnowhaveaccessto.

[K]Attheendoftheday,thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash-and-grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.They’realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany-sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome,onethatincludescommonsensethingslikesoundlocksandpropere_teriorlightingatnight.Nosystemisimpenetrable,andnonecanpromisetoeliminatetheworstcasecompletely.Everyoneofthemhasvulnerabilitiesthataknowledgeablethiefcouldtheoreticallye_ploit.Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst-casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-e_traordinaryattack.

36.Itispossibleforburglarstomakejammingattackswiththenecessaryequipmentandskill.

37.Interferingwithawirelesssecuritysystemissimilartointerferingwithaconversation.

38.Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm,bothinsideandoutsidethehouse.

39.SimpliSafeprovidesdevicesthatareabletodistinguishincidentalradiointerferencefromtargetedjammingattacks.

40.Onlyaverysmallproportionofburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans.

41.ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging.

42.Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected.

43.Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone’shomefromburglaryinadditiontothewirelesssecuritysystem.

44.SimpliSafe’sdevicecansendawarningtothehouseowner’scellphone.

45.Burglarscaneasilygetasecuritydevice’sfrequencybyInternetsearch.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asapersonwhowritesaboutfoodanddrinkforaliving.Icouldn’ttellyouthefirstthingaboutBillPerryorwhetherthebeershesellsarethatgreat.ButIcantellyouthatIlikethisguy.That’sbecauseheplanstobantippinginfavorofpayinghisserversanactuallivingwage.

Ihatetipping.

Ihateitbecauseit’sanobligationdisguisedasanoption.Ihateitforthepost-dinnermathitrequiresofme.Butmostly,IhatetippingbecauseIbelieveIwouldbeinabetterplaceifpaydecisionsregardingemployeesweresimplyleftuptotheiremployers,asisthecustominvirtuallyeveryotherindustry.

Mostofyouprobablythinkthatyouhatetipping,too.Researchsuggestsotherwise.Youactuallylovetipping!Youliketofeelthatyouhaveavoiceinhowmuchmoneyyourservermakes.Nomatterhowthemathworksout,youpersistentlyviewrestaurantswithvoluntarytippingsystemsasbeingabettervalue,whichmakesite_tremelydifficultforrestaurantsandbarstodoawaywiththetippingsystem.

Oneargumentthatyoutendtohearalotfromthepro-tippingcrowdseemslogicalenough:theserviceisbetterwhenwaitersdependontips,presumablybecausetheyseeabenefittosuccessfullyveilingtheircontemptforyou.Well,ifthisweretrue,wewouldallbeslippingafew1_-dollarbillstoourtorsonthewayouttheirdoors,too.Butasitturnsout,waitersseeonlyatinybumpintipswhentheydoane_ceptionaljobcomparedtoapassableone.Waiters,keenobserversofhumanitythattheyare,arecatchingontothis;inonepoll,afull30%saidtheydidn’tbelievethejobtheydidhadanyimpactonthetipstheyreceived.

Socomeon,folks:getonboardwithditchingtheoutdatedtipsystem.Payalittlemoreupfrontforyourbeerorburger.SupportBillPerry’spub,andanyotherbarorrestaurantthatdoesn’taskyoutododrunkenmath.

46.WhatcanwelearnaboutBillPerryfromthepassage?

A)Herunsapubthatservese_cellentbeer.

B)Heintendstogetridofthetippingpractice.

C)Hegiveshisstaffaconsiderablesumfortips.

D)Helivescomfortablywithoutgettinganytips.

47.Whatisthemainreasonwhytheauthorhatestipping?

A)Itsetsabade_ampleforotherindustries.

B)Itaddstotheburdenofordinarycustomers.

C)Itforcesthecustomertocompensatethewaiter.

D)Itposesagreatchallengeforcustomerstodomath.

48.Whydomanypeoplelovetippingaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Theyhelpimprovethequalityoftherestaurantstheydinein.

B)Theybelievewaitersdeservesuchrewardsforgoodservice.

C)Theywanttopreserveawonderfultraditionoftheindustry.

D)Theycanhavesomesayinhowmuchtheirserversearn.

49.Whathavesomewaiterscometorealizeaccordingtoasurvey?

A)Servicequalityhaslittleeffectontipsize.

B)Itisinhumanmaturetotrytosaveontips.

C)Tipsmakeitmoredifficulttopleasecustomers.

D)Tipsbenefitthebossratherthattheemployees.

50.Whatdoestheauthorargueforinthepassage?

A)Restaurantsshouldcalculatethetipsforcustomers.

B)Customersshouldpaymoretipstohelpimproveservice.

C)Waitersdeservebetterthanjustrelyingontipsforaliving.

D)Waitersshouldbepaidbyemployersinsteadofcustomers.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inthepast,fallingoilpriceshavegivenaboosttotheworldeconomy,butrecentforecastsforglobalgrowthhavebeentoneddown,evenasoilpricessinklowerandlower.Doesthatmeanthelinkbetweenloweroilpricesandgrowthhasweakened?

Somee_pertssaytherearestillgoodreasonstobelievecheapoilshouldheatuptheworldeconomy.Consumershavemoremoneyintheirpocketswhenthey’repayinglessatthepump.Theyspendthatmoneyonotherthings,whichstimulatestheeconomy.

ThebiggestgainsgotocountriesthatimportmostoftheiroillikeChina,Japan,andIndia,Butdoesn’tthee_tramoneyinthepocketsofthosecountries’consumersmeananequallossinoilproducingcountries,cancellingoutthegains?Notnecessarily,sayseconomicresearcherSaraJohnson.“Manyoilproducersbuiltuphugereservefundswhenpriceswerehigh,sowhenpricesfalltheywilldrawontheirreservestosupportgovernmentspendingandsubsidies(補(bǔ)助)fortheirconsumers.”

Butnotalloilproducershavebigreserves,InVenezuela,collapsingoilpriceshavesentitseconomyintofree-fall.

EconomistCarlWeinbergbelievesthenegativeeffectsofplungingoilpricesareoverwhelmingthepositiveeffectsofcheaperoil.Theimplicationisasharpdeclineinglobaltrade,whichhasplungedpartlybecauseoil-producingnationscan’taffordtoimportasmuchastheyusedto.

SaraJohnsonacknowledgesthattheglobaleconomicbenefitfromafallinoilpricestodayislikelylowerthanitwasinthepast.Onereasonisthatmorecountriesarebigoilproducersnow,sothenationssufferingfromthepricedropaccountforalargershareoftheglobaleconomy.

Consumers,intheU.S.atleast,areactingcautiouslywiththesavingsthey’regettingatthegaspump,asthememoryoftherecentgreatrecessionisstillfreshintheirmind.Andanumberofoil-producingcountriesaretrimmingtheirgasolinesubsidiesandraisingta_es,sothenetsavingsforglobalconsumersisnotasbigastheoilpriceplungemightsuggest.

51.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?

A)Thereasonsbehindtheplungeofoilpric