2023學(xué)年完整公開課版英國文學(xué)

PercyByssheShelley

(1792-1822)WilliamWordsworthdeclaredhimas"Oneofthebestartistsofusall“.LordByroncommentshimas"WithoutexceptionthebestandleastselfishmanIeverknew“.LifeandCareerBorninawealthyfamilyatSussex;EducatedfirstatEton,thenatOxford;BeingexpelledfromOxfordanddisinheritedbyhisheadstrongfatherbecauseofhiswritingandcirculatingapamphlet,TheNecessityofAtheism(1811),torepudiatetheexistenceofGod.In1811,elopedwith16-year-oldHarrietWestbrook;In1813,publishedhisfirstimportantpoem,QueenMabprivately.In1814,heleftEnglandforFrancewithMaryGodwin.In1816,afterHarrietShelley’ssuicide,ShelleyandMaryofficiallymarried.OnJuly8,1822,ShellywasdrownedwhilesailingintheBayofSpezia,nearLerici.OdetotheWestWindListentothispoemandthinkaboutwhat“thewestwind“standsfor?StanzaIInthefirststanza,theautumnwindscattersdeadleavesandseedsontheforestsoil,wheretheyeventuallyfertilizetheearthandtakerootsasnewgrowth.Both“DestroyerandPreserver,”thewindensuresthecyclicalregularityoftheseasons.Thesethemesofregenerationandtheinterconnectednessofdeathandlife,endingsandbeginnings,runsthroughout“OdetotheWestWind”.StanzaII&IIITheleafimageisextendedhere.Thesky’scloudsinthesecondstanzaarelike“earth’sdecayingleaves”and“Angelsofrainandlightning”.Inthethirdstanza,thewindpenetratestotheAtlantic’sdepthsandcausestheseaflowersand“oozywoods”to“despoilthemselves”,thatis,toshedthe“saplessfoliageoftheocean”.StanzaIVThespeakeridentifieshimselfwiththeleavesofthefirstthreestanzas:“deadleaf”,“swiftcloud”,and“wave”.Ifthewindcanliftthesethingsintoflight,whycanitnotalsoliftShelley“asawave,aleaf,acloud?”StanzaVThefifthstanzacompletesthemetaphorbyidentifyingShelley’s“falling”and“withered”leavesashis“deadthoughts”and“words”.Atlastthespeaker-inlongingtobetheWestWind’slyre-becauseonewith“theforest”.

ThemeThecycleoftheseasons;WestWind:

-destroyerandpreserver;-sweepsacrosstheland,sweepsacrossthesky,sweepsacrosstheocean;Manandwind:

-Young(possessingthequalitiesofwind):tameless,radical,brave,passionate,energetic,courageous,withstrongimagination;

-Old(losingthequalitiesofthewind):tamed,conservative,inactive,indifferent,cold,lossofimagination.★Cyclesofdeathandrebirth-Asamagicianthewindworksitsmagicthroughoutnatureanditknowsnoboundsastheearth,waterandairallfeelitspower.TheimageryassociatedwiththissuggeststhatShelleyexpectedhisworktoalsospreadovertheuniverse,likethewind,todestroytheoldandtopreservethenew.“OdeonanGrecianUrn”showsthecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofartandthetransienceofhumanpassion.ThepoethasabsorbedhimselfintothetimelessbeautifulsceneryontheantiqueGrecianurn:thelovers,musiciansandworshipperontheurnexistsimultaneouslyandforeverintheirintensityofjoy.ListentoitandappreciateonthispoemTheyareunaffectedbytime,stilledinexpectation.Thisisatoncethegloryandthelimitationoftheworldconjuredupbyanobjectofart.Theurncelebratesbutsimplifiesintuitionsofecstasybyseemingtodenyourpainfulknowledgeoftransienceandsuffering.Butinthelaststanza,theurnbecomesa“coldPastoral”,whichpresentshisambivalenceabouttimeandthenatureofbeaut