股票外匯技術(shù)英文

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HydrologicAnalysisforNPS319andCMIGrantsDaveFongersHydrologicStudiesUnitLandandWaterManagementDivision,MDEQ517-373-0210fongersd@Assesswatershedandstreamstabilitysothatproposedsolutionswill:bepermanentaddressthecausenotmovetheproblemtoanotherlocationNoband-aidsolutions.GoalofHydrologicAnalysis

forNPSGrantstoControlErosionThisassessmentcanbefairlystraightforward.Somesituationsmayneedadditionalexpertise.StabilityHydrology:agivensetofhydrologicconditions(antecedentsoilmoisture,rainfall,snowmelt,etc.)alwayscausetherunofffromthewatershedtorespondinapredictablemannerintermsofbothtotalvolumeandpeakdischarge.Practically,thismeansthelanduses,soils,anddrainagepatternswithinthewatershedarenotchanging.StreamorChannelMorphology:thestream'ssinuosity,profile,andcross-sectionaldimensionsareconstant.Thisdoesnotmeannoerosion.Itdoesmeannonetchangeinchannelshapewhichcanonlyoccuriftheflowregime,especiallychannel-forming(1-to2-year)flow,isnotchanging.Pasthydrologicchangescanmakeastreammorphologicallyunstablefor60yearsormore.Channel-FormingFlow:theflooddischargethatcausesthechanneltoassumeitsexistingshape.Extremefloodflowsgenerallyhavelittleeffectonchannelmorphologybecausetheyaresorare.Morefrequentlyoccurringflows,thosewitha1.5

to2-yearrecurrenceinterval,aregenerallythedominantchannel-formingflowsinstable,naturalstreams(Schueler,1987andRosgen,1996).WatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?YesYesNaturalAreaWatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?No?MallunderdevelopmentAlthoughthehydrologiccharacteristicsofthisdrainageareaarestable,pastchangesmaycontinuetodestabilizethemorphologyofthereceivingstream.WatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?Yes?MallThisisanactivedown-cut.Stabilitycannotbedeterminedfromonephotohowever.WatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?YesNoHagerCreekThiserosionstarted80yearsagowhenafourteen-milereachofnaturalstreamwasdivertedtothisthree-milelong,straightchannel.AlimitedhydrologicstudywasconductedforthisCMIproject.WatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?YesNoEastBranchAuGresRiverNochanges(NC)maintainandprotectexistingflowregimeLimitedchanges(LC)restoreandprotectpreviousflowregimeSignificantpast/ongoingchanges,morphologyunstablebutadapting(SCA)balancebetweenimprovingflowregimeandrehabilitatingmorphologyOngoingsignificantchangeswithmorphologyunstableandrestrictedabilitytoadapt(SCU)maintainexistingflowregimeinfuturedevelopments,balancebetweenimprovingflowregimesfromdevelopedsitesandrehabilitatingmorphologyGrantprioritiesandhydrologicchangesWatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?NoNoCarrierCreekCategory:SCA?Allstreamsaredynamicsystems.Someerosionatstreambendsisnatural.BearCreekWatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?YesYesCategory:NCThiserosionmaybecausedbyflowdivertingarounddebrisoricepilingagainsttheformerbridgesupports.Nearbystreambanksarestable.Removaloftheformerbridgesupportsshouldeliminatethecauseoftheerosionatthissite.WatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?YesYesBearCreekCategory:NCSometimesthecauseoftheerosionisobvious.WatershedHydrologyStable?StreamMorphologyStable?YesYesPineRiverCategory:NCCauseCauseCauseCauseCauseCauseCauseWa粥te梢rs揚(yáng)he么d道Hy雹dr益ol池og錘y栗St講ab踐le按?St馬re野am吹M噴or咳ph房誠(chéng)ol哈og刑y零St松ab從le賭?NoPr嫌ob等ab擠lyPe俱av限in朗e性Cr曾ee忍kAp繭pr畝op便ri夸at悟e亡BM擊Ps箏c圣an箏o意ff缺se殊t苦ur舉ba里ni臟za母ti芽on脖.澡H掉er抓e,敏p口re漸tr向ea待tm師en聚t,壟i偵nf笛il軟tr碼at膊io爛n,謀a儲(chǔ)nd吳d猛et正en己ti礙on膠w仍er舉e閘co熄mb盾in拜ed販t毅o仇mi混mi更c(diǎn)絨pr拜e-昏de科ve勉lo嗽pm溪en堤t拴ru產(chǎn)no低ff吼c刻ha久ra卸ct毯er盟is重ti賓cs摩.Ca巡壽te漫go捧ry遺:NC摸?Fo豪r濤ev鐮en繞ts當(dāng)u毒p姻to臺(tái)t辨he畏5百0壺pe時(shí)rc日en濾t停ch川an盾ce晌(等2-銹ye橋ar鐵)紋st突or敢m,旁n漁o辮ru重no既ff馬i蝦s液ex歲pe挎ct城ed姨f澇ro端m叫th我e導(dǎo)re忙vi言se鍬d益in袍du堡st斑ri貓al外p梢ar征k.路Th幸is畫m草at喘ch俘es黃t班he健p細(xì)re棟-d浮ev普el瓜op轎me威nt合c易o(hù)n頑di亭ti繞on秧.Th逆is放u微ns笑ta禮bl鬧e銅st蠻re俘am成h址as注e蒜xt精en竭si激ve姐e旬ro滿si毫on吐a而ll篩a矩lo聰ng服t緣瑞he大b廟an俊ks座.結(jié)T芝he沉e拖ro蹈si律on頂i棟s您wo冊(cè)rs嗓e圣in登s闊om脅e螺ar室ea火s圾du飲e咬to賭h雷ea渣vy銅f疊oo漏t芳tr利af底fi擔(dān)c.幸A禁hy壺dr生ol扣og恰ic鞋s終tu宵dy薯,荒in喉co摸rp匹or灶at鞠in蘭g稼mo強(qiáng)de景l(fā)i錯(cuò)ng扣,鄉(xiāng)豐wa焰s黃co災(zāi)nd換uc潑te分d凍to撲h以el炕p插se女le津ct繩t累he緞a手pp記ro飾pr肉ia釋te理r蔬eh慨a(chǎn)b費(fèi)il脖it銷at雕io金n相BM彎Ps階.Wa若te香rs乎he喊d倚Hy唇dr乘ol鬼og爆y勵(lì)St計(jì)ab五le惜?St斑re站am預(yù)M逼or賓ph蛾ol恰og蘭y曠St挪ab布le秩?NoHa序ge炕r可Cr甲ee擴(kuò)kCa御te晨go像ry絲式:SC襖ANo12償/7揪/9午9De師si女gn數(shù)P匆ro莊ce粉ss用:Mo帳de叮l咸wa匯te度rs賠he正dCo屑ll跪ec服t權(quán)ca患li餓br膚at沖io秤n滑da替taSe碎le歇ct沿d桂et犁en昏ti用on終p見on返d攝re困tr選of染it貓sCo異mp鹿ut胳e引ex耗pe宣ct箱ed萍f敞lo財(cái)wsDe亞si絹gn滴c繳ha物nn晉el脅b觸as遲ed永o黎n懼re結(jié)fe橋re勺nc管e團(tuán)re嗎ac浮hWa負(fù)te翁rs戶he膠d誼Hy券dr爛ol容og掩y塌St樹ab限le脫?St螞re坊am雙M爪or館ph票ol稠og你y摸St廚ab餃le柱?NoBl乞ak危es并le呆e互Cr曲ee所kCa量te遙go碎ry在:SC靠ANoWa貨te窮rs的he漠d鳥Hy束dr功ol哄og錫y給St疼ab譯le焰?St橋re貴am舌M迎or他ph握ol腿og誘y京St腎ab談le縣?NoBl晴ak袋es拌le亮e永Cr端ee咽kCa欺te博go乖ry洪:SC桶ANoMo賽ut怒h(huán)歲of耽c以re老ek僚a疼ft靠er構(gòu)r減ai緞nf證al珠l.裝Re卸ce株iv宿in怠g昂ri痰ve犁r遭is龍a童d花es象ig塊na刃te鐘d谷tr越ou仗t呆st籮re誦am剃.Wa逆te格rs荒he約d欄Hy坊dr掙ol嚴(yán)og劉y日St警ab換le叫?St時(shí)re圖am汗M腫or磁ph確ol吉og們y副St菌ab醫(yī)le妄?NoBl灑ak歐es崇le包e耕Cr暈ee妄kCa袋te堵go待ry閉:SC賠ANoJu途ly互1致99采2讓ph袖ot港o0.楚32坐s涉qu屠ar教e唇mi攀le稻w該at粘er瓦sh策edWa眾te苦rs猜he非d燃Hy里dr濁ol桑og轟y珠St鑒ab元le某?St酬re鳳am帽M老or咱ph獵ol步og里y亦St踩ab有l(wèi)e暫?NoBl蜘ak嬌es霸le軍e情Cr陜ee懂kCa統(tǒng)te核go棄ry梅:SC季ANoWa覆te怕rs纏he火d慕Hy德dr我ol擾og憂y襯St蠢ab歲le螺?St咸re鑰am途M加or形ph亂ol優(yōu)og但y刃St并ab宋le睜?NoBl公ak飛es惜le級(jí)e情Cr扶ee晌kCa童te斤go卵ry根:SC籌ANoCN守=4啦7CN狠=5講8CN附=6奪7Wa室te拆rs衛(wèi)he族d市Hy啦dr易o(hù)l恐og維y愿St烈ab毫le坐?St逼re怒am紗M史or車ph鐵ol雹og乳y憲St存ab捧le攻?NoBl醉ak束es逼le攪e洲Cr遮ee臭kCa蕉te浩go屢ry四:SC捷ANoCN燦=4夸7CN房誠(chéng)=6快7CN桑=6丙7Wa閘te內(nèi)rs朋he已d檢Hy資dr時(shí)ol團(tuán)og置y岡St散ab癥le勢(shì)?St箭re昌am篇M累or躬ph邁ol午og部y證St鍵ab再le頭?NoBl雹ak序es頓le還e怪Cr糾ee皺kCa怎te霞go蠢ry盞:SC燈ANoWa雁te缺rs連he強(qiáng)d脹Hy柱dr騾ol雕og汪y貞St仔ab圈le并?St縮慧re杰am去M夢(mèng)or霞ph請(qǐng)ol段og燥y全St碌ab悔le陶?NoBl片ak賤es滾le園e足Cr還ee留kCa墨te雷go夠ry棒:SC逼ANoWa類te少rs彎he砍d饑Hy郵dr寫ol蔽og紙y葬St濕ab升le聞?St條re互am逮M紗or賴ph尾ol篩og頓y兼St部ab霸le飛?NoBl槳ak到es色le切e禮Cr慘ee樸kCa約te搜go悅ry浮:SC演ANoPr嚇ed炊ic版te茫d鞭50判p勇er偽ce鐮nt塑c破ha眼nc幅e扛(2血-y厚ea但r)異f暫lo編w視fr絹om茶c虹al遭ib龍ra杯te逝d統(tǒng)mo辦de州l.Pr際e-定de刷ve收lo油pm躲en炎tPo棉st徹-d謙ev例el求op洽me紹ntAd鞭di兇ti均on襯al尸d來et型en稻ti個(gè)on訂w胳as伏p虎ro內(nèi)po潤(rùn)se碌d除fo嚴(yán)r特th筋is攜s深it哥e.渾Fi辮el權(quán)d運(yùn)ob置se蝴rv職at加io汁n連in條di跑ca竹te傲d姿th導(dǎo)at留l叫an祝d海us術(shù)e垂ha暖d底no果t隸ch肥an管ge邊d豎in憂2踐2沫ye狹ar克s.沉N鑄o忠fu思rt角he數(shù)r櫻hy狗dr稠ol孩og錯(cuò)ic慌s到tu昂dy較w叛a(bǔ)s肚r觀eq絹u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