2023名校版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精讀含答案risk

2023名校版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精讀含答案riskAnewstudyofolderadultshasfoundtoomuchdaytime

napping（小睡）maysignalanincreasingriskofAlzheimer’sdisease.ResearchersfromBrighamandWomen’sHospitalhavereportedtherelationshipbetweenthetwo:toomuchdaytimenappingpredictsanincreasedfutureriskofAlzheimer’s,andadiagnosisofAlzheimer’sspeedsuptheincreaseindaytimenappingduringaging.“Daytimesleepbehaviorsofolderadultsareoften

ignored,andanagreementfordaytimenappingin

clinical

practiceandhealthcareisstilllacking,”saidPengLi,oneoftheresearchers.“Ourteamcallsforacloserattentionto24-hoursleeppatterns—notonlynighttimesleepbutalsodaytimenap—fortrackingthehealthofolderadults.”TheresearchersrecognizedthatallpreviousstudiesonAlzheimer’sdisease

assessed

nappingwithinaparticipantonlyonce,andmostofwhichweresubjectiveandquestionnaire-based.Inthenewstudy,morethan1000individuals,withanaverageageof81,wereprovidedActical,awatch-likedevice,towearontheirwristforupto14days.Afternappingepisodeswereidentified,thenap

duration

and

frequency

werecalculated.TheresultshavesuggestedthattoomuchdaytimenappingmaysignalanincreasingriskofAlzheimer’s,andthatfasteryearlyincreaseindaytimenappingmaybeasignofworseningor

unfavored

clinicaldevelopmentofthedisease.Researchershaveacknowledgedthatalthoughthemethodofthenewstudyhasbeenwidelyusedinsleepfieldstudies,theyrecognizethat

polysomnography（多導(dǎo)睡眠記錄儀）isthegoldstandardforsleepscoring.Moreover,theparticipantsstudiedwereolder,andtherefore,thefindingsmaynotbeeasilytranslatedtoyoungerpeople.Inaddition,futurestudiesshouldtestwhetheradirect

intervention

indaytimenappingcanlowertheriskofAlzheimer’s.“Wehopetodrawmoreattentiontodaytimesleeppatternsandtheimportanceofpatientsnotingiftheirsleepschedulechangesovertime,”saidco-seniorauthorKunHuoftheMedicalBiodynamicsProgram.“Sleepchangesarecriticalinshapingtheinternalchangesinthebrain.”32.Whatdoesthenewstudyofolderadultsshow?A.ThelinkbetweendaytimenappingandAlzheimer’s.B.ThecausesandsymptomsofAlzheimer’sdisease.C.Theproperamountsofdaytimenapping.D.Thewaystoimprovethequalityofsleep.33.Howdidtheresearchersconductthenewstudy?A.Byaskingabouttheparticipants’ideas.B.Bycarryingoutaparticularquestionnaire.C.Bytrackingparticipants’sleepwithadevice.D.Byassigningparticipantscalculatingtasks.34.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A.Themethodofthenewstudyisperfect.B.Thefindingsaresuitableforallages.C.Furtherstudiesshouldbecarriedout.D.InterventioncanreducetheriskofAlzheimer’s.35.WhatdoesKunHutalkabout?A.Thepatternsofdaytimenap.B.Thewaytomakesleepschedules.C.Thecausesofbrainchanges.D.Thesignificanceofthenewstudy.ACCDThetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenough

toidentify

themfromalargergroupinmorethanoneinthreecases，sayresearchers.Researchers

analyzed

smartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedatainto

statistical

models.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople’sdailyappusepatterns.Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhenprovidedwithonlyasingledayofsmartphoneactivitythatwas

anonymous(匿名的)．Themodels，which

weretrainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataperperson，couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayof

anonymous

dataonethirdofthetime.Thatmightnotsoundlikemuch，butwhenthemodelspredictwhothedatabelongedto，itcouldalsoprovidealistofthemosttotheleastlikely

candidates.Itwaspossibletoviewthetop10mostlikelyindividualsthata

specific

dayofdatabelongedto.Around75%ofthetime，thecorrectuserwouldbeamongthetop10mostlikely

candidates.Inpracticalterms，alaw

enforcement(執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu))

investigation

seekingtoidentify

acriminal’snewphonewiththesemodelscouldreduceacandidatepoolof

approximately

1,000phonesto10phones，witha25%riskofmissingthem.Consequently，theresearcherswarnthatsoftware

givenaccessto

asmartphone’sstandardactivityloggingcouldmakeareasonablepredictionaboutauser’sidentityevenwhentheywerelogged-outoftheiraccount.An

identification

ispossiblewithout

monitoring

conversationsorbehaviorswithinappsthemselves.Therefore，itisimportantto

acknowledge

thatappusagedataalone，which

isoftencollectedbyasmartphone

automatically，can

potentiallyrevealaperson’sidentity.Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesforlawenforcement，italsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.12．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainaphenomenon.B．Toconfirmanassumption.C．Toshowaresearchprocess.D．Topresentaresearchfinding.13．Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?A．Byrecordingappusetime.B．Bystudyingappusagedata.C．Bycomparingdifferentapps.D．Bychangingappusepatterns.