2014年考研英語真題及解析

SectionⅠUseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social, 5Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveinligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatinligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-based hastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogram16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouyto19onthestrengthsyouaredevelo--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseandvaryyourmuscleuse.1.[A]why [B]when [C]that [D]where2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]collapses [D]recovers3.[A]While [B]Unless [C]Once [D]If4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]relationship [B]environment [C]wellbeing [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]responses [B]roundabouts [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]criterion [C]circumstances[D]functions9.[A]channel [B]process [C]sequence [D]condition10.[A]excel [B]feature [C]persist [D]believe11.[A]However [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]Therefore12.[A]insteadof [B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom [D]accordingto13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]framework [B]stability [C]sharpness [D]flexibility15.[A]hurries [B]reminds[C]s[D]allows16.[A]order[B]track[C]hold[D]pace17.[A] [B] [C] [D]18.[A][B][C]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A][B][C]PartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextInorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’rengthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyour efromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifyingpsychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucial etofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase‘jobseeker’sallowance’-inventedin1996-isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintended motivatetheunemployedtoreportprovidetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstoencouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobguaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttoThephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobably toregisterforanallowancefromthetoaccept ernment’srestrictionsonthetocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthetoattendaernmentaljob-trainingWhatpromptedthechancellortodevelophis[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifefor [B]Aneagernesstoprotectthe[C]Anurgetobegeneroustothe [D]ApassiontoensurefairnessforAccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesone [B] [C] [D]TowhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyUnemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeTheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualOsborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofAllaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewceswhereshavemoregroundsforcomintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminstead ethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthaterntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeeoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanservesethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondue thegrowingdemandfrom [B]theincreasingpressureof[C]theprospectofworkinginbig [D]theattractionoffinancialWhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanHighertuitionfeesforundergraduate [B]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanother[C]Admissionsapprovalfromthebar [D]ReceivingtrainingbyprofessionalHindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginates [B]lawyers’ s’strong[C]therigidbodieserningthe [D]thesternexamforwould-beTheguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecause preventslawyersfromgainingdue [B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firm[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthe [D]bansoutsiders’involvementintheInthistext,theauthormainly flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditsthefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinaprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstotheroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegalTheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrative forresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe ephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinWhat’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.Thenew areanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycominaboutthenew ,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseen asymboloftheentrepreneurs’ [B]apossiblerecementoftheNobel[C]ahandsomerewardfor [D]anexampleofbankers’Thecriticsthinkthatthe willmost theprofit-oriented [B]thefoundersofthe[C]theachievement-based [D]peer-review-ledThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhich thejointeffortofmodern [B]controversiesovertherecipients’[C]thedemonstrationofresearch [D]legitimateconcernsoverthenewHistoryhasnevercastdoubton [B]Theyarethemostrepresentative[C]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenin [D]TheirendurancehasdonejusticetoTheauthorbelievesthatthe harmfultothecultureof [B]acceptabledespitethe[C]subjecttoundesirable [D]unworthyofpublic“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitys,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativeernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfulllicy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericanernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigital.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Unfortunay,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenrecedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasmarketsorself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,inlectualinvestigation.TheAAASdisysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate. [B] [C] [D]InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhow safeguardindividuals’rightsto [B]define ernment’srolein[C]retainpeople’sinterestinliberal [D]keepaleadingpositioninliberalAccordingtoParagraph3,thereport anexclusivestudyofAmerican [B]agreateremphasisontheoretical[C]theapplicationofemerging[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignTheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessors supportive [B]biasedagainstclassicalliberal[C]cautiousabout lectual [D]conservativeaboutpublicWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheIlliberalEducationand“TheHeartofthe [B]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberal[C]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartofthe [D]Progressivevs.Liberal Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizeintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,fellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsRenemillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymaptheentirecityofTeotihuacaninthevalleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.atitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheword.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealso eimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.Inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopán,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillageandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopáncollapsed.Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airborne,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairnesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTuhamenexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEyancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingforthingengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evas’sinterpretationsofthoseengravingseventuallyledthemtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossosontheislandofCrete,in1900.Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountsofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetector.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinnningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.41---A---42.---E---43---44---PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesame atdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.Beethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.47)Byallaccountshewasathinking ,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.Thiscourageousattitudeinfact esarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforeBeethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewofdom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocateddomofthoughtandof alexpression.Beethoven’smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.ItisnotbychancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.50)OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.SectionIIIWritingPartAWritealetterofabout100wordstotheofyouruniversity,suggestinghowtoimprovestudents’physicalYoushouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1）describethedrawingbriefly,interpretitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET(20SectionIUseofthat【解析】本句句義為“我們會突然想不起來放”。劃線處及之后的“weputthekeyjustamomentago”作remember的賓語從句。根據(jù)put的用法“putsomethinginsomece”(把某物放在某處)可知，空格處where表示地點狀語，因此正確答案是D。whywhen分別引導原因put的地點狀語，所以排除選項A和B。that放在動詞remember之后引導賓語從句，此時的that沒有任何實際意義可以省略，而且that并不能充當put的地點狀語，所以排除選項C。improves【解析】本句句義為“隨著大腦，我們把這些稱之為‘老不中用的瞬間’”。首先，這句話中的“these這些情況都是不好的事情，因此空格部分要填的詞要帶有的意思，因此可以首次排除選項A和D。比較選OnceIf思。其它三個選項放在空格中會導致意義不通。所以正確答案為A。While經(jīng)常用來表示句子前后意義的對比。而unless,once,if用來表示條件。以看出只有選項Cdamaging符合句意，而其它三個選項均不符合句意，所以正確答案是C。environmentwellbeing 由此可知，注意力不集中會帶來破壞性影響。此外，空格處所填詞匯要同時能被professional,social和 三詞修飾只有wellbeing符合句意因此正確答案為C選項AB和D只能被professional,social和 alturnsoutfindsoutpoints(out)(【解析】第二段第一句提到神經(jīng)科學家們越來越顯示人們可以做很多事。第二句提到“我們的大腦像肌的結論。此外，根據(jù)動詞搭配、用法可知，“Itturnsoutthat+句子”是常見的固定結構，表示“結果是，原來是，證明是”，詳細闡述研究的具體結果。其他的選項都可以和outB和D的主語多為人而不that引導的從句。意思是并列的，后一句的意思是“而且適當?shù)拇竽X可以顯著提高我們基本的認知……”，所以這里的“therightmental”指的就是前面的“thebrainneedsexerciseworkouts符合句意，因此選項C為正確答案。 通過腦力鍛煉，提高老年人的力，由此可知，腦力鍛煉能夠提高認知的功能，選項D符合句意，為正確答案。選項ABC均不符合上下文語意。genre多指的是文學或藝術作品的題材或類型，如果和cognitive搭配，則意義不通。作者在后面開始討論thinking即思考在大腦中的地位，所以這里指的是大腦基本的認知功能，而不是認知標準或認知環(huán)境，可排除選項BC。channel，頻 而且被ofmakingconnections修飾。其次，文中下一句是對這種makingconnections的闡釋和分析，因此只有process(過程)符合句意故B為正確答案選項Achannel側重于指某種原文并沒有提及選項Csequence指的是次序，指一系列的東西按照序列進行排列，原文中并沒有強調(diào)神經(jīng)元連接的次序問題。選項Dcondition指的是條件、狀況，文中沒有思考是構建連接的條件或者狀況。因此可排除ACD。persistbelieve 據(jù)ability的用法以及選項可知，空格處需要動詞，構成不定式作后置定語修飾ability。其次，由于這種能力是符合句意，因此選項A為正確答案。其它三個選項都可與介詞“in”搭配，但是選項Bfeature強調(diào)“以……為特寫對象”，選項C表示“堅持做某事”，選項D表示“相信或某事”，均不符合句意，可排除?！窘馕觥勘揪渚湟鉃椤?很顯然前后兩句構成了轉(zhuǎn)折對比關系。因此選項A是正確答案。選項B引導遞進關系，選項C經(jīng)常引導的是可能的結果，而下文分析的不是假設性的結果，選項D引導因果關系，因此選項BCD均可排除。insteadofregardlessofapartfrom除了……之外（還有accordingtoeffortandpracticeeffort，而智力又依靠于構建連接。此外，和“鍛煉”之間毫無關系，與文意不符，可排除。選項C表明“除了鍛煉（還有其他）或者除了鍛煉back可幫助提高腦力方面的能力。由此可知，本段是對上文的補充說明，是“alotcanbedone”的進一步發(fā)展，而TakeastepfurtherB為正確答案。Takeastepback向后退一步，takeastepaside讓……到一邊去，takeasteparound沒有此搭配，因此選項ACD都可排除。sharpnessA和B從意義上都說不通，選項Dmental放到一起，意思是處事和思考問題的靈活性，而不是指正常生理狀態(tài)的腦力，它無法和腦力的生理衰老形成對比。因此，正確答案是Cs 帶有意思，所以選項A和C都要排除。選項B意為“提醒”，但這項程序的功能在于幫助人們訓練大腦，而不是提醒人們做某事，故排除選項B。正確答案只有選項D。order提供詳細反饋。Keeptrackofsomethingkeeporderof意為保持秩序，keephold意為抓AC和原句意思不符，keeppacewithofB。toforwithimprovement和feedback之間的關系。和feedback常和on或者from搭配，表示對performanceandimprovement的反饋，而不是表方向的to或表目的的for，更不是表關系的with。因此，正確答案是B。指“動作或人的習慣性或者積習難改”；選項CD側重指“與眾不同”，可排除選項B、C和D)【解析】本句句義為“最重要的是，它不斷調(diào)整和優(yōu)化你參與的游戲，以 作者強調(diào)鍛煉過程的系統(tǒng)性，連續(xù)性，而on本身就可含有“連續(xù)”之意。而且訓練之后能夠提高智力，因此buildon(增加，增添)最符合句意，故為正確答案。其他三個選項都不能表示“不斷增加”之意，故排除。riskyidleeffective最符合句意，故DA和C含有消極含義，不符合句意。選項B不能明確表達積極剛才放的位置，一個老熟人的名字或者是曾鐘愛的樂隊的名字。隨著大腦的逐漸衰老，我們把這些稱這套基于網(wǎng)絡的程序使你系統(tǒng)地提高增強力和注意力的技巧。該程序你的進度，給出你的表現(xiàn)和SectionIIReadingPartAText 【解析】此題考查英國財政大臣?奧斯本提出新方案的目的，根據(jù)題干人名定位到文章第一段，原文提到“OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly”，即他們應該每周報告一次，文章只提及了報告的時間頻率，并未涉及是C“鼓勵求職者積極找工作”，同樣對應原文“OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit”，說明只有積極找工作才能獲得失業(yè)救 daysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon”，上下找對應關系，下一句出現(xiàn)“We’rengthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”我們之所以工作。signon很明顯與如何獲得救助金有關，即對應選項A“登記獲得提供的津貼”?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)題干thechancellor,prompted,develophisscheme,我們返回原文迅速定位到文章第二段末句“Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fu