分子細胞生物學課件：15主要臟器的組織學結構特點

HistologyofImportantOrgans

wangmin2015HeartKidneyLiverSmallintestinelung1.Heart

endotheliumsubendothelium

subendocardium

Purkinjefiberinit

mesothelium,CT,adiposecells1.Endocardium(心內膜）2.Myocardium（心肌膜）3.Epicardium（心外膜）Conductivesystemofheart(impulsegeneratingandconducting)sinoatrialnodeatrioventricularnodebundles(1)Pacemakercell(2)Transitionalcell(3)Purkinjefiber2.LiverLargestinternalorgan(exocrinegland)Multi-roles:1)plasmaproteinssynthesesalbumins,globulins,lipoproteins,glycoproteins,fibrinogens…2)VitA.D.E.K3)Degradedrugsandtoxins4)Secretebile5)Endocrine–likefunctions:(modifyH.GF)(secretesAngiotensinogen)6)Bloodformationandfiltration

StructureofHepaticlobulesCentralveinHepaticplates(hepatocytes)HepaticsinusoidsDissespace

PortalArea(portaltriads)InterlobularAInterlobularVInterlobularbileduct

Hepatocyte

(5Monthslong,multi-functional,renewing)

LM:incords/plateslargepolyhedralacidophilic,withbasophilicparticles1-2nucleiEM:denseorganelles3kindsofsurfacesbilecanaliculiHepatocyteEMDenseorganellesandinclusionsabout1000MimuchRER(basophilicparticles)SER200-300proxisome(catalaseinit)muchlysosomesdepositsofglycogens,lipiddroplets,lipofusinpigmentThreekindsoffunctionalsurfacesBilecanaliculiandtightjunctions(bileleakage:mechanicaljaundice)

HepaticSinusoids

DiscontinuousendotheliumKupffercellsSinusoidalwallandspaceofDisseItocellinspaceofDisse“StellateC”“Fat-storingC”“PerisinusoidalC”lipiddroplets(VitA/D/K/E)Tissuerenewing-Causefibrosis3.SmallIntestine4LayersMucosasimplecolumnarlaminarpropriamuscularismucosaSubmucosaMusclelayerSerosa3

projections:P.V.MV2smalldigestiveglandsLT,NT

Villi

specificfeatures

forsmallintestinesMucosalprojectionsEpithelium+laminarpropria

MicrovilliSurfacecellularmembrane+cytoplasmPlicaeCircularesofsmallintestinecircularsubmucosalfoldscoveredbyvilli

Smalldigestiveglands

inintestinesMucosalglandsinallsegmentsepithelialinvaginationsextendthroughentirelaminarpropriaSubmucosalgland

deudenalG(Brunner’sG)SimplecolumnarEofsmallintestinesEnterocyte(absorptiveC)MucinsecretingC(Golblet)EnteroendocrineCPanethCMicrofoldCIntraepithelialLc(IEL)&IEMEnterocytesAbsorpionalstructures:MV:striatedborderGlycocalyxdigestiveenzymesterminaldigestionTightjunctionLaterobasalextracellularspaceVesiclesSecreting:enzymes,sIgA

(withplasmacells)Coreofvilli:LCT,SmoothM,immunecellsfenestratedCap:sugars,AA,FA…Lacteal(bigLCap):lipoprotein(chylomicrons)OthercellsinE

MicrofoldcellandmucosaimmunitySmallintestinalmucosalglandCellsinglands:1)enterocytes2)gobletcells3)enteroendocrinecells4)Panethcells:acidophilicgranules(antibacterialproteins,localinnateimmunity)5)UndifferentiatedC:lowerportionofgland6)Othercells(Lc)

GALTDiffusedLTIsolatedLnodule3)AggregatedLnodules(Peyer’spatches)Nervetissueinsmallintestinessubmucosalandmyentericnerveplexuses

4.kidney

sagittalplaneRenal

lobe:1pyramid&itscortexRenallobule:1ray&surroundinglabyrinthRenalcolumns（腎柱）corticaltissurebetweenpyramids

Renalstructure

Urinarytubules

Nephronrenalcorpuscleglormerulus(cap.mesangium)Bowman’scapsuleparietal/visceral/cavityrenaltubulesproximal/thin/distaltubulesCollectingtubulesJuxtaglormerularcomplexRenalcorpuscle1-4millions2polescomponents

glormerulusrenalcapsuleparietal:SSvisceral:podocyteGlomerulusfenestratedcapillariesmesangialcells（系膜細胞）RenalfenestratedcapillaryMesangialcellsAdheringtocapillarywallShortprocessesextending

toBMsurfacepossiblefunction:1)pericyte-like:supporting/

renewing/contracting2)actasmacrophage:cleaningBM3)secretion:renin,PGs,IGFs4)FcR-Pathologicalconditions

Podocyte

greatlymodifiedstructurePrimary

Secondaryprocessespediclesembracecapillariesinterdigitatedwitharegularslitof25nm,noorganelles,richinMF,MTcontactwithbasementmembraneslitdiaphragm:nephrinCellbodydonotcontactwithBMdevelopedcytoskeletonMechanicalfunction:supportshydrostatic

pressureProliferatessensitivelyto

inflammatoryfactorspodocyte

Filtrationmembrane

endothelialpores+BM+slitmembrane

“CrescentNephritis”

-fibrinleakedoutProximal&DistalTubulesProximaltubulesimplecuboidallargediameter/nallowlumenlargepyramidalcellsstronglyacidophilicnumerousMV(brushborder)lateral

processes(indistinctborderlines)basalinfoldings+Mi

(basalstriation)“ion-transportingcell”apicalcanaliculi,vesicles

(proteinabsorption)

Distaltublelessacidophilicnobrushborderlesslateralprocessesdeveloped

basalinfolding--apicalnucleussensitivetoALDOutermedullaInnermedulla(deep)

Collectingtubule40uto200upale-stainingcytoplasmfewerorganelleswater-permeableregulated

byADHJuxtaglomerular

apparatus

Juxtaglomerularcells(JGC)epithelializedSM

ofafferentA

reningranules

AngiotensinogenproteinaseMaculadensa

densedistaltubularcells

sensoryExtraglomerularmesangialcells

signaltransmitterRenin-Ang-ALD---sodiumwaterresorptionRenin-PAS+5.LungStructureserosa(visceralpleura)

lobes,lobules,stromaConductingPortionbronchusandbronchialtreebronchioleterminalbronchiole

RespiratoryportionR.bronchiolealveolarductalveolarsacalveoliTracheaandbronchus1)Mucosapseudostratifiedciliatedlaminarproper2)Submucosamixedglands3)AdventitiacartilagesEpithelialcells

ciliatedcellmucuscell

(goblet)brushcellsynapsessensorysmallgranulecellenteroendocrinebasalcellregeneratingGCCiliaGlandCartilageSMBronchioleanditsbranchesBronchioleanditsbranchesEpitheli