英語新外研必修三講義MODULE1SECTIONⅢGRAMMAR-被動(dòng)語態(tài)和主謂一致

Section_ⅢGrammar—被動(dòng)語態(tài)和主謂全都語法圖解探究發(fā)覺①Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.②TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.③Thefishtastesdelicious.④Thiscoatwasheseasily.⑤MyfamilylivesinCardiff.⑥TheclasswereveryinterestedinMrZhang'steaching.⑦Neitherhenoryouwereallowedtogooutatnight.⑧Notonlyhebutalsoallhisfamilyarekeenonconcerts.⑨California,alongwithFloridaandHawaii,isamongthemostpopularUStouristdestinations.⑩Thestudentsalongwiththeirteacheraregoingthereonfoot.[我的發(fā)覺](1)①句采納了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成形式為：am/is/are＋done。(2)②句采納了一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成形式為：was/were＋done。(3)③④句中謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。(4)⑤⑥句中，family,class等集合名詞表示整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表示個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(5)⑦⑧句中，neither...nor...或notonly...butalso...連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與靠近它的主語保持全都。(6)⑨⑩句中，主語后帶有alongwith等短語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與原主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持全都。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的根本構(gòu)成(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are＋done。IamaskedtocopytheseEnglishwordsfortentimes.我被要求把這些英語單詞抄十遍。(2)一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：was/were＋done。Theuniversitywasfoundedin1901.這所高校始建于1901年。2．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法(1)不清晰誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Hiscarwasstolenwhenheparkedinthestreet.他把車停在街上時(shí)，車被偷了。(2)沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Nooneknowswhenthebridgewasbuilt.沒人知道這座橋是什么時(shí)候建的。(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。假如需要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，可用“by＋動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者(賓格)〞這一結(jié)構(gòu)。TheGreatWallisvisitedbymanypeopleeveryyear.每年有許多人參觀長城。[即時(shí)演練1]完成句子①Allthebrokendoorswere_repaired_yesterday.昨天全部損壞的門都被修好了。②Allthehouseworkis_done_by_my_motherinourfamily.我們家全部的家務(wù)活都由我媽媽做。③Thewoundedmanwas_sent_to_the_hospitalrightaway.那個(gè)受傷的男人被立即送往了醫(yī)院。④Thisbridgewas_builtinOctoberlastyear.這座橋是去年十月份建的。3．主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)表示主語屬性的動(dòng)詞read,write,sell,wash,wear,cook等，且由easily,well等詞修飾時(shí)。Theclothwasheswell.這塊布很好洗。(2)連系動(dòng)詞smell,sound,taste,feel,prove等，也常用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。Theclothfeelssoft.這塊布摸起來很松軟。(3)表示發(fā)生、爆發(fā)和傳播等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語如：happen,occur,spread,takeplace,breakout,runout等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。WhenWorldWarⅠbrokeout,heseemedtohavebeeanotherman,downhearted.第一次世界爆發(fā)時(shí)，他好像變成了另一個(gè)人，特別消沉。(4)need,want,require的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Hishairneedscutting.他的頭發(fā)需要理了。[即時(shí)演練2](1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thepencilwrites(write)well.②Thehouseneeds(need)repairing.③Hisjacketwantswashing/to_be_washed(wash)．(2)翻譯句子①這種食物嘗起來很美味。The_food_tastes_very_delicious.②昨天晚上發(fā)生了一場大火。A_huge_fire_broke_out_last_night.二、主謂全都主謂全都是指句子的謂語動(dòng)詞與其主語在數(shù)上必需保持全都。英語中的主謂全都主要遵循意義全都、語法全都和就近全都三個(gè)原那么。1．意義全都(1)由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞指同一個(gè)人或同一事物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：breadandbutter黃油面包，knifeandfork刀叉。Thesingeranddancerisingforavisit.那位唱歌家兼舞蹈家要來參觀。Thepoetandwriterisverypopularwithus.那位詩人兼作家很受我們的歡送。(2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，假如表示單數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：news,maths,politics,physics,works,means,theUnitedStates等。Thenewsisquiteshocking.這個(gè)消息令人特別震動(dòng)。Politicsisherfavouritesubject.政治是她最喜愛的學(xué)科。(3)“the＋形容詞/分詞〞表示一類人，如therich,theyoung,theliving等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.病人已被治愈，失蹤者也已被找到。(4)family,class,team,government,crowd,audience等集體名詞假如強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；假如強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。ThefamilyhassettledinCanada.這家人已定居加拿大。Hisfamilyareallimportantpersons.他的家人都是些重要人物。(5)表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、體積、價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Twodaysisn'tenoughformetofinishthework.Ineedathirdday.對我來說，完成這項(xiàng)工作兩天是不夠的，我還需要一天。(6)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of短語〞作主語時(shí)，依據(jù)of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Twothirdsofthetreeshavebeencutdown.三分之二的樹木被砍掉了。Twothirdsofthesouphasbeeneaten.三分之二的湯被喝掉了。(7)all,any,half,most,therest,part等與of短語連用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞依據(jù)of后所接名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。Therestofthestudentsareintheclassroom.其余的同學(xué)都在教室里。Therestofthewaterisforyou.剩下的水是給你的。[即時(shí)演練3]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Twentypoundswas/is(be)missingfromthewallet.②Eventhewiseare(be)notalwaysfreefrommistakes.③Therestoftheworkersare(be)stillverytired.④Warandpeaceis(be)aconstantthemeinhistory.⑤70%ofthecountryis(be)coveredwithforests.⑥Physicsis(be)adifficultsubjectformetolearn.2．語法全都(1)當(dāng)主語是由and,both...and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但由and連接的并列主語面前分別有every,each,no修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Bothyouandshehaveagoodchanceofgettingthejob.你和她都很有時(shí)機(jī)得到那份工作。Every/Eachboyandevery/eachgirlwasgivenadictionary.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都得到一本詞典。(2)主語后面接說明主語的修飾語，如with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與主語保持全都。Tobaccoalongwithalcoholistaxedinmostcountries.煙草和酒在多數(shù)國家都要征稅。Heaswellashisbrothersisingtovisityou.他和他的弟弟們將要來訪問你。(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Whetherhewilleisdoubtful.他是否會來還是個(gè)未知數(shù)。[名師點(diǎn)津]在what引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，假如表語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whatweneedaregoodteachers.我們需要的是好老師。(4)“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞〞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Morethanonestudenthasfinishedhiswork.不止一個(gè)同學(xué)完成了作業(yè)。(5)none作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；但代表不行數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)，因而謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Noneofusare/isperfect.人無完人。Noneofthisworriesme.這事兒一點(diǎn)也不使我焦急。(6)trousers,shoes,glasses等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但這些詞前面假設(shè)有apairof,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Theshoesareoutofdate.這些鞋子過時(shí)了。Thispairofshoesisveryshabby.這雙鞋子很破舊了。[即時(shí)演練4]完成句子①BothJohnandAnnaare_interested_in_English.約翰和安娜都對英語感愛好。②Tom,aswellastheotherstudentsinhisclass,likes_swimming.湯姆連同班里面的其他同學(xué)都喜愛游泳。③Readingis_a_good_waytoimproveyourEnglish.閱讀是提高你英語的一個(gè)好方法。④Nobodyis_in_the_classroom.教室里沒有人。⑤Manyastudentis_ing_out.許多同學(xué)正在走出來。3．就近全都(1)由or,either...or,neither...nor或notonly...butalso...連接的并列主語，通常依據(jù)就近全都原那么，即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依據(jù)靠近它的主語而定。Neitherhisparentsnorheisabankclerk.他父母和他都不是銀行職員。NotonlyJackbutalsohisparentsareingtoseeyou.不僅是杰克，他父母也要來看你。(2)here,there引導(dǎo)的句子，假設(shè)有并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞也與最近的主語全都。Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。Therearetwoappletreesandapeartreeintheyard.院子里有兩棵蘋果樹和一棵梨樹。[即時(shí)演練5]單句改錯(cuò)①Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwanttogoclimbing.want→wants②Thereareanappleandthreebananasinthebasket.are→is③Eitherthejudgeorthelawyerswaswrongonthecaseatthatmoment.was→were④EitheryouorIaregoingtotheteacher'sofficeafterclass.are→amⅠ.單句語法填空1．(2017·江蘇高考改編)ThepublicationofGreatExpectationswhichwas(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDicken'sstatusasaleadingnovelist.2．(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Trulyelegantchopsticksmightbe_made(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.3．(2016·四川高考)Thegiantpandais_loved(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.4．(2015·福建高考改編)Tomydelight,Iwas_chosen(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.5．Generally,students'innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersis(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.6．Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudentsare(be)aroundD|S8,450ayear,whichis(be)aburdenforsomeofthem.7．Weweregladtoknowthatalltheworkerswhowere_trapped(trap)intheminehadbeensaved.8．Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,was_invited(invite)toperformattheclosingceremony.9．Thespeakerwas_interrupted(interrupt)nowandthenduringhisspeech,whichmadehimabitunhappy.10．TheGroupofEight(G8)consists(consist)oftheeightrichestcountriesintheworld.Ⅱ.完成句子1．(2017·北京高考書面表達(dá))OfthetwotripstotheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,bothare_highly_remended.“長江之行〞和“泰山之旅〞這兩條線路都被竭力推舉。2．(2015·四川高考書面表達(dá))paringnoteswithyourclassmatesfrequentlyis_a_good_waytoimproveyourstudy.常常和你的同學(xué)交換筆記是一種提高學(xué)習(xí)的好方法。3．(2015·天津高考書面表達(dá))Ifthereis_anything_elseIcandoforyou,pleasecontactmeassoonaspossible.假如有其他我可以為你做的任何事情，請盡快聯(lián)系我。4．I'dalsoliketoknowhowmuchIhavetopayforthecourseandwhetheracmodationis_included.我還想知道這個(gè)課程我得交多少錢，是否住宿包括在內(nèi)。5．LiHua'sfamilyisn't_very_large.李華家不是一個(gè)大家庭。6.NotonlyJohnbutalsoIam_going_t