【課件】Unit+5+Discovering+Useful+Structures+課件-人教版（2019）必修第一冊

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—RestrictiveAttributiveClausesⅡUnit5LanguagesaroundtheWorldLookatthecharactersandtellwhattheyare.oracleboneinscriptionsChinesebronzeinscriptionsthelessersealcharacterStep1Lead-instandardscriptMatchthetwopartsaccordingtowhatwehavelearnt.Step2Learnaboutgrammar1.Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilization______.2.Thesewereanimalbonesandshells______.3.Thatwasatime_____.4.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry_____.5.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeans_____.A.wheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirectionB.onwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeopleC.whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChinesecultureD.whentheChinesepeopleweredividedgeographicallyE.bywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspastF.whichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimesFBDAE一、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．when引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法(1)當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的名詞(如time,day,year,month,week等)，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語時，定語從句用when引導(dǎo)。(2)when可以換成“介詞＋which”。Winteristhetimeofyearwhen(＝inwhich)thedayisshortwhilethenightislong.冬天是一年中晝短夜長的時候。Sheislookingforwardtothedaywhen(＝onwhich)herdaughterwinsagoldmedalattheOlympics.她盼望有一天她的女兒能在奧運(yùn)會上贏得金牌。語法精講[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，既可以用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可以用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，關(guān)鍵要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作何種成分。若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)；若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)。Doyoustillrememberthedays(that/which)wespenttogetheronthefarm？你還記得我們一起在農(nóng)場度過的那些日子嗎？(that或which作spent的賓語)Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight？你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作狀語)語法填空Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(2)Theexactyear__________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.(3)Iwillalwaysrememberthedays_______westayedtogether.(4)Iwillalwaysrememberthedays_______wevisitedthekeyuniversity.[即學(xué)即練]

whenthat/whichwhenwhen2．where引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法(1)當(dāng)先行詞是表示具體地點(diǎn)的名詞(如place,room,mountain,airport等)或表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞(如case,state,condition,point,situation等)，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語時，定語從句用where引導(dǎo)。這種情況常被稱為“地點(diǎn)模糊化”。Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我們已經(jīng)到了需要做出改變的地步。Hegetsintoasituationwhereitishardtotellwhatisrightorwrong.他陷入一種難以判斷對錯的境地。(2)where可以換成“介詞＋which”。Thisisthehotelwhere(＝inwhich)theystayed.這就是他們待過的那個旅館。[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時，如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.他的父親在一家制造收音機(jī)零件的工廠里工作。where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句(1)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，為關(guān)系副詞，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其前有一個表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。此時，where可以換成“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。where引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。Isthereashoparoundwhere(＝inwhich)wecanbuysomefruit?附近有沒有一個商店可以讓我們在里面買些水果？

(2)where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，為從屬連詞。where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句修飾主句中的謂語動詞，where前面沒有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。此時，where不能換成“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(諺)有志者，事竟成。Weshouldgowhereweareneeded.我們應(yīng)該到需要我們的地方去。[辨析比較]Theirchildisatthestage_____shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A．why B．where C．which D．what(2)Self--drivingisanarea____Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A．that B．where C．which D．when(3)語法填空①Byopeninganovel,Icanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworld_______Iamnowanewcharacter.②Located_______theBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.[即學(xué)即練]

wherewhereBB3．why引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法(1)當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語時，定語從句用why引導(dǎo)，且只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。(2)why可以用forwhich來代替。Thisisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)heleftinahurry.這就是他匆匆離去的原因。[名師點(diǎn)津]

若先行詞為reason，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是充當(dāng)主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。Thereasonthat/whichhetoldmeyesterdayisalie.昨天他告訴我的理由是個謊言。即學(xué)即練

語法填空(1)Thereareseveralreasons______schooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.(2)However,thereareanumberofotherreasons______mightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.whythat二、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．關(guān)系代詞的選擇“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時關(guān)系代詞用whom，不可用who/that；先行詞指物時關(guān)系代詞用which，不能用that。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtabook.這就是我給其買書的那個學(xué)生。ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.這就是我去上海所乘的船。Thefilminwhichheplayedtheleadingrolewasagreatsuccess.他主演的那部電影非常成功。2.介詞的選擇(1)根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定介詞。Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?這就是你花高價買的那輛車嗎？(pay...forsth.)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街上，沒有一個她可以求助的人。(turntosb.forhelp)(2)根據(jù)定語從句中的主要形容詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定介詞。Hebroughttheresultwithwhichthebosswassatisfied.他帶來了令老板滿意的結(jié)果。(besatisfiedwith)(3)根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定介詞。先行詞往往是表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等的詞。Canyoutellmethewayinwhichthemachineworks?你能告訴我這臺機(jī)器的工作原理嗎？(intheway)Ican’tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.我記不起他獲獎時的年齡了。(attheage)(4)根據(jù)句子的意思來確定介詞。有些句子中，定語從句中的謂語動詞/主要形容詞與介詞也不能構(gòu)成固定搭配，這時，需要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思來選擇介詞。Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.這就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飛行員。Thiskindofcolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.這種無色氣體被稱作氧氣，沒有它我們就不能生存。3．介詞可以后移，此時關(guān)系代詞可以省略(省略時，介詞必須后移)。Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.這是你要的那本書。Thisisthebook(which/that)youaskedfor.這是你要的那本書。[名師點(diǎn)津]

有些固定的動詞短語一般不能拆開，介詞一般只能放在動詞的后面例如：lookfor,carryout,runinto,workout,comeupwith等。4.在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞也可換成介詞短語，如bymeansof,becauseof,atthefootof,atthebackof,infrontof,onthetopof等。若介詞短語表示位置，則定語從句往往用倒裝語序。Soundisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.聲音是人們互相交流的工具。Theystayedinabighotelinfrontofwhichwasagarden.他們住在一家大旅館里，旅館前面是一個花園。Iamtalkingtoateacherintheclassroomatthebackofwhichstandsabookshelfwithallkindsofbooks.我正和一位老師在教室里談話，教室的后面放著一個書架，書架上有各種類型的書。[即學(xué)即練](1)單句改錯Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish._________________________________(2)語法填空Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowupininfluencethebasicprocessesby_______weseetheworldaroundus.把which改為where或在which前加上inwhichⅠ.語法填空1．Livingabroadmayoftenmakeusfeellonelyashomeistheplace______ourheartshouldbe.2．Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime_______heshouldbeabletobeindependent.3．Heisateacherofrichexperiencefrom________muchcanbelearned.4．Billsetupaclubforfootballfans____whichheinvitedallhisfriends.5．Thereason______shelikescitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasyaccess(通路)toplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.wherewhenwhomtowhy練習(xí)6．Idon’thaveenoughmoney_____whichIcanbuysuchanexpensivedress.7．Thechair____whichyouspent500yuanismadeofstone.8．Hewrotealetter______________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.9．Inourcitythereareseveralbigpublicparks____whichmanypeoplecangotoenjoythebeautifulscenery.10．Isthisthereason_____hegaveatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?withonwhere/inwhichtothatⅡ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthe