高二英語(yǔ)必修五第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解(重要)

必修5Unit1GreatscientistsPart1.Warmingupexplain及物動(dòng)詞（vt.）解釋;說(shuō)明;闡明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]Heexplainedthathehadbeencheated.他解釋說(shuō)他是上當(dāng)受騙了。Canyouexplainhowthemachineoperates?你能解釋一下這機(jī)器是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的嗎?Pleaseexplainthisruletome.請(qǐng)給我講解一下這條規(guī)則。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）解釋;說(shuō)明;辯解I'vegottoexplainaboutit.我得解釋一下此事。characteristicn.特征；特性Kindnessisoneofhischaracteristics.adj.獨(dú)特的Iheardmyfriend’scharacteristiclaugh.becharacteristicofsb./sth.是的特性Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.如此遲鈍是他的特性。3.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?putforward提出（建議等）；提名;提前，把時(shí)鐘往前撥Heputforwardanewplan.他提出一個(gè)新計(jì)劃。MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?我能否提名你當(dāng)委員會(huì)主席？[歸納拓展]putdown記下；鎮(zhèn)壓 putout關(guān)掉；熄滅putaside放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存；保留 putoff推遲；延期putup建造；舉起；張貼 puton穿上putaway收好選詞填空（putoff,putup,putforward,putaside,putout）①Theplanthatyou_____atthemeetingiswonderful.②Manytallbuildingswere_____alongtheroad.③Firefightershavebeencalledto_____thefireinthecitycenter.④Hehasalittlemoneyto_____forarainyday.⑤Don’t_____untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending1.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearchhowtoproveanewidea為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。Wehaven’tdecidedwheretogo.我們還沒(méi)有決定去哪里。Thequestioniswhentoleave.問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身。2.drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論conclusion作名詞，意為“結(jié)束，結(jié)論”cometo/reach/arriveataconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion最后IwillinconclusionsayafewwordsaboutmyvisittoTokyo.最后，我對(duì)我的東京之行說(shuō)幾句。2）conclude作動(dòng)詞，“結(jié)束；斷定；決定”。toconclude（作插入語(yǔ)）最后,作為總結(jié)(=tosumup)Toconclude,Ithinksmokingdoesmoreharmthangoodtous.3）JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，以至于成了照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。3.expert① n. 專家，能手anexpertinpsychology（心理學(xué)）anagriculturalexpert②adj. 熟練的，有專門技術(shù)的anexpertjob需專門知識(shí)的工作Heisexpertin/atcooking.attendvt.&vi參加，注意，照料①bepresentat參加attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顧，看護(hù)Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.③attendto處理，注意傾聽(tīng) Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.4.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通人時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。(1)exposedtocholera在句中是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)。意為“患霍亂的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.魯迅寫的書(shū)是很受歡迎的。ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.昨天我們看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人是史密斯教授。(2)expose①暴露exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.他把皮膚暴露在陽(yáng)光下。②揭露Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他們的陰謀。Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.對(duì)貪官污吏的罪行一定要毫無(wú)保留地予以揭發(fā)。exposedadj.暴露的，暴露于風(fēng)雨中的，無(wú)掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露，顯露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿騙局練習(xí)：Thedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded5.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.對(duì)于它的起因和治療方法人們都不清楚。neither...nor...既不……也不，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分。①Ineitherknewnorcaredwhathadhappenedtohim.我既不知道也不關(guān)心他出了什么事。②NeitherFrancenorBritainwillattendthemeetingnextweek.法國(guó)和英國(guó)都將不會(huì)參加下星期的會(huì)議。③NeitherJimnorhisparentshaveseenthefilm.＝NeitherhisparentsnorJimhasseenthefilm.吉姆和她的父母都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影。cure vt.治療,治愈,改正n.治療,治愈,治療法Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.⑤put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人13.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在倫敦的另一地區(qū)，他從另外兩例與布洛德街疾病爆發(fā)有關(guān)的死亡病例中得到了有力的證據(jù)。linkvt.連接；聯(lián)系n.環(huán)；連接；聯(lián)系；紐帶14.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.一個(gè)婦女，從布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜歡水泵的水，她讓人每天從水泵給她家送水。15.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.利用這個(gè)額外證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就可以很有把握地宣布污染水?dāng)y帶病菌。announcevt.(1)宣布，宣告(決定、計(jì)劃等)announcesth.(tosb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat...宣布……；通知……Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布…Pleaseannouncetoyourclassthattherewillbenoschooltomorrow.請(qǐng)通知你們班明天不上學(xué)。IthasbeenofficiallyannouncedthathewillpayasecondvisittoChinasoon.據(jù)官方消息稱，他不久將再次來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)。(2)(事情)顯示……；預(yù)告Thebrightflowersannouncedthatspringwashere.鮮艷的花朵顯示春天已經(jīng)來(lái)到。[拓展延伸]announcementn．宣布；口頭通知announcern.播音員makeanannouncement下通知16.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議，所有水源都要經(jīng)過(guò)檢測(cè)。prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.或keep...fromdoingsth.意為“阻止……做某事”①Whatcanwedotopreventthediseasespreading.我們能做什么來(lái)防止這種疾病蔓延呢？②Weshouldtakemeasurestopreventtheriverfrombeingpollutedfurther.我們應(yīng)該采取措施阻止這條河受到進(jìn)一步的污染。examinev.檢查；細(xì)查；診察;審問(wèn)；盤問(wèn)Thedoctorexaminedtheboyandfoundtherewasnothingthematterwithhim.Thelawyerexaminedthewitness.examinationn.考試；檢查；細(xì)查takeanexamination參加考試medicalexamination體檢underexamination在檢查中；在審查中17.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.“霍亂王”終于被擊敗了。[辨析]win,beat與defeatwin“贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；beat“戰(zhàn)勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對(duì)手，可與defeat互換Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.Part3.LearningaboutLanguagetakein收留；包括take相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：takeafter相似takeapart把(小型機(jī)器、鐘表等)拆開(kāi);拆散

takeaway拿走takeback承認(rèn)說(shuō)錯(cuò)了(話),收回(諾言,話語(yǔ))；使回憶起；送回,還回去;退(貨)

takeoff脫下,脫去(尤指衣服);解(拿)掉--puton(反義詞)；(飛機(jī)等)升空,起飛takeon雇用；開(kāi)始具有/呈現(xiàn)(某種品質(zhì)、面貌等);露出；接受(工作等);承擔(dān)(責(zé)任等)

takeout帶(某人)去(某處參加社交活動(dòng)等)；正式取得,領(lǐng)得,獲得；洗去(污跡),使褪色

takeover接手,接任;接管

takeup開(kāi)始花時(shí)間從事(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng));對(duì)……產(chǎn)生興趣;開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)(某課程),選修；(事物或事件)占用了(時(shí)間或空間)；接受……的建議；繼續(xù)

take…forgranted想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為(會(huì)是某種情況),認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的;認(rèn)