高級英語第三版第一冊課后答案1-3-4-6-7-9-10

高英課內(nèi)考點：第一課：Paraphrasewe’reelevated23feet.Ourhouseis23feetabovesealevel.Theplacehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehaseverbotheredit.Thehousewasbuiltin1915,andsincethennohurricanehasdoneanydamagetoit.Wecanbattendownandrideitout.Wecanmakethenecessarypreparationandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.Thegeneratorwasdoused,andthelightswentout.Watergotintothegenerator,itstoppedworking.Asaresultalllightswereputout.Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars!Everyonegooutthroughthebackdoorandgetintothecars!6、Theelectricalsystemshadbeenkilledbywater.Theelectricalsystemsinthecarshadbeendestroyedbywater.Johnwatchedthewaterlapatthesteps,andfeltacrushingguilt.AsJohnwatchedthewaterinchitswayupthesteps,hefeltastrongsenseofguiltbecauseheblamedhimselfforendangeringthefamilybymakingthewrongdecisionnottofleeinland.Getusthroughthismess,willYou?Oh,God,pleasehelpustogetthroughthisdangeroussituation.Shecarriedonaloneforafewbars;thenhervoicetrailedaway.Shesangafewwordsaloneandthenhervoicegraduallygrewdimmerandstopped.Janishadjustonedelayedreaction.Janisdidn’tshowanyfearonthespotduringthestorm,butsherevealedherfeelingscausedbythestormafewnightsafterthehurricanebygettingupinthemiddleofthenightandcryingsoftly.英譯漢：But,likethousandsofothersinthecoastalcommunities,Johnwasreluctanttoabandonhishomeunlessthefamily----hiswife,Janis,andtheirsevenchildren,aged3to11---wasclearlyendangered.但是，和住在沿岸的其他成千上萬的居民一樣，約翰不愿舍棄家園，除非他的親人-----妻子珍妮絲和他們的七個孩子，大的十一歲，小的才三歲----明顯處于危險之中。TheFrenchdoorsinanupstairsroomblewinwithanexplosivesound,andthegroupheardgun-likereportsasotherupstairswindowsdisintegrated.隨著一聲巨響，樓上的一個房間里的法式雙開門砰的一聲被風(fēng)吹倒了。大家聽到樓上其他玻璃窗破碎時發(fā)出的像開槍一樣的啪啪的響聲。Frightened,breathlessandwet,thegroupsettledonthestairs,whichwereprotectedbytwointeriorwalls.大家都嚇壞了，喘不過氣來了，全身都濕透了。他們坐在樓梯上，樓梯的兩側(cè)有內(nèi)墻保護(hù)。Everyoneknewtherewasnoescape;theywouldliveordieinthehouse.誰都清楚已經(jīng)無路可逃，是死是活他們只能留在房子里了。Amomentlater,thehurricane,inonemightyswipe,liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.過了一會兒，一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)把整個屋頂掀到了空中，將其拋到了40英尺之外。Initsconcentratedbreadthofsome70milesitshotoutwindsofnearly200mphandraisedtidesashighas30feet.在颶風(fēng)中心約70英里寬的范圍內(nèi)，風(fēng)速接近每小時200英里，掀起的海浪高達(dá)30英尺。Stripsofclothingfestoonedthestandingtrees,andblown-downpowerlinescoiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads.未被颶風(fēng)刮倒的樹上像結(jié)彩似的掛滿被風(fēng)撕成布條的衣服，吹斷的的電線像黑色的意大利面條一樣一圈一圈地散落在路面上。Itcouldhavebeendepressing,butitwasn’t:eachsalvageditemrepresentedalittlevictoryoverthewrathofthestorm.在廢墟里尋找殘留物品本應(yīng)會令人沮喪，可事實上并非如此，因為每一件未被毀的東西都代表他們戰(zhàn)勝狂風(fēng)的一個小小的勝利。第三課：ParaphraseThewordsspatforthwithsuddensavagery,allpretenseofblandnessgone.Ogilviesaidthesewordswithgreatcontemptandsuddenrudenessasifhewasspitting.Hethrewawayhispretendedpoliteness.Whentheyfindwhodonethatlastnight,whokilledthatkidanditsmother,thenhigh--tailedit,they’llthrowthebook,andnevermindwhoinhits,orwhethertheygotfancytitlesneither.Whenthefindwhokilledthemotherandthekidandthenranaway,they’lldealoutthemaximumpunishment,andtheywillnotcarewhowillbepunishedinthiscaseorwhattheirsocialpositionis.TheDuchessofCroydon----threeandahalfofinbredarrogancebehindher---didnotyieldeasily.TheDuchesswassupportedbyherarrogancecomingfromhernoblefamilywhohadbelongedtothenobilityformotethanthreehundredyears.Soshedidnotgiveineasily.Eventheself--assuranceofOgilvieflickedforaninstant.TheDuchesswasagoodactressandsheappearedsofirmabouttheirinnocencethat,forabriefmoment,Ogilviefeltunsureifhisassumptionaboutthemwasright.Butthemomentwasveryshortandpassedquickly.Thehousedetectivetookhistime,leisurelypuffingacloudofbluecigarsmoke,hiseyessardonicallyontheDuchessasifchallengingherobjection.Thehousedetectivewasinnohurry.Heenjoyedhiscigarandpuffedacloudofbluecigarsmokeinarelaxedmanner.Atthesametime,hiseyeswerefixeddisdainfullyontheDuchessasifhewasopenlydaringhertoobjecttohissmokingacigar,ashehaddoneearlier.Thereain’tmuch,outoftheway,whichpeoplewhostayinthishoteldo,Idon’tgettohearabout.Ifanybodywhostaysinthishoteldoesanythingwrong,improperorunusual,Ialwaysgettoknowaboutit.Thereisn’tmuchthatcanescapeme.TheDuchessofCroydonkeptfirm,tightreinonherracingmind.TheDuchesskeptfirmandtightcontrolofhermindwhichisworkingquickly.TheDuchessisthinkingquickly,butatthesametimekeepingherthoughtsundercontrol.Andwhentheystoppedforpetrol,astheywouldhaveto,theirspeechandmannerwouldbetraythem,makingthemconspicuous.Furthermore,whentheystoppedforpetrol,asitwouldbenecessary,theirspeechandmanner真理是永恒的、不朽的，不需要任何凡人機(jī)構(gòu)的支持。ButalthoughMalonehadwontheoratoricalduelwithBryan,thejudgeruledagainstpermittingthescientiststotestifyforthedefense.盡管在與布萊恩的口頭決斗中馬隆取勝，法官仍然裁定不允許科學(xué)家為被告作證?！盜amexaminingyouonyourfoolideasthatnointelligentChristianonearthbelieves.”我是在盤問你那些愚蠢的看法，世上沒有一個有智力的基督徒會相信這種看法。9、DudleyFieldMalonecalledmyconvictiona“victoriousdefeat.”達(dá)德利*費爾德*馬隆把對我的判決稱作是“雖敗猶榮”。TheoratoricalstormthatClarenceDarrowandDudleyFieldMaloneblewyointhelittlecourtinDaytonsweptlikeafreshwindthroughtheschoolsandlegislativeofficesoftheUnitedStates,bringinginitswakeanewclimateofintellectualandacademicfreedomthathasgrownwiththepassingyears.克拉倫斯*達(dá)羅和達(dá)德利*費爾德*馬隆在代頓城小小的法庭上掀起的辯論風(fēng)暴猶如一股清風(fēng)吹遍了美國的學(xué)校和立法機(jī)關(guān)，隨之而來的是思想自由和學(xué)術(shù)自由的新氣氛。這種氣氛與年劇增。第六課：ParaphraseMostAmericanrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn’sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer’sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.MarkTwainisknowntomostAmericanastheauthorofTheadventureofTomSawyerandTheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn.HuckFinnisnotedforhissimpleandpleasantjourneythroughhisboyhoodwhichseemseternalandTomSawyerisfamousforhisfreeroamofthecountryandhistheonlyageandtimeweknewthem.Theyarefrozeninthatageforallreaders.Thecastofcharacterssetbeforehiminhisnewprofessionwasrichandvaried--acosmos.Hisworkontheboatmadeitpossibleforhimtomeetalargevarietyofpeople.Itisaworldoftypesofcharacters.Allwouldresurfaceinhisbooks,togetherwiththecolorfullanguagethathesoakedupwithamemorythatseemedphonographic.Allwouldreappearinhisbooks.writteninthecolorfullanguagethatheseemedtobeabletorememberandrecordasaccuratelyasaphonograph.Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywiththemaincurrentofpioneeringhumanity,butitsflotsamofhustlers,gamblers,andthugsaswell.Steamboatdeckswerefilledwithpeoplewhoexploredandpreparedthewayforothersandalsolawlesspeopleorsocialoutcastssuchashustlers,gamblesandthugs.HewentwestbystagecoachandsuccumbedtotheepidemicofgoldandsilverfeverinNevada’sWashoeregion.Hetookahorse--drawnpublicvehicleandwentwesttoNevada,followingtheflowofpeopleintheGoldRush....MarkTwainbegandigginghiswaytoregionalfameasanewspaperreporterandhumorist.MarkTwainbegantoworkhardasanewspaperreporterandhumoristtobecomewellknownlocally.“Itwasasplendidpopulation---foralltheslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome...”Thosewhocamepioneeringoutwestwereenergetic,courageousandrecklesspeople,becausethosewhostayedathomeweretheslow,dullandlazypeople.“Well,thatisCaliforniaallover.”That’stypicalofCalifornia.“Whatarobustpeople,whatanationofthinkerswemightbe,ifwewouldonlylayourselvesontheshelfoccasionallyandrenewouredges.”Ifwerelaxed,restedorstayedawayfromallthiscrazystruggleforsuccessoccasionallyandkeptthedaringandenterprisingspirit,wewouldbeabletoremainstrongandhealthyandcontinuetoproducegreatthinkers.Thelastofhisownillusionsseemedtohavecrumbledneartheend.Attheendofhislife,helostthelastbitofhispositiveviewofmanandtheworld.英譯漢：...themanwhobecameMarkTwainwasbornSamuelLanghorneClemens,andherangedacrossthenationformorethanathirdofhislife,digestingthenewAmericanexperiencebeforesharingitwiththeWorldaswriterandlecturer.馬克*吐溫出生時的名字是塞繆爾*蘭霍恩*克萊門斯，后來才改叫馬克*吐溫。他一生中有三分之一的時間是在全國游歷，體驗新的美國歷程，然后以作家和演說家的身份，與世界分享這種歷程。Allwouldresurfaceinhisbooks,togetherwiththecolorfullanguagethathesoakedupwithamemorythatseemedphonographic.所有這一切都會以一種多彩的語言形式在他的書中再現(xiàn)，這種語言與他那留聲機(jī)般的記憶相融合。Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywiththemaincurrentofpioneeringhumanity,butitsflotsamofhustlers,gamblers,andthugsaswell.輪船的甲板上不僅聚集了富有開創(chuàng)精神的人群，也擠滿了騙子、妓女、賭徒、惡棍這樣的殘渣。FromthemallMarkTwaingainedakeenperceptionofthehumanrace,ofthedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.從他們身上，馬克*吐溫對人類有了更為敏銳的認(rèn)識，看到了人們言與行之間的差距。HisdescriptionsoftheroughcountrysettlersthereringfamiliarlyinmodernworldaccustomedtotrendsettingontheWestCoast.對一個習(xí)慣于由西海岸引領(lǐng)流行趨勢的現(xiàn)代世界來說，他對那些落腳于尚未開發(fā)的荒涼之地的人們的描述聽上去一點也不生疏。Casuallyhedebunkedreveredartistsandarttreasures,andtookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand.他不經(jīng)意地揭穿了那些受人尊敬的藝術(shù)家和藝術(shù)珍寶，還尖銳地將圣地批評了一番?！癟hewiddereatsbyabell;shegoestobedbyabell;shegitsupbyabell---everything’ssoawfulregularabodycan’tstandit.”這個寡婦按點吃飯；按點睡覺；按點起床---一切都那么井井有條、循規(guī)蹈矩，讓人受不了。HisraftflightdowntheMississippiwitharunawayslavepresentsamovingpanoramafortheexplorationofAmericansociety.他與一個脫逃的黑奴隸乘一條木筏順密西西比河而下的經(jīng)歷就是一幅美國社會的動態(tài)全景?！?..theyvanishfromaworldwheretheywereofnoconsequence;wheretheyachievednothing;wheretheywereamistakeandafailureandafoolishness;wheretheyhaveleftnosignthattheyhadexisted---aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever.”...他們從世上消失了，在那個世上，他們無足輕重，一事無成；在那個世上，他們本身的存在就是個錯誤，就是個失敗，就是一樁蠢事；在那個世上，他們沒有留下任何表明他們曾經(jīng)存在過的痕跡。那個世界將為他們哀悼一日，然后永遠(yuǎn)地將他們忘卻。第七課：ParaphraseShethinkshersisterhasheldlifealwaysinthepalmofonehand,that“no”isawordtheworldneverlearnedtosaytoher.Shethinksthathersisterhasafirmcontrolofherlifeandthatshecanalwayshaveanythingshewants.Myfatkeepsmehotinzeroweather.BecauseIamfat,Ifeelhoteveninfreezingweather.JohnnyCarsonhasmuchtodotokeepupwithmyquickandwittytongue.JohnnyCarsonhasawittyandglibtongue.ButIoutdohimandsohehastotryhardifhewantstocatchupwithme.ItseemstomeIhavetalkedtothemalwayswithonefootraisedinflight,withmyheadturnedinwhicheverwayisfarthestfromthem.I’malreadytoleaveasquicklyaspossiblebecauseofdiscomfort,nervousness,timidityetc,andturnmyheadawayfromtheminordertoavoidthemasmuchaspossibleforthesamereason.Shewouldalwayslookanyoneintheeye.Shewouldalwayslookatsomebodydirectlyandsteadily,notfeelingembarrassedorashamed.Shewashedusinariveofmake-believe,burneduswithalotofknowledgewedidn’tnecessarilyneedtoknow.Sheimposedonuslotsoffalsityandso-calledknowledgethatwastotallyuselessandirrelevanttous.Likegoodlooksandmoney,quicknesspassedherby.Shewashomelyandpoor.Besidesshewasnotsmart.MeanwhileAsalamlakimisgoingthroughmotionswithMaggie’shand.MeanwhileDee’sboyfriendistryingtoshakehandswithMaggieinafancyandelaborateway.Though,infact,IprobablycouldhavecarrieditbackbeyondtheCivilWarthroughthebranches.Infact,IcouldhavetraceditbackbeforetheCivilWarthoughthefamilybranches.Hejuststoodtheregrinning,lookingdownonmelikesomebodyinspectingaModelAcar.Hejuststoodtherewithagrinonhisfaceandlookedatmeasifinspectingsomethingoldandour-of-date.EveryonceinawhileheandWangerosenteyesignalsovermyhead.NowandthenheandDeecommunicatedthrougheyecontactinasecretiveway.“IcanrememberGrandmaDeewithoutthequilts.”Idon’tneedthequiltstoremindmeofGrandmaDee.Shelivesinmymemory.英譯漢：IwillwaitforherintheyardthatMaggieandImadesocleanandwavyyesterdayafternoon.我在院子里等她來。昨天下午我和瑪吉把院子掃得干干凈凈，笤帚掃過的地方還留有波浪紋。Whenthehardclayissweptcleanasafloorandthefinesandaroundtheedgeslinedwithtiny,irregulargrooves,anyonecancomeandsitandlookupintotheelmandwaitforthebreezesthatnevercomeinsidethehouse.當(dāng)硬土地面掃得和屋子的地面一樣干凈時，當(dāng)院子邊緣的細(xì)沙被小小的、不規(guī)則的溝槽勾勒出線條時，任何人都可以進(jìn)到院子里坐坐，看著院子的榆樹，等待微風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)吹來，而微風(fēng)永遠(yuǎn)都吹不進(jìn)房間里。Shehasbeenlikethis,chinonchest,eyesonground,feetinshuffle,eversincethefirethatburnedtheotherhousetotheground.自從大火把我們的老房子燒為灰燼后，她就是這樣：低著頭，眼睛看著地，走路拖著腳。SometimesIcanstillheartheflamesandfeelMaggie’sarmsstickingtome,herhairsmokingandherdressfallingoffherinlittleblackpaperyflakes.有時我還能聽到火焰燃燒，感到瑪吉的手臂緊緊拉著我，她的頭發(fā)冒著煙，她的衣裙像黑色的博紙片一樣從身上飄落下來。Therearenorealwindows,justsomeholescutinthesides,liketheportholesinaship,butnotroundandnotsquare,withrawhideholdingtheshuttersupontheoutside.那算不上是真正的窗戶，僅僅是在屋子的側(cè)墻上挖的洞而已，好像船上的舷窗，但既不圓也不方，外面用生牛皮固定住窗板。Shenevertakesashotwithoutmakingsurethehouseisincluded.每拍一張照片，她必定把房子照進(jìn)去。Youdidn’tevenhavetolookclosetoseewherehandspushingthedasherupanddowntomakebutterhadleftakindofsinkinthewood.你不必細(xì)看，就能看到雙手在上下推動奶油攪拌器時在木頭上留下的印痕。Andoneteenyfadedbluepiece,aboutthesizeofapennymatchbox,thatwasfromGreatGrandpaEzra’suniformthatworeintheCivilWar.被子上有一塊小小的褪了色的藍(lán)布，只有火柴盒大小，那是從曾祖父埃茲拉在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時期穿的軍服上裁下來的。第九課：paraphraseThedocumenttheyproducedwaseventuallysignedbutultimatelyunfinished.Afterheateddebateandcompromises,theConstitutionwasfinallyadoptedbytheConstitutionalConventionand39outof55delegatessignedthedocument.Butthe“three-fifth”clauseandthetwentyyearsallowedfortheslavetradeshowedtheslaveissuewasnotsolved,sotheprocessofformingamoreperfectuniondidnotendwiththeenforcementoftheConstitution.Butitalsocomesfrommyownstory.Mypersonalbackgroundandmysuccessstory,risingfromragstoriches,alsoteachesmetheimportanceofunityButitisastorythathassearedintomygeneticmakeuptheideathatthisnationismorethanthesumofitsparts---thatoutofmany,wearetrulyone.Iamdeeplyingrained,throughmyexperienceintheUnitedStates,withtheideathatAmericaisnotatotalofaddingeverythingtogetherbutistheproductoffusion,ofsharingthesamecreed.Throughoutthefirstyearofthiscampaign,againstallpredictionstothecontrary,wesawhowhungrytheAmericanpeoplewereforthismessageofunity.InspiteofallannouncementsthatAmericawasnotreadyforablackpresident,thatIwouldfallinthecampaign,wegainedmomentuminthefirstyearofthecampaign,whichshowedthattheAmericanpeopledemandedunityandchange.Despitethetemptationtoviewmycandidacythroughapurelyraciallens,wewoncommandingvictoriesinstateswithsomeofthewhitestpopulationsinthecountry.Peoplewereencouragedtojudgemefromtheperspectiveofablackcandidate,raisingthequestionofwhethertheUnitedStateswouldfarebetterwithablackpresident.However,wewongreatvictorieseveninsomeofthemoreconservativestates,stateswithstrongerracialbias.WesawracialtensionsbubbletothesurfaceduringtheweekbeforetheSouthCarolinaprimary.TheweekbeforetheDemocratsweretoselecttheirdelegatestothenationalconventioninSouthCarolina,attacksonme,onblacksbecamemorefrequent,moreintense.Ononeendofthespectrum,we’veheardtheimplicationthatmycandidacyissomehowanexerciseinaffirmativeaction;thatit’sbasedsolelyonthedesireofwide-eyedliberalstopurchaseracialreconciliationonthecheap.Atoneendoftheentirerangeofopinion,therearepeoplewhosaythatIdecidedtorunbecauseIwantedtoshowblackandwhiteshouldhaveequalopportunityandIwantedtoplayonthedesiresofnaiveliberalstoachieveracialharmonywithoutmakinggreateffort.IcannomoredisownhimthanIcandisowntheblackcommunity.Itisimpossibleformetocasthimoffjustasitisimpossibleformetorepudiatetheblackcommunity.英譯漢：Twohundredandtwenty-oneyearsago,inahallthatstillstandsacrossthestreet,agroupofmengatheredand,withthesesimplewords,launchedAmerica’simprobableexperimentindemocracy.二百二十一年前，就在街對面的大廳里，一群人聚集在一起，用這樣簡樸的語言，開始了美國的民主實踐，這在當(dāng)時被認(rèn)為是難以成功的。Itwasstainedbythisnation’soriginalsinofslavery,aquestionthatdividedthecoloniesandbroughttheconventiontoastalemateuntilthefounderschosetoallowtheslavetradetocontinueforatleasttwentymoreyears,andtoleaveanyfinalresolutiontofuturegenerations.它被原罪的奴隸玷污了，這個問題使各州對立，并一度使憲會議陷入僵局。后來開國者們允許奴隸買賣延續(xù)了至少二十年，而把問題的最終解決留給了后代。It’sastorythathasn’tmademethemostconventionalofcandidates.Butitisastorythathassearedintomygeneticmakeuptheideathatthisnationismorethanthesumofitsparts---thatoutofmany,wearetrulyone.我的故事沒有把我變成一個十分守舊的候選人。但這種經(jīng)歷卻把這樣一種觀念深深地烙在我的身上，美國不是一個由各種成分簡單疊加構(gòu)成的集合體---而是由多種成分融合成的一個整體。Instead,theyexpressedaprofoundlydistortedviewofthiscountry---aviewthatseeswhiteracismasendemic,andthatelevateswhatiswrongwithAmericaaboveallthatweknowisrightwithAmerica;aviewthatseestheconflictsintheMiddleEastasrootedprimarilyintheactionsofstalwartallieslikeIsrael,insteadofemanatingfromtheperverseandhatefulideologiesofradicalIslam.相反地，這些言論反映了一種嚴(yán)重扭曲的這個國家的觀點。這種觀點認(rèn)為白人種族主義是美國特有的一種流行病，并使美國出現(xiàn)的問題凌駕于其他美好的東西之上。這種觀點認(rèn)為中東沖突的根源在于我們的忠實盟友以色列的做法，而不是源于伊斯蘭激進(jìn)分子扭曲和充滿仇恨的意識形態(tài)。Thosestories---ofsurvival,andfreedom,andhope---becameourstory,mystory;thebloodthathadspilledwasourblood,thetearsourtears;untilthisblackchurch,onthisbrightday,seemedoncemoreavesselcarryingthestoryofapeopleintofuturegenerationsandintoalargerworld.這些故事---關(guān)于生存、自由、希望的故事---成為我們的故事和我的故事。曾經(jīng)流過的血是我們的血，曾經(jīng)流過的眼淚是我們的眼淚。直到今天這個陽光明媚的日子，這個黑人的教會又一次承載著這個民族的故事，傳承給后代，傳達(dá)給世界上更多的人。Thechurchcontainsinfullthekindnessandcruelty,thefierceintelligenceandtheshockingignorance,thestrugglesandsuccesses,theloveandyes,thebitternessandbiasesthatmakeuptheblackexperienceinAmerica.仁慈與殘酷，極端睿智和驚人愚昧，斗爭和成就，愛與認(rèn)同，怨恨與偏見，這些因素統(tǒng)統(tǒng)包含在教會中，構(gòu)成黑人在美國的經(jīng)歷。NotonceinmyconversationswithhimhaveIheardhimtalkaboutanyethnicgroupinderogatoryterms,ortreatwhiteswithwhomheinteractedwithanythingbutcourtesyandrespect.在與他的談話中我從沒聽過他用貶損的語言談到另一個族裔，而他在與白人打交道時也總是表現(xiàn)得十分禮貌和尊重。WewouldbemakingthesamemistakethatReverendWrightmadeinhisoffendingsermonsaboutAmerica---tosimplifyandstereotypeandamplifythenegativetothepointthatitdistortsreality.賴特牧師布道時對美國攻擊的言論犯了一個錯誤---簡單化，妖魔化，并把負(fù)面的東西無限夸大，導(dǎo)致對現(xiàn)實的歪曲，而這種錯誤我們也會犯。第十課：paraphraseUnderstandingthisrealityrequiresareminderofhowwearrivedatthispoint.Inordertounderstandthecomplexitiesofraceweneedtoknowthehistoryanddevelopmentofracialrelations,thesufferingsandinjusticestheblacksweresubjectedto.“Thepastisn’tdeadandburied.Infact,itisn’tevenpast.”Theinfluenceofwhathappenedinprevioustimeshasnotdisappeared.Suchinfluencecanstillbeseen.ButforallthosewhoscratchedandclawedtheirwaytogetapieceoftheAmericanDream,thereweremanywhodidn’tmakeit---thosewhowereultimatelydefeated,inonewayoranother,bydiscrimination.Outofthosewhoworkedorstruggleveryhardtoclimbthesocialladder,manydidnotsucceed.Theyweredefeatedinlife’sstruggle,asaresultofracialdiscrimination.Butitdoesfindvoiceinthebarbershoporthebeautyshoporaroundthekitchentable.Viewscoloredbyracemaycomeupatinformalconversationatthebarbershopwheremenmeet,oroverdinneramongfamilymembers.AndoccasionallyitfindsvoiceinthechurchonSundaymorning,inthepulpitandinthepews.Andonceinawhilesuchsentimentsareexpressedinsermonsandamongchurchcongregations.Theyareanxiousabouttheirfutures,andfeeltheirdreamsslippingaway;andinaneraofstagnantwagesandglobalcompetition,opportunitycomestobeseenasazerosumgame,inwhichyourdreamscomeatmyexpense.Asaresult,whiteAmericansareverymuchworriedabouttheirfuture,feelingthattheirAmericandreamiscomingtoanend,feelinghopelessandhopeless.Sotheyhaveahostileattitudetowardthosewhomtheyconsidertheircompetitors.Talkshowhostsandconservativecommentatorsbuiltentirecareersunmaskingbogusclaimsofracismwhiledismissinglegitimatediscussionsofracialinjusticeandinequalityasmerepoliticalcorrectnessorreverseracism.Talkshowhostsandconservativecommentatorsbecamefamousthroughexposingso-calledunrealincidentsofracismandlabeledreasonablediscussionofunfairtreatmentofminoritiesascateringtoexcessivesensibilitytominoritycausesorasracismagainstthewhites.It’saracialstalematewe’vebeenstuckinforyears.Theangeroftheblacksandtheresentmentofthewhitesarenotgroundless.Bothgroupshavelegitimateconcerns.Yettheirangerisdirectedtowardthewrongtargets,thushamperingthesolutionoftheissueswhichcausetheanger.Neithersidehascometoseetheproblem.Soaracialdeadlockexists.FortheAfrican-Americancommunity,thatpathmeansembracingtheburdensofourpastwithoutbecomingvictimsofourpast.Theblackcommunityshouldfaceandhandlebravelythelegacyofracialinjusticeofthepastwhileatthesametimeshouldnotfeeltheyarebeingwrongallthetime.Inthewhitecommunity,thepathtoamoreperfectunionmeansacknowledgingthatwhatailstheAfrican-Americancommunityandcurrentincidentsofdiscrimination,whilelessovertthaninthepast,andthesethingsarerealandmustbeaddressed.Forthewhites,theyshouldseeclearlythatthewrongdonetotheblacksinthepastisafactandsubtlediscriminationstillexiststodayandshouldbesolvedproperly.WecanpounceonsomegaffebyaHillarysupporterasevidencethatshe’splayingtheracecard,orwecanspeculateonwhetherwhitemenwillallflocktoJohnMcCaininthegeneralelectionregardlessofhispolicies.WecamjumponsomeremarksmadebysomeHillarysupportersagainstmeandusethistoshowthatHillaryalsoappealstowhitestodefeatmeintheDemocraticcampaignorpredictthatwhilepeoplewouldsupportJohnMcCain,notbecauseofhispolicybutbecauseofhisskincolor.Or,atthismoment,inthiselection,wecancometogetherandsay,”Notthistime.”O(jiān)r,nowandhere,theAmericanpeople,blackandwhite,AsianandHispanicandNativeAmerican,canuniteandrejectthepoliticsthatproducedivisionandconflict.英譯漢：Legalizeddiscrimination---whereblackswereprevented,oftenthroughviolence,fromowningproperty,orloanswerenotgrantedto