2022年遼寧省大連市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2022年遼寧省大連市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Divorce

Forevery1,000marriedcouplesintheUK,13endupdivorcedaccordingtostatistics.Divorceisoftenacomplicatedandmessyprocess,andthrowsupmanypities.

DivorceIssues

Suchpainfulissuesaswhethertosellyourhome,whichparentwilllookafteryourchildren,andhowitwillaffectanyloansyoumayhave,willallhavetoberesolved.AndifyouaredivorcingyourpartnerinScotlandratherthaninEnglandandWalesthenanothersetoflawswillapply.

Formanycouples,obtainingadivorcehasneverbeeneasier.Theold-fashionedconceptofestablishingthatonepartyisatfaulthasbeencommittedtohistoryandtheimportantfacttoestablishnowisthattherelationshiphas"irreparablybrokendown".

InCourtorOnline?

Itisevenpossibletodivorceyourpartneronline,allowingyoutosaveonlegalcosts—andaccordingtoonlineexperts,thiscansaveyouabout￡700fromtheaverage￡800.However,thismethodisonlysuitableforverystraightforwardanduncontesteddivorces.

Alternatively,youcanapplyfordivorceatacountycourtinEnglandandWales,buttodothis,couplesmusthavebeenmarriedforatleastayear.

Thefirststageofdivorceisobtainingwhatisknownasa"Decreenisi(日后才生效的離婚判決書)".Thisisgrantedifthecourtissatisfiedthemarriagehas"irreparablybrokendown",andthisisprovenbyshowingoneoffivethings:adultery(通奸行為);unreasonablebehavior;desertiononthepartofonepartnerforatleasttwoyears;thatthecouplehavebeenseparatedfortwoyearsandbothspousesagreetodivorce;orthatthecouplehavebeenseparatedforfiveyears.

Yourspouse's"unreasonablebehavior"mustbesointolerablethatnobodycouldreasonablyexpectyoutocarryonlivingwithhimorher.Itcouldinclude,forexample,financialcarelessness,drinking,gambling,orlackofemotionalsupport.Youcannotbaseyourdivorceonthisifyouthenlivetogetherforaperiodofmorethansixmonthsafterwards.Thisrulealsoappliestodesertion,andthediscoverythatadulteryhastakenplace.

Thesecondandfinalstageisobtaininga"Decreeabsolute(絕對(duì)判決)".Thedivorcecanbestoppedatanytimeuntilthisisgranted,soitisadvisabletosortoutallthefinancialandpracticaldetailsfirst.

UsingaDivorceLawyer

If,asinthevastmajorityofcases,yourrelationshipiscomplicated,itisadvisabletoseeklegaladvicefromafamousfamilylawadvisor,whowillbeabletoproperlyadviseyouaboutyourrightsandresponsibilities.

IfyouareunsurehowtogoaboutchoosingalawyerthenitmightbeagoodideatoconsulttheLawSocietyortheFamilyLawSolicitorsAssociation,whokeepalistofqualifiedlawyers.AlternativelyvisittheCitizen'sAdviceBureauwhohasagreatdealofinformationregardingsuchmatters.

WhatAretheAlternatives?

Negotiationisavoluntaryservicethatallowsyouandyourpartnertomeetwithatrainedandimpartialnegotiatortoclarifytheissues,discusstheavailableoptions,andreachdecisionsacceptabletoyouboth.Whilethenegotiatorwillmanagetheprocessofnegotiation,heorsheisnottheretopromoteeitherperson'sinterests.Thedecisionsarefinallyyours.

Youwillstillrequiretheservicesofalawyertoputyourdecisionsonpropertyorfinancialmattersintolegalform.Thegovernmentiskeenforpeopletoattendnegotiation,andthenumberofpeopleofferingthisservicehasvastlyincreasedinthelastfewyears.Youmayberequiredtoattendnegotiationmeetingsifyourdivorceisfundedbylegalaid.FormoreinformationvisitourfeatureonNegotiation.

WhatAbouttheChildren?

Divorcecanbeespeciallyconfusingforchildren,whoarelikelytofeelconfusedbyeventsandmayevenblamethemselvesfortheirparent

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

HurricanesaremainlyformedinGulfofMexico.

3.

AccordingtoRobertFeldman,peoplenow______.

A.havetolearnhowtotelltruthfromlies

B.disregardtheliestoldbythegovernment

C.donotlieasoftenasbefore

D.aremorepronetoacceptlies

4.

Undergraduatesatdozensofschoolshavegonesofarastovoteforincreasesintheiractivitiesfeestohavemoremoneyfor______.

5.

Traditionalmathregardsconstructivistmathscurriculumasmemorizingsimpleformulas.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.WhichkindofcompaniesdotheKellyServicescontactwith?

A.Bothmulti-nationalandsmalllocalcompanies.

B.Listedcompanies.

C.Smallerlocalcompanies.

D.Internationalenterprise.

7.

Evaluationofdepressioncanbeconductedonlywhensuchdepressionisnotattackingthepatient.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Nomatterhowadvancedthetechnologyofmeasuringtimewillbeweshouldneverlosetheabilitytotellthetimeapproximatelyby______.

9.

Theprimarypurposeofthisarticleistoinstructthereaderto______.

10.

Somesiteadministratorsmakeitpossibleforsiteuserstocommunicatewiththeironlinedatingcontactsprivately.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Sellershavetherighttorefusethedealiftheofferislowerthan______.

A.theminimumstartingbid

B.thereserveprice

C.theaveragemarketprice

D.thewholesalecost

12.

Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajobseekertoshow______.

13.

ManycriminalsinEnglandweresentto______becausetheywerenot"goodcitizens".

14.StressManagement:PersonallyAdjustingtoStress

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbebroughtonbyphysicalevents,otherpeople'sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinres61vingtheconflict.Herearesomeofthewayswehaveforcontrollingourphysicalreactionsandourthoughtswillbeexplained.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Stressreactionsinvolvetwomajorelements:(1)heightenedphysicalarousalasrevealedinanincreasedheartrate,sweatypalms,rapidbreathing,andmusculartension,and(2)anxiousthoughts,suchasthinkingyouarehelplessorwantingtorunaway.Sinceyourbehavior.andyouremotionsarecontrolledbythewayyouthink,youmustacquireskillstochangethosethoughts.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachexhaledbreathsay"relax"gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword"relax"willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Anotherwaytoinducerelaxationisthroughtensionrelease.Thetheoryhereisthatifyoutenseasetofmusclesandthenrelaxthem,theywillbemorerelaxedthanbeforeyoutensedthem.Practiceeachmusclegroupseparately.Theultimategoal,however,istorelaxallmusclegroupssimultaneouslytoachievetotalbodyrelaxation.Foreachmusclegroup,inturn,tensethemusclesandholdthemtenseforfiveseconds,thenrelaxthem.Repeatthistension-releasesequencethreetimesforeachgroupofmuscles.Next,tenseallmusclestogetherforfiveseconds,thenreleasethem.Now,takealow,deepbreathandsay"relax"softlyandgentlytoyourselfasyoubreatheout.Repeatthiswholesequencethreetimes.

Youdonotneedtowaitforspecialtimestopracticerelaxing.If,duringthecourseofyourdailyactivities,younoticeatensemusclegroup,youcanhelprelaxthisgroupbysaying"relax"inwardly.Monitoryourbodilytension.Insomecasesyoucan'prepareyourselfforstressfulsituationsthroughrelaxationbeforetheyoccur.Practicewillhelpyoucalluptherelaxationresponsewheneverneeded.

Forotherwaystorelax,donotoverlookregularexercise.Aerobicoryoga-typeexercisecanbehelpful.Personalfitnessprogramscanbetiedtotheseinnermessagesto"relax"foracompleterelaxationresponse.

Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.

&

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Youshould______afterselectingyourtoolsandasuitablemedium.

A.findadistantplacetostoreyourbackups

B.bouncebackquickly

C.trustInternet-basedbackupservice

D.resteasy

16.AccordingtoanewTIMEpoll,whatmaybeoneofthereasonsthatAmericansprefertobuyorganicfoodantenergy-efficientlightbulbs?

A.Theseproductsarecheaperandmorepersuasive.

B.Theyareabidingbyakindofnewcontract.

C.Themanufactureroftheproductsurgesthemtobuy.

D.Buyingsuchproductshasbecomeavogue.

17.

HundredsofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredintheexplosionwereallAfricanAmericans.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

TherelationshipbetweenChadandtheSudanisnot______andsothebordercrossingisparticularlydifficult.

19.

Johnandhiswifewenttoeveningclaspstolearnhowto______.

20.

Accordingtosomeresearchers'criteria,gossipsaboutfamouspeoplearenotrealgossips.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(17)

A.HedoesnotknowwhoAliceis.

B.Hehasfoundajobasamessenger.

C.Hedoesnotwanttodeliverthenote.

D.HedoesnotknowwhoAliceis.

22.聽力原文：M:Uh,lookslikeI'mgoingtobealittlelateforclass.IhopeProfessorClarkdoesn'tstartontimetoday.

W:Areyoukidding?Youcansetyourwatchbythetimehestartshisclass.

Q:WhatcanbeinferredaboutProfessorClark?

(18)

A.Heisalwayspunctualforhisclass.

B.Herarelynoticeswhichstudentsarelate.

C.Hewantshisstudentstobeontimeforclass.

D.Hedoesn'tallowhisstudentstotelljokesinclass.

23.(34)

A.Areembarrassedthattheyhavenon-traditionalstudents.

B.Areproudthattheyhavenon-traditionalstudents.

C.Areangrywiththenon-traditionalstudents.

D.Thearticledoesn'tsayhowtheyfeel.

24.聽力原文：M:I'vejustfoundthemostusefuldeviceatthenewoutdoorstore--awaterpurifier.

W:Awaterpurifier?Youwanttocarryevenmoreequipmentwithyouonourhikingtrip?

M:(23)Ifit'slightweightandsavework,yes!Andthisonefitsthatdescription,

W:Really?I'dbetittakesupalotofroom.

M:Notatall.It'sastraw,muchliketheoneyouusetodrinkasodawateroramilkshake.

W:Really?(23)Thatissmall.

M:Yeah,it'splasticandhasaseriesofmineralandchemicalfiltersthatstrainsharmfulmicrobesfromwater.

W:Yes,buthowgoodajobcanitdofilteringthegermsoutofstagnantpondwaterorwaterfromlakesandstreams?

M:It'sfantastic.(24)Itmakesthewaterentirelygermfree.

W:Butwhataboutsaltorchemicalpollutantsthatmightbeinthewater?Doesitcleanthoseout?

M:No,(24)itdoesn'tremovesaltandchemicals.Butthosearereallynotmajorconcernswhenwe'reouthikingandcamping.

W:Mm...Howlongwillastrawlast?

M:Forabout100gallons.Butdon'tworryaboutmeasuringthatlargeamountofwater.Thereisabuilt-insafetyfeatures.(25)Themineralandchemicalfiltersbecomecloggedlongbeforethelimitisreachedandthestrawstopsdrawingwater.

W:IthinkI'llgotogetoneformycampingtripthisweekend.Itwillsurelybecarryingalotofwaterorhavingtoboilitatthecampsite.

(20)

A.It'slight-weightedandsmall.

B.Ithasmetalfilters.

C.Itlookslikeastraw.

D.It'slargebutnecessary.

25.

【B11】

26.(21)

A.Shespentmostofhertimeunderthesea.

B.Shespentmostofhertimelyinginthesun.

C.SheSpentmostofhertimelookingforsunkentreasure.

D.Shespentmostofhertimetakingphotographsofthesca.

27.

【B2】

28.聽力原文：W:Haveyoufinishedtheresearchpaperforpsychology?

M:Notyet,Ialwaysdon'twriteituntilthelastminute.

Q:Whatdidthemanmean?

(18)

A.Heneverdoesthingsearly.

B.Hehasalreadyfinishedit.

C.Heisn'tgoingtofinishit.

D.Hewillfinishitinafewminutes.

29.聽力原文：W:Didyouhappentobringyournotesalong?I'vegotaphysicsproblemtosolve.

M:IamafraidtheyareonloantoMichael.Ifyoudonotmindwaiting,Icangivethemtoyouinacoupleofdays.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.Hedoesn'thaveanynotes.

B.Hedoesn'twanttolendherthenotes.

C.Shecouldn'tborrowthenotesfromMichael.

D.Shehastowaitforafewdaysbeforeshecanusethenotes.

30.聽力原文：Wecanagreewithprimitivemanthatfondisabasicneed.butwedifferfromhiminourfoodwantsbecauseofthewidevarietyoffoodwehaveavailablecomparedwithhim;wehaveawiderchoice.Takefruitforexample,notonlycanweenjoythefruitsgrowninhiscentury,butbecauseofmodernmethodsoftransportandfoodpreservation,wecanalsoenjoymorefruitsfromforeigncountries,whereasprimitivemanislimitedinhischoicetothekindsoffruitwhichactuallygrowwherehelives.

Howevertheydifferinsatisfyingtheirhunger,primitiveandcivilizedmenbothexperiencethebasicneedforfood.

Thesameistrueofthesecondofourhumanneeds.Clothingisnecessarymregulatetheheatofourbodies.Sinceweliveinatemperateclimateweneedmoreclothesthanpeoplelivingintropicalconditions.Likewise.ourclothingneedstochangewiththeseasons.

Shelter,thethirdofourneeds,dependsupontheclimate,theskillofthebuilder,one'ssocialposition,andthematerials,available.Thesimpleshelterofprimitivemanwouldnotdoforus,andyetitsatisfieshisneeds.Thethree-bedroomsuburbanhouseoftheaveragefamilywouldnotbegrandenoughforarichfamily,andyetthemodemhousecontainsmanyofthematerialcomfortswhichweredeniedtotheKingsandQueensofold.

(33)

A.Foodisnolongerabasicneedforus,whileitwasforprimitivepeople.

B.Weeatawidevarietyoffood.

C.Wenolongereatfruitthatprimitivepeopleeverate.

D.Weeatmorefoodthanprimitivepeopledid.

31.(25)

A.Becauseeveryspeciesbecomesextinct.

B.Becausehumansbeingsarepowerfulenoughtokillotherspecies.

C.Becauseofover-population.

D.Becausehumanbeingisstillayoungspeciesthoughitisexploitingtheenvironment.

32.聽力原文：W:HiStan,wherehaveyoubeen?

M:Oh,justattheStudentUnionofficetryingtoseeifIcancatchyouthere.IalsotriedtofindoutifprofessorSteinfieldhasanyoldexamsfromyearsago.

W:Whydon'tyoujustaskme?Itookthatclasslastsemesterandacedit.

M:Yeah...youaceallyoursubjects.Buttheexamschangefromyeartoyear,don'tthey?

W:True,butthestyle.isprettymuchthesamefromyeartoyear.

M:Sotellmeallabouttheprocessofprostaglandin.Icanbarelyevenpronounceit,letaloneexplainit.

W:Hey,Iamnoexpertbutwhatshe'llbemainlylookingforisthatyouknowhowitaffectthedigestion,reproduction,andimmunesystems.

M:Whatkindsofquestionsmightsheask?

W:Well,forexample,you'llprobablyhavetosayhowprostaglandin,ifover-producedcangiveyouheadachesandfeversandstuff.

M:Talkaboutheadaches.IthinkI'mgettingonenow.Canyougivemeanaspirin?

W:Well,it'sprobablybecauseyouhavetoomuchprostaglandin.Aspirinblocksprostaglandinproduction.

M:Well,I'msureit'sthisBiologyclassthat'sdoingit.

W:Hey,I'veheardyou'renoslouchatpoetry.Yougetmethroughmycoursein19thcenturypoetryandI'llmakeyouanexpertinBiology.

M:It'sadeal.Whereshallwebegin?Poetryisupmyalley.

(20)

A.Tolookforanaspirinforhisheadache.

B.TofindprofessorSteinfield.

C.Tolookforpasttestspapers.

D.Tolookforthewoman.

33.聽力原文：W:Inmyfirstyearatuniversity,Ihadthreeroommates,allfromdifferentcountries.

M:Thatmustn'thavebeengreatforyoutogetacquaintedwithdifferentcustomandculturesindifferentcountries.Didyoustayintouchwiththem?Whataretheyalldoingnow?

Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

(19)

A.Theculturesofdifferentcountries.

B.Thewomangetsalongwellwithherroommates.

C.Thewoman'sfirstyearstudyatcollege.

D.Thewoman'sforeignroommates.

34.

【B8】

35.(35)

A.Ithasspoiledfriendshipandcausedthelatecomertolosehisorherjob.

B.Ithascausedthelatecomertolosehisorherreputation.

C.Ithasarousedotherpeople'sresentment.

D.Ithashelpedthelatecomertobedistinctive.

36.(18)

A.Shecancomebackforregistrationaweeklater.

B.Shecancomebacktoseeifthereisachanceafterthefirstweek.

C.Shehastowaitanothertimeforregistration.

D.Sheshouldgiveuptheclass.

37.聽力原文：W:Tony,whoarethestreetpeople?Howdidtheygettobelivinginthestreet?

M:Well,someofthemlosttheirjobs,someofthemhavementalproblems,andsomeofthemdrink.

Q:Whichofthefollowingfactorsisnotmentionedasacauseofbecomingstreetpeople?

(16)

A.Unemployment.

B.Familybreakup.

C.Mentalproblems.

D.Drinking.

38.

【B3】

39.(13)

A.Whethertoemploythewoman.

B.Whethertotakeupthenewjob.

C.Whethertoaskforaraise.

D.Whethertoaskformoresalary.

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:I'mexhausted!Ican'tseestraightanymore.

W:Callitadayandgetsomerest.I'llfinishprintingthereportmyself.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

(12)

A.Gohome.

B.Seeadoctor.

C.Finishthereport.

D.Lookforhisglasses.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheworkintheneweconomy?

A.Aworker'sincompetenceinshiftingbetweenroles.

B.Moderatecompetitioninresearchandeducation.

C.Theemphasisofcollectiveeffortsdirectedatatask.

D.Morespecializedjobsresultingfromdivisionoflabor.

42.

Thephrase"hitsthejackpot"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"_______".

A.getoutofbusinesssuddenly

B.bediscoveredaccidentallybyforesightedbusinessman

C.makealotofmoneyunexpectedly

D.provetobeveryusefulindailylifebychance

43.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsandhumans.Carver'sfirststepwastoanalyzeplantpartstofindoutwhattheyweremadeof.Hethencombinedthesesimplerisolatedsubstanceswithothersubstancestocreatenewproducts.

Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfromfarmproductstomakeindustrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.Carverwasoneofthefirstandgreatestchemurgistsofalltime.Todaythescienceofchemurgyisbetterknownasthescienceofsynthetics.Eachdaypeopledependonandusesyntheticmaterialsmadefromrawmaterials.AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowingneedtodevelopsubstitutesforthenaturalsubstancesbeingusedupbyhumans.Carvernevercaredaboutgettingcreditforthenewproductshecreated.Henevertriedtopatenthisdiscoveriesorgetwealthyfromthem.HeturneddownmanyofferstoleaveTuskegeeInstitutetobecomearichscientistinprivateindustry.ThomasEdison,inventoroftheelectriclight,offeredhimalaboratoryinDetroittocarryoutfoodresearch.WhentheUnitedStatesgovernmentmadehimacollaboratorintheMycologyandPlantDiseaseSurveyoftheDepartmentofAgriculture,heacceptedthepositionwiththeunderstandingthathewouldn'thavetoleaveTuskegee.Anauthorityonplantdiseases-especiallyofthefungusvariety--carversenthundredsofspecimenstotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.Atthepeakofhiscareer,Carver'sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent.

Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?`

44.

IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

45.

Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreeaboutthetranslationmistakes?

A.Manyinternationalcompaniesmaketranslationmistakesinadvertising.

B.Translationmistakeshavetheworstimpactonacompany'smarketing.

C.Translationmistakesaremadeduetothetranslators'ignoranceofculturaldistinctions.

D.Word-for-wordtranslationshouldbeabandonedinordertoavoidtranslationmistakes.

46.Telecommutingsubstitutingthecomputerforthetriptothejob--hasbeenhailedasasolutiontoallkindsofproblemsrelatedtoofficework.

Forworkersitpromisesfreedomfromtheoffice,lesstimewastedintraffic,andhelpwithchild-careconflicts.Formanagement,telecommutinghelpskeephighperformersonboard,minimizestardinessandabsenteeismbyeliminatingcommutes,allowsperiodsofsolitudeforhighconcentrationtasks,andprovidesschedulingflexibility.Insomeareas,suchasSouthernCaliforniaandSeattle,localgovernmentsareencouragingcompaniestostarttelecommutingprogramsinordertoreducerush-hourcongestionandimproveairquality.

Butthesebenefitsdonotcomeeasily.Makingatelecommutingprogramworkrequirescarefulplanningandanunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweentelecommutingrealitiesandpopularimages.

Manyworkersareseducedbyrosyillusionsoflifeasatelecommuter.AcomputerprogrammerfromNewYorkCitymovestothetranquilAdirondackMountainsandstaysincontactwithherofficeviacomputer.Amanagercomesintohisofficethreedaysaweekandworksathometheothertwo.Anaccountantstayshometocareforhersickchildanddoesofficeworkbetweencallstothedoctor.

Thesearepowerfulimages,buttheyarealimitedreflectionofreality.Telecommutingworkerssoonlearnthatitisalmostimpossibletoconcentrateonworkandcareforayoungchildatthesametime.Beforeacertainage,youngchildrencannotrecognizethenecessaryboundariesbetweenworkandfamily.Additionalchildsupportisnecessaryiftheparentistogetanyworkdone.

Management,too,mustseparatethemythfromreality.Althoughthemediahaspaidagreatdealofattentiontotelecommuting,inmostcasesitistheemployees'situation,nottheavailabilityoftechnologythatprecipitatesatelecommutingarrangement.

Thatispartlywhy,despitethewidespreadpresscoverage,thenumberofcompanieswithwork-at-homeprogramsorpolicyguidelinesremainssmall.

Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasaproblemrelatedtoofficework?

A.Wastingtimeintraffic.

B.Theconflictbetweenchild-careandwork.

C.Theinflexibleschedule.

D.Thehighexpenseonofficeequipment.

47.Themostimportantstepindevelopinganeffectivecampaign,andthestepwhichmustcomebeforeallothers,istodefinetheobjectivesofthecampaignwithgreatestpossibleclarity.Doesthecompanywishtoattractnewinvestors?Doesitseektoacquireacompanyabroad?Isanewproducttobeintroduced?

Arenewgovernmentregulationsthreateningthecompany'sprofitability?Onlyafterthefundamentalneedsofacorporationhavebeenestablishedcanthebasicobjectiveforacorporateprogrambeisolated;withoutsuchaclearlydefinedobjectivethecampaignwillhavelittleeffect.

Notethatwehavespokenof"anobjective,"notasetofobjectives.Onecannotcreateatfavorableclimateamongthefinancialcommunity,emphasizeone'sconcernfortheenvironment,seektoattractnewemployeesbythecreationofaprogressiveimage,givedirectsupporttosalesstaff,andemphasizesocialresponsibility,allinasinglecampaign.Ascatteringofdiversemessageswillconfusethereaderandintheendhewillabsorbnothing.

Aftertheprimereasonforinvestmentinthecampaignhasbeendecidedupon,thesecondstepistocollectalltheinformationthatonewishestoconveytotheselectedaudiences.Sincethereisonlyobjectiveforthecampaign,oneassumesthattheaudiencehasalreadybeenclearlyidentifiedduringtheselectionoftheobjective.

Thethirdstepinvolvestheselectionofthebestpossiblemediatobeusedinthecampaign.Itisalarminghowmanyadvertisingexpertsfirstcreatethecampaignandthenselectthemedia.Theprintmediaarequitedistinctfromsuchmediaasradioandtelevisionintheiradvertisingcapabilities.Evenwithintheprintmediatherearecriticaldifferencesinstyle.andapproachwhichmustbenotedbyanyonedesigninganadvertisementforprintinginanewspaperasopposedtoamagazine.Magazineadvertisinginturnisnotoneunifiedfield,fortherearemanydifferenttypesofmagazinesandjournalsdirectedtoentirelydifferentaudiences.

Thefourthandlaststepistofindasuitablecreativeapproach.Iftheobjectiveistodevelopareceptiveclimateamongthefinancialcommunity,forexample,itwouldbeamistaketoworkwithtoomuchillustrationandtoofewdetaileddata,toomanycleverwordsandtoofewfactsandfigures.Inacampaignaimedatfixingintheconsciousnessofthegen