基于NRFL的家用無(wú)線(xiàn)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)完整版

基于NRF24L01的家用無(wú)線(xiàn)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)摘要隨著通信技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展以及人們對(duì)生活要求的不斷提高，實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭智能遠(yuǎn)程控制已經(jīng)成為必然趨勢(shì)。國(guó)家建設(shè)部住宅產(chǎn)業(yè)化促進(jìn)中心提出住宅小區(qū)要實(shí)現(xiàn)六項(xiàng)智能化要求，其中包括實(shí)行安全防范自動(dòng)化監(jiān)控管理：對(duì)住宅的火災(zāi)、有害氣體的泄漏實(shí)行自動(dòng)報(bào)警；住宅設(shè)置緊急呼叫系統(tǒng)；防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)應(yīng)安裝紅外或微波等各種類(lèi)型報(bào)警探測(cè)器；系統(tǒng)應(yīng)能與計(jì)算機(jī)安全綜合管理系統(tǒng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)；計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)能對(duì)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行針對(duì)室內(nèi)應(yīng)用環(huán)境,對(duì)無(wú)線(xiàn)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了研究,提出一種低成本、面向家庭應(yīng)用傳感器組成。系統(tǒng)采用無(wú)線(xiàn)通信方式,可以完成溫度監(jiān)測(cè)、自動(dòng)報(bào)警等功能。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,系統(tǒng)具有成本低、無(wú)需布線(xiàn)、安裝簡(jiǎn)單、擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),可以廣泛應(yīng)用于家庭自報(bào)警工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇性的對(duì)家居無(wú)線(xiàn)控制方面開(kāi)發(fā)上作了詳盡的研究。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下兩個(gè)方面：一，從設(shè)計(jì)方案到實(shí)驗(yàn)程序以及程序驗(yàn)證硬件測(cè)試等都進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。二，謹(jǐn)慎的選擇并購(gòu)買(mǎi)硬件，搭建整個(gè)硬件電路。本文通過(guò)搭建電路，測(cè)試傳感器和簡(jiǎn)單通信的方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行了深入的學(xué)習(xí)。NRF24L01homewirelessalarmsystem-baseddesignAbstractWiththecontinuousdevelopmentofcommunicationtechnology,aswellaspeopleonthecontinuousimprovementoflivingrequirements,familyintelligentremotecontrolhasbecomeaninevitabletrend.TheMinistryofConstructionofHousingIndustrializationPromotionCenterresidentialdistricttoachievethesixintelligencerequirements,includingtheimplementationofsafetyprecautionsautomatedmonitoringandmanagement:residentialfire,leakageofharmfulgasestoimplementautomaticalarm;residentialsettingsemergencycallsystem;alarmsystemshouldbeinstalledsuchasinfraredormicrowavevarioustypesofalarmdetector;systemshouldbeabletonetworkandcomputersecuritymanagementsystem;emforcentralizedmanagementandcontroloftheantitheftalarmsystem.Wirelessalarmsystemforindoorenvironments,andproposedalow-cost,family-orientedapplicationofremoteanti-theftalarm.ThehardwareconsistsofSTC89C51microcontrollernRF24L01wirelesscommunicationmoduleandDS18B20sensor.Thesystemuseswirelesscommunication,youcancompletetemperaturemonitoring,automaticalarmandotherfunctions.Experimentsshowthatthesystemhaslow-cost,nowiring,easytoinstall,expandthecharacteristicsofstrong,canbewidelyusedinhomeautomationcontrol.Thisarticlefirstdetailstheresearchsituationanddevelopmenttrendofwireless,clearuserdemandandwirelessworksonthebasisofselective,madeadetailedstudyonthedevelopmentofwirelesshomecontrolaspects.Theresearchtopicsincludethefollowingtwoaspects:one,fromthedesigntotheexperimentalprocedureandprogramverificationhardwaretestetc.aredescribedindetail.Second,thecarefulselectionandpurchaseofhardware,setupthewholehardwarecircuit.Waytobuildthecircuit,thetestsensorandresumeionwascarriedoutindepthlearningKeywordsWirelessalarm；Sensor；NRF24L01；STC89C51；DS18B20 I 第1章緒論1.1定義報(bào)警系統(tǒng)是用物理方法或電子技術(shù)，自動(dòng)探測(cè)發(fā)生在布防監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)行為，產(chǎn)生報(bào)警信號(hào)，并提示值班人員發(fā)生報(bào)警的區(qū)域部位，顯示可能采取對(duì)策的系統(tǒng)。報(bào)警系統(tǒng)是預(yù)防火災(zāi)、盜竊等意外事件的重要設(shè)施。一旦發(fā)生突發(fā)事件，就能通過(guò)聲光報(bào)警信號(hào)在安?？刂浦行臏?zhǔn)確顯示出事地點(diǎn)，使于迅速采取應(yīng)急措施。報(bào)警系統(tǒng)與出入口控制系統(tǒng)、閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、訪(fǎng)客對(duì)講系統(tǒng)和電子巡更系統(tǒng)等一起構(gòu)成了智能安全防范系報(bào)警系統(tǒng)通常由：探測(cè)器(又稱(chēng)報(bào)警器)、傳輸通道和報(bào)警控制器三部分構(gòu)成。報(bào)警探測(cè)器是由傳感器和信號(hào)處理組成的，用來(lái)探測(cè)入侵者入侵行為的，由電子和機(jī)械部件組成的裝置，是報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵，而傳感器又是報(bào)警探測(cè)器的核心元件。采用不同原理的傳感器件，可以構(gòu)成不同種途、達(dá)到不同探測(cè)目的的報(bào)警探測(cè)裝置[1]。1.2課題研究目的及意義隨著國(guó)民和技術(shù)水平的提高，特別是機(jī)技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)、技術(shù)、控制技術(shù)的迅猛與提高，促使了家庭實(shí)現(xiàn)了生活化，居住環(huán)境舒適化、安全化。這些高科技已經(jīng)影響到人們生活的方方面面，改變了人們生活習(xí)慣，提高了人們生活質(zhì)量，家居智能化也正是在這種形勢(shì)下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的。本文所研究的家庭無(wú)線(xiàn)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)正是智能家居的一部分。保障家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)，防患于未然也是未來(lái)智能家居的研究方向之一。1.3國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀及趨勢(shì)隨著國(guó)內(nèi)安防市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展，目前報(bào)警器市場(chǎng)也日漸完善成熟起來(lái)。現(xiàn)在在市場(chǎng)上流通的報(bào)警器主要功能如下：2)防竊：若遭遇壞人入室搶劫，可即時(shí)發(fā)送報(bào)警信號(hào)。3)求助：可用于家中老人、小孩意外事故和急病呼救報(bào)警。4)防火：通過(guò)煙感探測(cè)器及時(shí)探測(cè)室內(nèi)煙霧，發(fā)出失火警報(bào)。5)防可燃?xì)怏w中毒：能夠探測(cè)到煤氣、液化石油氣、天然氣等氣體6)全自動(dòng)報(bào)警：一旦發(fā)生警情，主機(jī)自動(dòng)循環(huán)撥打設(shè)置電話(huà)，如聯(lián)網(wǎng)向報(bào)警中心報(bào)警，或者發(fā)出語(yǔ)音報(bào)警信號(hào)。7)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)聽(tīng)：接通報(bào)警電話(huà)后可即時(shí)監(jiān)聽(tīng)和判斷室內(nèi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)動(dòng)靜，以8)異地遙控：主人在異地遠(yuǎn)距離通過(guò)手機(jī)或電話(huà)對(duì)家中主機(jī)進(jìn)行布防或撤防等操作。還可以部分布防，比如人在家里客廳撤防，陽(yáng)9)分類(lèi)：根據(jù)使用用途可分為汽車(chē)防盜報(bào)警器，摩托車(chē)、電動(dòng)車(chē)防盜報(bào)警器，家庭防盜監(jiān)控報(bào)警器，辦公用防盜報(bào)警器等。展[2]。1.4本文研究主要內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容：本文系統(tǒng)地介紹了有關(guān)單片機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和相關(guān)各種電子器件的使用方法以及使用NRF24L01來(lái)搭建家居無(wú)線(xiàn)安全報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的方法。并選擇DS18B20溫度傳感器來(lái)結(jié)合此系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。本次試驗(yàn)，使用STC80C51單片機(jī)對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行控制，DS18B20溫度傳感器作為信號(hào)源，NRF24L01射頻作為無(wú)線(xiàn)通訊模塊。運(yùn)用美國(guó)KeilSoftware公司的開(kāi)發(fā)工具KeiluVision3平臺(tái)，并采用C++語(yǔ)言來(lái)對(duì)單片機(jī)進(jìn)行編程，運(yùn)用美國(guó)Altium公司的開(kāi)發(fā)工具ProtelDX臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)核心電路硬件。使用兩種軟件對(duì)無(wú)線(xiàn)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)和設(shè)計(jì)。需要熟悉一些底層的硬件知識(shí)，特別是數(shù)字邏輯電路的設(shè)計(jì)，因此KEIL編程和DXP畫(huà)圖的方法、思路都要更多的與硬件電路聯(lián)系起來(lái)。完成系統(tǒng)各個(gè)功能模塊的軟件程序設(shè)計(jì)后，在軟件平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行編譯和電路仿真，最后生成的目標(biāo)文件下載到實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)內(nèi)的STC芯片以實(shí)現(xiàn)該系統(tǒng)，并利用相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證，得出理想的設(shè)計(jì)模型。第2章單片機(jī)及傳感器技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介2.1單片機(jī)技術(shù)概述單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)單片機(jī)，是典型的嵌入式(MicrocontrollerUnit)，常用英文字母的縮寫(xiě)MCU表示單片機(jī)，它最早是被用在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。單片機(jī)是一種集成在芯片，是采用技術(shù)把具有數(shù)據(jù)處理能力的中央顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、脈寬調(diào)制電路、模擬多路轉(zhuǎn)換器、等電路)集成到一塊硅2.1.1單片機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展概況2)MCU的擴(kuò)展方式從并行總線(xiàn)型發(fā)展出各種串行總線(xiàn)。2.1.2單片機(jī)技術(shù)基本特征機(jī)技術(shù)代表了當(dāng)今電子設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的最新發(fā)展方向。首先，程序員以反復(fù)使用，大大的增加了單片機(jī)的使用壽命。第二，單片機(jī)集成度高。計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)通信，為在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通物質(zhì)條件。第三，單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，使電路中，這種模塊化應(yīng)用極大地縮小了體、錯(cuò)誤率，也方便于更換。第四，單片機(jī)可了很多，使得一只單片機(jī)可以同時(shí)勝任多種C言和匯編語(yǔ)言。rneStroustrup)博士在20世紀(jì)80年代初期發(fā)明并實(shí)現(xiàn)了C++(最初這種語(yǔ)言被稱(chēng)作“CwithClasses”)。一開(kāi)始C++是作為的增強(qiáng)版出現(xiàn)function)、運(yùn)算符重載(operatoroverloading)、(multipleinheritance)、(template)、異常(exception)、RTTI、命名空間(namespace)逐漸被加入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1998年(ISO)頒布了的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO/IEC1988-1998。C++是具有國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，通常稱(chēng)作ANSI/ISOC++。匯編語(yǔ)言(AssemblyLanguage)是面向機(jī)器的。在合中，用助記符(Memoni)代替操作碼，用符號(hào)(Symbol)或標(biāo)號(hào)(Label)代替。這樣用符號(hào)代替的二進(jìn)制碼，就把機(jī)器語(yǔ)言變成了匯編語(yǔ)言。于是匯編語(yǔ)言亦稱(chēng)為符號(hào)語(yǔ)言。使用匯編語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的，機(jī)器不能直接識(shí)別，要由一種程序?qū)R編語(yǔ)言翻譯成機(jī)器語(yǔ)言，這種起翻譯作用的程序叫，匯編程序是中語(yǔ)言處理系統(tǒng)軟件。程序把匯編語(yǔ)言翻譯成機(jī)器語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程稱(chēng)為匯編。C++與匯編語(yǔ)言相比，有很多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1)C++設(shè)計(jì)成靜態(tài)類(lèi)型、和C同樣高效且可移植的多用途設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)2)C++設(shè)計(jì)成直接的和廣泛的支援多種程序設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格(程序化程序3)C++設(shè)計(jì)成給程序設(shè)計(jì)者更多的選擇，即使可能導(dǎo)致程序設(shè)計(jì)者5)C++避免平臺(tái)限定或沒(méi)有普遍用途的特性。6)C++不使用會(huì)帶來(lái)額外開(kāi)銷(xiāo)的特性。7)C++設(shè)計(jì)成無(wú)需復(fù)雜的程序設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境[5]。工具一家業(yè)界領(lǐng)先的微控制器(MCU)軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具的獨(dú)立供應(yīng)商。Keil公司由兩家私人公司聯(lián)合運(yùn)營(yíng)，分別是德國(guó)慕尼黑的KeilElektronikGmbH這種得到業(yè)界認(rèn)可的解決方案。其KeilC51編譯器易理解。在開(kāi)發(fā)大型軟件時(shí)更能體現(xiàn)高級(jí)語(yǔ)言的優(yōu)勢(shì)。C優(yōu)。SE就是它的前期版本。環(huán)境功能包括雙顯示器支持，可固定、浮動(dòng)以及彈出面板，強(qiáng)大的過(guò)濾和有先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)，能夠處理各種復(fù)雜的PCB設(shè)ProtelDXP2004已不是單純的PCB(印制電路板)設(shè)計(jì)工具，而是由多個(gè)模塊組成的系統(tǒng)工具，分別是SCH(原理圖)設(shè)計(jì)、SCH(原理圖)仿真、PCB(2字符印制電路板)設(shè)計(jì)、AutoRouter(自動(dòng)布線(xiàn)器)和人性化，而且極大地強(qiáng)化了電路設(shè)計(jì)的同步化，同時(shí)整合了1)整合式的元件與元件庫(kù)2)版本控制ProtelDXP04中的設(shè)計(jì)與其他軟件共享。如可以輸入和輸出3)多重組態(tài)的設(shè)計(jì)4)重復(fù)式設(shè)計(jì)括由電路板反標(biāo)注到電路圖[7]。的傳感器決定了不同的報(bào)警觸發(fā)模式。測(cè)，在室內(nèi)的氣體，濕度和室外的防止入室盜竊上也應(yīng)該進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。4.1定義、作用及組成1)測(cè)量與數(shù)據(jù)采集；2)檢測(cè)與控制作用；診斷與監(jiān)測(cè)作用；4)輔助觀測(cè)儀器；資源探測(cè)與環(huán)境保護(hù)；6)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和家用電器。由敏感元件、轉(zhuǎn)換元件和測(cè)量電路三部分移、位置傳感器；光纖陀螺是光纖自身傳感器的一種，與激光陀螺相比，光纖陀螺靈敏度高，體積小，成本低，可以用于飛機(jī)、艦船、導(dǎo)彈等的高性能慣性導(dǎo)航2)熱學(xué)量傳感器：光纖溫度傳感器；同時(shí)利用光纖的特性將溫度信號(hào)以光的形式傳輸，該類(lèi)型屬于功能型光纖溫度傳感器；另一類(lèi)是光導(dǎo)纖維僅起傳輸光波的作用，感溫功能必須由在光纖端面加裝其他敏感元件來(lái)完成，屬于傳輸型光纖溫度傳感器。光纖溫傳感器流量計(jì)；光纖傳感器渦輪流量計(jì)。容5)光學(xué)量傳感器：光纖傳感器；發(fā)展。在這一過(guò)程中，光纖傳感器這個(gè)傳感器家族的新成員倍受青睞。光纖傳感器憑借著其大量的優(yōu)點(diǎn)已經(jīng)成為傳感器家族的后起之秀，它著自己獨(dú)到的作用，成為傳感器家族中不可缺少的一員。類(lèi)傳感器相比有一系列獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：用光纖傳噪聲、無(wú)電火花、無(wú)短路負(fù)載；光纖具有化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定及徑細(xì)、質(zhì)軟、重感應(yīng)的電氣性能；耐水、耐高溫、耐腐可撓性，以及便于與計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)接，便于與光還有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、體積小、重量輕、耗電少地方(如高溫區(qū))，或者對(duì)人有害的地區(qū)(如核輻界限，接收人的感功能型傳感器，是利用光纖本，所以又叫傳感型光纖傳感器；另一類(lèi)是非元件感受被測(cè)量的變化，光纖僅作為光的傳接近場(chǎng)所的光信號(hào)，因此，也稱(chēng)做傳光型傳同，光纖傳感器有強(qiáng)度(振幅)調(diào)制、相位感曲、應(yīng)變、電壓、電流、化學(xué)量、生物醫(yī)學(xué)和高電壓的環(huán)境里，光纖傳感器都顯示出了力并產(chǎn)生彎曲，通過(guò)彎曲就光纖化學(xué)傳感器；導(dǎo)纖維為基礎(chǔ)的各種探針技術(shù)，具有響應(yīng)速化學(xué)傳感器可分為兩種基本類(lèi)型：光導(dǎo)型和8)生物傳感器：光纖型酶?jìng)鞲衅鳎?)仿生及機(jī)器人傳感器；中傳感器的選擇家用報(bào)警器跟工業(yè)用報(bào)警器不同，根據(jù)不同傳感器的特點(diǎn)，各類(lèi)上選法定量測(cè)量所以半導(dǎo)體傳感器多用于家用報(bào)警器和光點(diǎn)式酒精檢測(cè)儀，這也更符合這類(lèi)報(bào)警器只需要定性測(cè)量且價(jià)格要求較低的情況。工業(yè)報(bào)警器因?yàn)樾枰康臏y(cè)量，所以多選用催化燃燒傳感器和電化學(xué)傳感器。但早期也有采用半導(dǎo)體傳感器的，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在因?yàn)轶w傳感器了。工業(yè)從使用方式看可分為點(diǎn)型氣體探測(cè)器和便攜型氣體探測(cè)器。考慮到價(jià)格因素，電化學(xué)傳感器一般只是應(yīng)用到定量測(cè)量毒性氣體的場(chǎng)合。而合由于要求不高一般都采用催化燃燒傳感器[10]。2.5.1紅外線(xiàn)傳感器一定的溫度(高于絕對(duì)零度)，都能輻射紅外線(xiàn)。紅外線(xiàn)傳感器測(cè)量時(shí)不時(shí)對(duì)疾病進(jìn)行診斷治療(見(jiàn)熱像儀)；利用人造衛(wèi)星上的紅外線(xiàn)傳感器對(duì)情況等。。5.2煤氣泄漏報(bào)警器1)能感應(yīng)、、。3)單片機(jī)智能控制，防誤報(bào)，防漏報(bào)。機(jī)2.5.3溫度報(bào)警器根據(jù)自己的不同需要，設(shè)置報(bào)警器的報(bào)警溫度。溫度變化的規(guī)律把溫度轉(zhuǎn)換為理性質(zhì)主要有體。溫度傳感器是溫度測(cè)測(cè)量方式可分為接觸式和非接觸式兩大熱電阻和兩類(lèi)[5]。2.5.4濕度報(bào)警器溫濕度報(bào)警器通過(guò)溫濕度檢測(cè)到室內(nèi)溫濕度值，并根據(jù)用戶(hù)設(shè)置的上限值和下限值進(jìn)行判斷，如果室內(nèi)溫濕度超出所設(shè)置的溫濕度范圍，則發(fā)濕敏元件是最簡(jiǎn)單的濕度傳感器。濕敏元件主要有電阻式、電容式兩濕敏電阻的特點(diǎn)是在基片上覆蓋一層用感濕材料制成的膜，當(dāng)空氣中的水蒸氣吸附在感濕膜上時(shí)，元件的電阻率和電阻值都發(fā)生變化，利用這高分子材料有聚苯乙烯、聚酰亞胺、酪酸醋酸纖維等。當(dāng)環(huán)境濕度發(fā)生改化量與相對(duì)濕度成正比。本章針對(duì)單片機(jī)相關(guān)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹，包括其發(fā)展階段、基本特征等進(jìn)行了概述。同時(shí)還介紹了幾種用于設(shè)計(jì)單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言。最后，針對(duì)單片機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā)工具做了簡(jiǎn)介。第3章簡(jiǎn)易無(wú)線(xiàn)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)3.1方案設(shè)計(jì)選擇器件本章設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)易的無(wú)線(xiàn)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。首先，使用功能強(qiáng)大的Altera公司的ProtelDXP設(shè)計(jì)硬件電路，該系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)兩套電路分別是發(fā)射電路和接和射頻模塊電路。接收電路中包括單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)，蜂鳴器，數(shù)碼管顯示儲(chǔ)器。在單芯片上，擁有靈巧的8位CPU和在系統(tǒng)可編程Flash，使得STC89C51為眾多嵌入式控制應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)提供高靈活、超有效的解決方案。硬件復(fù)位為止。最高運(yùn)作頻率35Mhz，6T/12T可選[11]。在傳感器方面，本系統(tǒng)使用DS18B20溫度傳感器來(lái)搭建發(fā)送電路。DS18B20數(shù)字溫度傳感器接線(xiàn)方便，封裝成后可應(yīng)用于多種場(chǎng)合，如管道LTM8874等等。主要根據(jù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合的不同而改變其外觀。封裝后的DS18B20可用于電纜溝測(cè)溫，高爐水循環(huán)測(cè)溫，鍋爐測(cè)溫，機(jī)房測(cè)溫，農(nóng)碰，體積小，使用方便，封裝形式多樣，適用于各種狹小空間設(shè)備數(shù)字測(cè)溫和控制領(lǐng)域。DS18B20具有獨(dú)特的單線(xiàn)接口方式，在與微處理器連接時(shí)僅需要一條口線(xiàn)即可實(shí)現(xiàn)微處理器與DS18B20的雙向通訊。測(cè)溫范圍－55℃~+125℃，固有測(cè)溫分辨率0.5℃。支持多點(diǎn)組網(wǎng)功能，多個(gè)DS18B20可以并聯(lián)在唯一的三線(xiàn)上，最多只能并聯(lián)8個(gè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)多點(diǎn)測(cè)溫，位數(shù)字量方式串行傳送不銹鋼保護(hù)管直徑Φ6。適用于DN15~25,DN40~DN250各種介質(zhì)工業(yè)管道和狹小空間設(shè)備測(cè)溫。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)安裝螺紋工作于GHz~GHzISM頻段。內(nèi)置頻率合成器、功率放大器、晶體振蕩模式(掉電模式和空閑模式)使節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)更方便。主要特性：GFSK調(diào)制；mm×4mm封裝;供電電壓為V~V[12]。3.2電路設(shè)計(jì)與焊接數(shù)據(jù)傳輸管腳分別與單片機(jī)的P2口相連。在對(duì)NRF24L01的供電方面，安裝，以免虛焊和用萬(wàn)能表進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，焊點(diǎn)和線(xiàn)路都要3.3硬件電路測(cè)試硬件電路在搭建完成之后，需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行測(cè)試，以保證電路的整體可靠性。每一個(gè)原件都應(yīng)該發(fā)揮它自己的作用，在保證沒(méi)有虛焊，短路的情況下，每部分電路都能獨(dú)立完成其相關(guān)功能。最后再將整體進(jìn)行測(cè)試。DLED--------------------------*/nedintcnt{whilecnt);---------------------------------*/{抖動(dòng)CLK7f7f24L24L24L24L24L24抖動(dòng)CLK器判斷信號(hào)是超出額定值報(bào)警否手動(dòng)取報(bào)警332劉葉冰.住宅小區(qū)智能化設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施[M].中國(guó)電力出版社，2011，1，4李全利.單片機(jī)原理及接口技術(shù)[M].高等教育出版社，2010，11(5)：4~69王華祥，張淑英.傳感器原理及應(yīng)用[M].天津大學(xué)版社，2007，9(2)：144~14510唐宏.無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)原理及應(yīng)用[M].人民郵電出版社，2011，8：M：59~61nRF4L01.北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社[M]，2011，7：13~1413RusdiansyahA，TsaoDB.SmartHome[J].JournalofFoodEngineering3414DOUGLASL：FamilySafetyMaintenanceProgram[M]：McGraw-HillProfessional，2002：95~9715VerhoefLWtypeofalarmsensorselection[J].AppliedErgonomics1988，19(2)：103~109#include<>#include<>typedefunsignedcharuchar;typedefunsignedcharuint;4F24L24L24L24L0A0C0F24L24L24L24L24L24L24LSCK=1;uchar|=MISO;}return(uchar);SPI_RW(reg);reg_val=SPI_RW(0);CSN=1;thensetSCKlowagain24L.thenreadregistervalue24Landwritevaluetoit..=24L24L0f24L24L24L24L0f0f0f0c0a24L24L24LTransmitTx4F24L24L24L0A0C0F24L24L24L24L24L24LSCK=1;uchar|=MISO;}return(uchar);SPI_RW(reg);reg_val=SPI_RW(0);CSN=1;CSN=1;thensetSCKlowagain24L.thenreadregistervalue24Landwritevaluetoit..24L24L0f24L24L24L24L24L24L24LArobotcenteringonnetworktopologystructureispresentedandrealized.allofthesensornodesinformationinthenetworkwillbesenttotherobotnode,sotherobotnodeusuallyundertakesthetasktocollectsensordatainformation,conservetheinformation,processtheinformation,andalsoastheinterfaceofthenetworkwiththeotherusers.Aimathardworkoftherobotnode,thepaperpresentsanimproveddesignofZigBeewirelesssensornetwork.Asetofdesignrequirementsaredevelopedthatcoverthehardwaredesignofintelligentsensornodesandrobotnode.AtlastwetestedtheimprovedZigBeewirelessnetworkandverificationtheeffect.Theresultsshowthatthemonitoringsystemhasstronganti-jammingabilityandcanworkwellwiththerobot’self-movingandmonitoring.Keywordsrobot;environmentmonitoringsystem;wirelesssensornetwork;ZigBee;householdsecurity.I.INTRODUCTIONWiththefastdevelopmentofwirelessnetworktechnologyandrobottechnology,therobotbegantoenterthehomeasahouseholdsecurityrobot.Researchinganddevelopingtherobotwithsecurityalarmandenvironmentalmonitorisimportantinthecurrentresearchfieldofarobot.Inthepastfamilyenvironmentmonitoringsystem,singletypeofsensors,usuallybythewayofcabletransmission,wasused.Wirelessnetwork,asamulti-subject,anewtypeofhightechnology,iswidelyusedinenvironmentalmonitoring,disasterrecovery,military,medical,industrialcontrol,andotherfields.Wirelesssensornetwork(WSN)isawirelessmobilenetworkwiththecharacteristicofself-organizingandself-adaptive,andfullycapableofself-configurationfornetwork.Zigbeeisacommunicationstandardintendedtodevelopapowerconsumptionincomplementt.ZigBeewirelessnetwork,withthecharacteristicoftheself-organizingandrobust,solvesmanyproblemssuchassinglefunctionofpreviousmonitoringsystem,complexinstallation,poormobility,andtheno-robustsystem.BasedonZigBeewirelessnetwork,anenvironmentalmonitoringsystemofhouseholdsecurityrobotisintroduced,whichisusedformonitoringtemperatureandhumidity,gasleaking,fireandhousebreakinginfamily.Theremainderofthispaperisorganizedasfollows:insectionIIwewillintroducetheoverviewframeworkoftheimprovedZigBeemonitoringsystem.InsectionIII,presentthehardwareofthesystem,insectionIVwegivesoftwaredesignofthesystem,andinsectionV,wegivetheanalysisandtestforthisimprovedsystem.Finally,givesomeconclusions.II.STRUCTUREOFTHEMONITORINGSYSTEMInthispaper,themonitoringsystemisconstructedbasedonthisthinking,whichiscomposedofanodeoftherobotandsomenodesofwirelesssensorsasshowninFig.1.Figure1.SchematicdiagramofsystemInthisfigure,thewirelesssensornodesareinstalledindifferentindoorroomsfortheacquisitionofindoortemperature,humidity,infrared,smoke,andgasinformation.Gasnodesinthekitchenareusedtodetectgasandcombustiblegasleak;infrarednodesattheentranceofwindowsanddoorshavetodetectunauthorizedintrusion;nodesoftemperatureandhumidityinthebedroomsandthehallprovidereferenceinformationforfamilyandpersonal;smokenodeismainlyusedtomonitorindoorsmokedensity,realizethefamilyfirealarmbytheinformationoftemperatureandhumidity.Therobotnodeisthecentrallinkofmonitoringsystem,composedoftheARMhostmodule,wirelesssensorcommunicationsmodulesandothercomponents,suchasman-machineinterfacemoduleandsoon.Wirelesssensorcommunicationmoduleisnotonlyresponsibleforcommunicationsbetweenthewirelesssensornodesandtherobotnode,butalsoresponsibleforcommunicationsbetweenrobotnodeandotherfamilywirelessZigBeesensornetworks.Therobotnodesendsthecollectionandthequerycommandtothesensornodes,analysesdatafromthesensors,judgesalarmthreshold,andsendsmessagestoremoteusers.ORINGSYSTEMHardwareimplementationofthemonitoringsystemcanbedividedintotwoparts:oneisthehardwaredesignofsensornodeswhichmainlycompleteenvironmentalinformationcollection,storage,simpleprocessingandwirelesscommunication;theotheristhehardwaredesignoftherobotnodewhichfinishescomputingandprocessinginformationfromthesensors,sendsA.DesignofSensorNetworkNodesZigBeesensornodesarethebasicunitforinformationcollection.Thesensorscollectthesignalfromtheenvironmentandtheoriginalsignalwillbeprocessedbythesignalprocessingmodule.ThentheprocessedsignalwillbeuploadedtotheZigBeemodule.TheZigBeemodulesendstheinformationtotherobotnode.Therefore,thenodeshouldhavethreekindsofcapability:sensingcapability,computingcapabilityandwirelesscommunicationcapability.Thepowerwillbeprovidedbytwobatteriesandthevoltageregulatormodulewillassistanceinpowerproviding.Thesensornodesareusuallyusedtorealizeinformationcollectionofthetemperatureandhumiditysensornodes,smokesensornodes,gassensornodes,andinfrareddetectionsensornodes.Inthecourseofthedesigning,wechooseCC2430astheZigBeeprotocolchips.ThechipCC2430asthecoreofthehardware,CC2430integratedRFtransceiver,CPU,and128Kflashmemory,andveryfewexternalcomponentsrequiredintheCC2430typicalapplication[6].ItalsoincludesA/Dconverter,someTimers,AES128Coprocessor,WatchdogTimer,32KcrystalSleepmodeTimer,PowerOnReset,BrownOutDetectionand21I/Os.TheRFtransceiver,includingacorechipandanantenna,supportsthe21I/0ports,CC2430p0portscanbesettoADCport.21I/OportscanbeusedastheSPIports,GPIOandsoon.Thesesensornodesexcepttherobotnodehavethesamebasicstructure.Theseportsareassignedtothesensorsandperipheralequipments.B.DesignofRobotNodeTherobotnodeiscomposedofcontrolunit,ARM920T,operatingsystemsoftwareplatform,variousperipheralsensorsdetcexecutor,wirelesscommunicationmodule,memoryandman-machinerfacesasshowninFigInthishouseholdsecuritynetwork,therobotnodeactsastherootnodeandgatewayatthesametime.TherobotnodeisthegatewaythatdeliverscommandsreceivedfromapersontothebasestationandcontrolsmessagesreceivedfromthebaseEachnodeinthenetworkcansendandreceivesignals.Communicationbetweentherobotnodeandallwirelesssensornodesisachievedbytheuseofwirelesscommunicationmodule.Furthermore,therobotnode,alongwithnodesofotherfamilykthroughroutingfunctionFigure2.DiagramoftherobotnodeIV.SOFTWAREOFTHEMONITORINGSYSTEMA.RoutingProtocolInrespecttoroute,wehaveadoptedahybridwirelessroutingprotocolHWMP(HybridwirelessMESHprotocol)program,whichcombinesflexiblydynamicAODVroutingprotocol(AdhocOn-DemandDistanceVectorRouting)withquasi-statictreeroutingprotocol(TreeBasedRouting),tomakethenetworkwelladapttovariablecommunicationstatusinthewirelessenvironment.ThegreatestfeatureofHWMPisitstreeroutingmechanism,whichisverysuitableforroutinginthequasi-networkincourseofinitializationhasagraspoftheentirenetworktopology,iftherearedatatobesent,theyaretransmittedimmediatelyinaccordancewiththeroutingtable,greatlyresultinginlessdatadelay,whichisverypositivetoahigherreal-timebusinesslikevoicetransmission.B.SoftwareEstablishmentoftheMonitoringSystemSystemsoftwareincludes:initialization,theagenttableandtreeroutingtableupdate,routeforwarding,MACaddressingmechanism,andtreeroutingprotocoldesign.1)Systeminitialization.ThesystemistocompletetheinitializationofallnodesandaddresssettingsofrobotnodeandsensornodesandtosetupthedefaulttreeroutingtableandagenttabledagenttableupdateTheagenttablerecordsterminalMACaddressesofthenodesfollowed.TheroutingtableofanoderecordsMACaddressesoftnodesThefunctionsoftheagenttableinterfacearetoinsert,delete,andsearch.Onthereceiptofthedatapacketsfromparentnodes,theagentpointaddsthesourceaddressinthedatapacketsandtheaddressofthelastjumprespectivelyasaterminalMACaddressandtheaddressoftheagentpointintotheagenttable.Iftheaddressintheagenttablealreadyexists,itupdatesitslivingtime.Eachaddressinroutingtablemustidentifyitsnodetype,thatis,afathernodeoraparentnode.Allsensornodes,excepttherootnode(robotnode),haveafathernodeandseveralparentnodes.Thereisatimevalueineveryitemoftheagenttableandtheroutingtable,andtheyaticallydeletedafterovertimeddressingBythecombinationofroutingtableandtheagenttable,datacanbetransmittedandaddressed,theheaderofonlyfourMACaddress(lastjumpaddress,nextjumpaddress,terminalAddress,sourceaddress)isakeyissue.Theagenttablerecordstheassociatedterminaladdress.4)Treeroutingprotocoldesign.TreeroutingflowchartisinFigFigure3.TreeroutingflowchartAllofthenodesareinvolvedinthetreetopology,whichwillsetupspontaneouslyaftertheinitialization.Theprocessisasfollows:first,therobotnodeisselectedastheroot,whichinitiatestheprocessofcreatingthetreetopology.Thetreeroutingtableisupdatedatacertainperiod.Inthefirstprocess,eachpointestablishesitsowntreeroutingtableaccordingtotheinformationreceived.Eachnodemaintainsthetreeroutingtableofitsownnode,whichcontainsitsparentnodeaddressandthefathernodeaddress.Infollowingprocess,eachnodemaintainsthetopologyaccordingtothereceivedinformation,forexample,deletesinvalidnodes,andaddsnewnodes.Therootnode,asaspecialnode,maintainsroutingofeachnodeinthenetwork.V.EXPERIMENTALRESULTSA.VerificationofSystemPerformanceInthefamilysecurityrobotexperimentalverificationplatformweverifyandtesttheperformanceofvariouscomponentsoftheenvironmentalmonitoringsystem.Thepacketdeliveryratio(PDR)forthissimulationisshownFigure4.PacketdeliveryratioTheresultshowsthatthe25-nodeconfigurationcanachieveaPDRofapproximately90%oftheentiresimulation.The50-nodeconfigurationdoesnotperformaswellpossiblyduetomorecollisionsthatoccur.Fig.5showstheresultsfortheaverageend-to-enddelay.Figure5.Averageend-to-enddelayIngeneral,thenetworklatencyforthetwoconfigurationsisbelowsecondsafterthe5000secsimulations.Theabovefindingshaveindicatedthenodedensityinfluencetheperformanceof25-nodeconfigurationismoresuitableforthisbarnthan50-node.AnothermajorissueinZigBeeisenergyusage.TheZigBeetechnologyisdesignedtoworkwithverylowpowerconsumptionandthedevicesareassumedtobeworkingwithtwoAA/AAAoyearsB.ZigBeeNodeModuleAsshowninFig.6,ZigBeenodemodulethatwedevelopedashardwareplatformisusedtocarryoutthesensornodeprotocolalgorithminthispaper.Figure6.ZigBeenodemodule.VI.CONCLUSIONInthesystem,thetransmissionrangeoftheterminalnodesis70meters.Thisdistancecannotsatisfytherequirementsoffamily.Inordertoextendthecommunicationdistance,weincrease10relayroutesinthesystem.ByusingtheZigbeesolution,theusercanoperateseveralspotsinthecontrolcentersimultaneously.Thiswillprovidemoreaccurateandreliabletemperatureandhumiditydatatotheuser.Inthissystem,thecommunicationisbasedonwirelessnetworkwhichneedn’tthewiringworkandthepresenceoftheoperator.Additionally,thenodesarelower-powerdevices;theycanworkcontinuallyforseveralmonthsorevenoneyear.BasedonZigBeesensorwirelessnetwork,anenvironmentalmonitoringsystemofthefamilysecurityrobotisachieved.Wirelesssensornodesarefreetojoinandquit,controlandmonitorforconvenience.Theseadvantagesgreatlyimprovethemonitoringcapacityandenhancethesystem'srobustness.Thefamilyrobots,asnewelectronicproductsforconsumerwillcomeintothepeople'slives.Wirelesssensornetworkisthecurrentfocusoftheindustrialfield.However,asanewtechnology,ifwereallywanttobringtomankindatechnologicalrevolution,therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved,suchas,howtodesignlow-power,highlyreliable,intelligentZigBeesensorhowtoachievenetworksecurityandetc【Author】ChaoLV1,HuiLI1,JianfengMA1,MengZHAO21