26個(gè)字母發(fā)音規(guī)律

英語單詞直接拼讀法一、輔音字母的讀音規(guī)則c在字母e,i,y前讀/s/,如cell,cit'y,cyst；其余情況下讀/K/,如cat,club,code.g在字母e,i,y前讀/由/,如8?加，gin,gym；其余情況下讀/g/，如beg,golf,game.s多數(shù)情況下讀/s/,如six,desk,yes；有時(shí)讀/z/,如is,his,vis'it（讀/z/時(shí)可下畫一條橫線）x處于兩元音字母之間，且其后元音重讀時(shí)，讀/gz/,如exist'；其余情況下讀/ks/,如5僅,next,excuse'.q讀/k/,如Ir時(shí),NASDAQ（股票名）；常與字母u用在一起,qu讀/kw/,如quick,ques'tion.附：英語音標(biāo)單元音：i: i雙元音：ei ai濁輔音：bdglrj請(qǐng)輔音：ptk元音exooiduau輔音加v3w日f0A u9is e9 u9z3dzsftsa: o:u: s:mnqh輔音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則ch,tch讀/日/,如Chi'na,much；catch,matchph,gh讀/f/,如pho'to,phonesh讀/f/,如shape,she,short,fishth多數(shù)情況下讀/0/,如three,third但有時(shí)讀/3/,如that,than,with.（讀/3/時(shí)可下畫一wh在字母o前讀為/,如who,whom,亞卜?！?（其中的字母o讀/u:/）；其余情況下讀/w/,如亞員必，when,why.dg,dj讀/#/,如judge,lodg'ing；adjust',ad'jective.n在和字母g構(gòu)成字母組合時(shí)，以及處于讀/g/或/k/的字母前（如c,g,k等）讀/q/。如long,thing,length；un'cle,zinc；an'gry,fin'ger；drink,think,thank.gu 在元音前讀/g/,如guess,guide,guest；在字母n后讀/gw/,如lan'guage,distin'guish,lin'guist.字母n因?yàn)樘幱?g/音前而讀/q/.兩個(gè)讀同一一個(gè)音的字母并列時(shí)，只讀—一個(gè)，如lit'tle,miss,hill,hob'by；clock,neck,black；scene,sci'ence,scythe,excite',except'；accord'ing,accuse',occur'.元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音規(guī)則英語中有四類重讀音節(jié)：閉音節(jié)，開音節(jié)，r音節(jié)，re音節(jié)。閉音節(jié)指以輔音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)。元音字母a,e,i（y）,o,u在重讀閉音節(jié)中分別讀/史//e//i//。//a/,如hand,help,lip,gym,hot,club.開音節(jié) 指以元音字母、‘元音字母+啞e’或‘一個(gè)輔音字母+啞e’結(jié)尾的音節(jié)。后者也叫約定開音節(jié).元音字母a,e,i（y）,o,u在重讀開音節(jié)中分別讀/ei//i：//ai//au//ju:/（即讀字母名稱，但y讀/ai/）。如：a,face,make,age;he,mete,see,eve;I,hi,by,bye,time,type;go,home,stone,toe;cube,tube,use.但字母u在字母j,l,r后，讀/u:/,不讀心:/,如June,blue,rule.r音節(jié)指以字母r或'r+輔音字母’結(jié)尾的音節(jié)。在r音節(jié)中：ar讀/a:/,or讀/o：/,er,ir,yr,ur都讀/a:/。如：arm,far,start,large,Marx;or,for,cord,or'der;verb,her,serve；sir,first,dirt'y,cir'cle,myr'tle；hurt,nurse,return',mur'mur.注1. 雙r前的音節(jié)，是閉音節(jié)，不是r音節(jié)。如：car'ry,mar'ry,ber'ry,mir'ror,sor'ry,hur'ry.注2. 在/w，音后，ar讀/o:/,如war,warm,warn;or讀/a:/,如word,work,world,worse.re音節(jié)指元音字母與re結(jié)合而成的音節(jié)。在re音節(jié)中：are讀/ea/,ere讀/ia/,ire,yre讀/aia/,ore讀/o:/,ure讀/jua/。如:care,dare,rare,hare,prepare'；here,mere,severe'；fire,wire,tire,entire',tyre；more,fore,core,before'； cure,pure,endure'元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音規(guī)則a,o,u讀/a/，如Chi'na,sec'ond,difficult.e,i,y讀八/,如result',vic'tim,hap'py.ar,er,ir,or,ur,yr讀/a/,如gram'mar,let'ter,circum'ference,doc'tor,mur'mur,mar'tyr,persist',west'ern,east'ern.o,u處于詞末時(shí)分別讀/au/,/ju:/（即不弱化，按重讀音節(jié)規(guī)則讀）。如car'go,Ne'gro；men'u.u在多音節(jié)詞中，緊鄰重讀音節(jié)時(shí)，讀/ju/（即輕度弱化）。如reg'ular,pop'ular,mon'ument.a,i,y,u在多音節(jié)動(dòng)詞中，處于約定開音節(jié)結(jié)尾中，按重讀音節(jié)讀。如i'solate,ad'vertise,an'alyse,sub'stitute.y在多音節(jié)動(dòng)詞詞末不弱化，讀/ai/。如：sat'isfy,mal'tiply,oc'cupy元音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則au,aw 讀/。：/,如cause,au'ral,launch,sauce,law,dawn.eu,ew(iew)讀外4/,如neu'tral,deuce；new,view,review'.ou,ow 讀/2”,如house,loud；how,now,down.ai,ay 讀/?/如wait,aid；day,may.ei,ey 讀/?/如veil,weight；grey,they,convey'oi,oy 讀/。i/盤口choice,oil；boy,toy.ea,ee 讀/i/如eat,cheap；deep,need.ie,(c)ei 讀八/,如field,believe'；receive',ceil'ing.oa 讀/au/盤口road,soap,boat.ue 讀機(jī)：/,如Tues'day,val'ue,pursue'.air,aer 讀/ea/,如air,fair;aer'ial,aer'oplane?.ear,eer 讀/ia/如ear,clear；beer,deer.our 讀/aua/如our,sour,hour.oo1.讀/u/:在字母女前仆。。。。。^^。。和在good,foot,stood,wood,wool及其派生詞(good'ness,foot'ball,wool'en等)中讀/u/。.讀/u:/:在其余情況下讀/u:/,如:cool,food,loose,room,zoo..讀/a/:在flood,blood及其派生詞(flood'ing,blood'less等)中讀/a/.igh 讀/ai/或D high,light,might,night.augh,ough 讀/o:/,如 daugh'ter,caught,taught； ought,fought, thought。oul 在could,should,would中讀/u/o幾個(gè)非重讀后綴或字母組合的讀音規(guī)則a在后綴-ace,-ade,-age,-ate中讀八/,如pal'ace,com'rade,vil'lage,ac'curate.e在后綴-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中讀/a/,如cru'el,o'pen,stu'dent,si'lence,flu'ency.i在后綴-ible中讀/a/,如pos'sible.ai,ay,ei,ey在非重讀音節(jié)中一■般弱讀為/i/,如moun'tain,Fri'day,for'feit,val'ley.-ful 讀/依1/,如help'ful,harm'ful,use'ful.-gue 讀/8/,如di'alogue,cat'alogue.-que 讀/卜/,如cheque,pic'turesque'.-ous讀/as/盤口fa'mous,gen'erous,nerv'ous.-our讀/a/,如fa'vour,hon'our,la'bour.-ure 讀/。/,如fig'ure,injure.但在￡201代中讀/ja/.-ow讀/au/盤口win'dow,yel'low,pil'low.-ture 讀/爐a/,如pic'ture,cul'ture,fur'niture.-sure 在元音字母后讀/3a/,如clo'sure,expo'sure.在輔音字母后讀/Ja/，如pres'sure,flex'ure（x=ks）.-ion 讀/an/,如fash'ion,cush'ion.-tion 讀/Jan/如na'tion,produc'tion,solu'tion.-stion讀/s爐an/,如ques'tion,suges'tion,diges'tion.-sion 在元音字母后讀/3an/,如vi'sion,occa'sion,divi'sion;在輔音字母后讀/Jan/,如discus'sion,impres'sion,expan'sion.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi在字母a,e,o前讀/J/,如: o'cean; so'cial；A'sia；par'tial；Egyp'tian；suffi'cient;pa'tient；pre'cious；Rus'sian;an'xious.-i在字母d,t,n,l后，且在元音字母前，讀/j/。如au'dience,fron'tier,opin'ion,famil'iar.-ed（過去式后綴）在清輔音后讀 /t/,如：worked,jumped,missed.在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/,如：robbed,begged；played,stud'ied.在字母d,t后讀 /id/,如：need'ed,plant'ed.-（e）s（名詞或動(dòng)詞詞尾）在清輔音后讀 /s/,如：desks,lamps,looks.在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/,如:pigs,pens,plays,goes.在/巾，爐,J,z,s/等音后讀/iz/,如:urg'es,watch'es,wish'es,rises,fac'es.重讀符號(hào)單音節(jié)詞單讀時(shí)都重讀，不需要用重讀符號(hào)標(biāo)注。雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞中，有的音節(jié)是重讀音節(jié)，有的則是非重讀音節(jié),重讀音節(jié)就要用重讀符號(hào)標(biāo)注。有些單詞中，除重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)外，還有次重讀音節(jié)，也需要用重讀符號(hào)標(biāo)注。2.在單詞上直接標(biāo)音時(shí)，重讀符號(hào)（'）標(biāo)在重讀音節(jié)的后上方（如read'ing）；次重音符號(hào)（|）標(biāo)在次重讀音節(jié)的后下方（如emgineer'）。請(qǐng)注意：直接標(biāo)音法的重讀符號(hào)，還具有分音節(jié)的作用，如stu'dent和stud'y,stu'是開音節(jié)，而stud'是閉音節(jié)，故字母u的讀法不同（見1.3.1和1.3.2）。啞音符號(hào)（.）可用來指出不讀音的字母。標(biāo)注了這個(gè)符號(hào)的字母，讀音時(shí)可視若其無，其余的字母仍按前述讀音規(guī)則讀音。詳見2.2.1,2.2.2,2.2.3,2.2.4.（1）不讀音的輔音字母。例如：knife,lamb,au'tumn, write, psychol'ogy,pneumo'nia,exhib'it,rhyme,whis'tie,lis'ten,hour.(2)不讀音的元音字母。例如：heart,e arn,le arn,e ar'ly,ye ar,d oor,floor,ro ar, bo ard,co arse,ho arse, fo ur,pour,course,touch,coun'try,friend,build,young,peo'ple,though,oweeye.(3)因強(qiáng)度弱化而不讀音的元音字母。例如：vi't al,fi'n al, short'en,les'sen,lev'el,chan'n el,dev' il, civ' il,es's on,cot't on,cer'tain,cur'tain,poi'sonous,different,in'teresting.(4) ‘啞e’一般可以不用啞音符號(hào)，但容易引起混淆時(shí)仍需使用。例如：amuse' amuse'ment shameshamed becide' becides3.提醒符號(hào)()用于：1.提醒發(fā)濁音，見2.3.1；.提醒發(fā)音不符合前述讀音規(guī)則，見2.3.2,2.2.3,2.2.4;.提醒其讀音標(biāo)在單詞后面，見2.3.5.⑴提醒s,th,x,f發(fā)濁音/z/,/3/,/gz/,/v/。例如：vis'it,his,is；that,with,fur'ther,gath'er；exist',exam';of.(2)提醒在非重讀音節(jié)中a,o,u不讀/a/,而讀/i/。例如：char'acter,lit'erature,tem'perature； hy'drogen;min'ute.(3)提醒e,i,y不讀/i/,而讀/a/。例如:can'cel；A'pril,hol'iday；anal'ysis(4)提醒在e,i,y前g不讀用/,而讀/g/。例如：get,gift,give,girl,begin',forget',tar'get.(5)提醒該字母(組合)的讀音用國際音標(biāo)標(biāo)注在單詞后邊。例如：machine'/J/,chef/J/,gar'age/3/,regime'/3/,fortune/j/,u'sual/3/,proce'dure/#/,sol'dier/#/,suite/w/,persuade'/w/,dissuade'/w/,clerk/a:/, sew/au/, sew'ing/au/,su g′er/J /, su re /J /, bus'y/i/, bus'ily/i/,bur'y/e/,bur'ial/e/,one/wAn/.2.4四類重讀音節(jié)符號(hào)閉音節(jié)符號(hào)(V)： a,e,i(y),o,u分別讀/x//e//i//o //a/。開音節(jié)符號(hào)()：a,e,i(y),o,u 分別讀 /ei//i://ai//a u//ju:/。r音節(jié)符號(hào)( )：ar 讀/a:/,or 讀/o :/ ,er , ir (yr ),ur 讀/a :/。re音節(jié)符號(hào)( )：ar e 讀/ea /,ere 讀/ia /, ir e(yre)讀/aia /, or e讀/o:/, ure/讀/jua/.這些符號(hào)主要用于標(biāo)注讀音規(guī)則的例外和區(qū)分容易混淆的音節(jié)，詳見225,226,227,228。有時(shí)在非重讀音節(jié)中元音不弱化，而按重讀音節(jié)讀，這時(shí)就要用到這些符號(hào)。例如：con'cept,Octo'ber,adult'hotel',fe'male,biol'ogyex'pert,cor'ridor,sub'urbem'pire,at'mosphere,soft'waredur a'tion,envir onmen'al,period'icr音節(jié)和re音節(jié)容易混淆，有時(shí)要用r音節(jié)符號(hào)和re音節(jié)符號(hào)來區(qū)分。例如：ver'y,Amer'ica,mer'it,for'est,spir'it;var'y,her'o,vir'us,or'al,dur'ingscarce,scarce'ly,scar'city有時(shí)開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)需要用相應(yīng)符號(hào)來區(qū)分。例如：giv'e,liv'e,hav'e；condi'tion,vi'sion,spe'cial,deficient；typ'ist,spacing,ston'y,wholly,strik'ing,ninth；change,strange,chamber；co!d,bolt,roll,gross,moat,bofih,on'ly,control;find,mind,child,mild.字母e在re,ar,ir前有時(shí)讀/e/,這時(shí)也可用閉音節(jié)符號(hào)標(biāo)注。例如：where,there,wear,tear,their*2.5 幾個(gè)直接標(biāo)音符號(hào) 用來標(biāo)注元音的特殊讀音。詳見2.5.1,2.5.2,2.5.3,2.5.4.a=/a:/：ask,dance,af'ter,bath,calm,calf,grass,chance,demand',enhance',craft,draft,staff,fa'ther,last,path,rath'er,pa lm,ha lf,exam'ple,beha lf',aunt,laugh,laugh'ter.i=/i:/:li'ter,kil'o,antique',fatigue',marine',mosqufto,routine',magazine',au'tomobile.u=/u:/:fluid,ru'in,feuit,fruit'fUl,juice,cruise,suit,routine',group,wound,soup,route,youth,youth'fUlo=/u:/:do,un'do',to,two,who,whom,whose,move,move'ment,remove',remov'al,prove,improve,improve'ment,approve,approv'al,lose,shoe.u=/u/:bush,bul'let,bul'letin,butch'er,cru'el,cru'elty,full,full'y,ful'fill,pull,pul'ley,push,put.o=/u/on'do,in'to,wo'man,wolf,con'tour,poor.e=/i/: ide'a,ideal,rec'ipe,the'orem,Eng'lish,pret'ty,re'al,muse'um,the'ory.2.6借用國際音標(biāo)直接標(biāo)音為了便于記憶有時(shí)可把相應(yīng)的國際音標(biāo)標(biāo)注在字母上面,詳見2.6.2,2.6.3,2.6.4,2.6.5.在個(gè)別情況下，字母a讀/e/。這時(shí)就可把國際音標(biāo)/e/標(biāo)在字母a上。例如：an'y,man'y,says,said.在/w/音后，字母..有時(shí)讀/。/。這時(shí)就可把/。/標(biāo)在a上。例如：want,wash,watch,watch,wan'der,wal'let,watt,kil'owatt,swal'low,what；qual'ity,qual'itative,quan'tity,quan'titative,quar'rel,e'qual,equal'ity.在字母l和d前，字母a有時(shí)讀/。：/.這時(shí)可將。：標(biāo)在字母a上。例如：all,al'most,ball.call,fall,hall,tall,wall,stall,install',recall',small,halt,salt,al'so,al'ter,al'ways,alread'y,altogeth'er,although',alter'nate,alter'native,wa'ter,false,chalk,talk,walk,abroad,broad,broad'cast,broad'en.字母。有時(shí)讀/a/。這時(shí)也可將/a/標(biāo)在其上。例如：come,become,com'fort,com'fomtable,com'pany,compul'sary,discomfort,front,confront',hon'ey,lo俞e,Mon'day,mon'ey,mon'key,month,none,some,tongue,broth'