鐘表中英文對(duì)照術(shù)語(yǔ)表

-.z鐘表中英文對(duì)照術(shù)語(yǔ)表，希望對(duì)各位表迷有所幫助10J-10天動(dòng)力儲(chǔ)藏Abbreviationfor

10dayspowerreserve

inthePatekPhilippetypology.在百達(dá)翡麗而言是"10dayspowerreserve-10天動(dòng)力儲(chǔ)藏〞的縮寫。24H-24小時(shí)表盤Abbreviationfor"24-hourdial",inthePatekPhilippetypology.在百達(dá)翡麗而言是"24-hourdial-24小時(shí)表盤〞的縮寫。Amplitude-擺幅Measurementindegreesofthemovementofabalanceandspringassembly:amplitudeistheanglebetweenthepositionofequilibriumanditsma*imumelongation.測(cè)量擺輪游絲裝置的擺動(dòng)角度：擺幅即是游絲裝置的平衡位置與最大距角之間的角度。Analogue-指針式時(shí)間顯示Referstotimedisplayusinghands.指采用指針來(lái)顯示時(shí)間。Aperture-視窗、孔徑Dialopeningrevealingtheindicationsprovidedondiscsrotatingunderthedial.表盤上的開孔，可看見(jiàn)表盤下的轉(zhuǎn)盤的顯示信息。Applique-鑲刻Raisednumeralorhour-marker,appliedtoorrivetedtothedial.AtPatekPhilippe,appliquesarealwaysingoldandaresometimesdiamond-set.固定在表盤上的凸起數(shù)字或時(shí)間刻度。百達(dá)翡麗鐘表的鑲刻通常用金打造，有時(shí)亦會(huì)鑲嵌鉆石。Appropriage-拋磨修整AnactivitycarriedoutbytheGrandComplicationsworkshop.Thewatchmakersthemselvesperformcertainfinishingoperationssuchaspolishingsteelpartsorchamferingbridges.頂級(jí)復(fù)雜功能〔GrandComplications〕作坊從事的一項(xiàng)工作。制表師親自進(jìn)展一些修正操作，如磨光鋼部件和斜切橋板等。Aquanaut-Aquanaut系列AcollectioninspiredbytheNautilus,createdin1996.Itisdistinguishedbythecomple*ityofitscaseshape,equippedwithascrew-downcrown,framingasuperblyfinishedblackte*tureddial.Aquanautwatchesareavailableinthreesizes(small,mediumandlarge)andintwoversions(goldandsteel),ona"Tropical"compositestrapormetalbracelet.始創(chuàng)于1996年的腕表系列，靈感來(lái)自Nautilus系列。Aquanaut系列表以綜合的表殼形狀、旋入式表冠，精雕細(xì)琢的黑色紋理表盤為特色。該系列腕表分為大、中、小三種尺寸，并有金和不銹鋼兩種材質(zhì)，表帶則有"Tropical〞合成帶和金屬鏈。Arabic-阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字Usualwayofshowingthenumerals.Arabicnumerals:..9.0.AsopposedtoRomannumerals:I,II,III...顯示數(shù)字的常用方式，阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、0，分別對(duì)應(yīng)羅馬數(shù)字I、II、III……Arm-臂桿Elongatedpartlinkingcertainpartsofamechanismwithinamovement(suchasthearmofawheel,fore*ample).連接機(jī)芯*些裝置的狹長(zhǎng)部件〔如齒輪的臂桿等〕。ArtDeco-裝飾藝術(shù)AnartisticmovementstemmingfromtheDecorativeArtsE*hibitioninParisin1925,whichassertsatasteforstraightlinesandthegeometricalinterpretationofnature'sforms.一項(xiàng)源自1925年巴黎裝飾藝術(shù)博覽會(huì)〔DecorativeArtsE*hibition〕的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，主以直線與幾何形狀表達(dá)自然之美。Attachment-表耳、凸耳See

Horns.參見(jiàn)"Horns-表耳〞的解釋。Back-底蓋Thelowerpartofthecase,fi*edbeneaththecasemiddle.Thecase,eitherinmetalorinsapphirecrystaltorevealthemovement,maybeofthescrew-down,snap-on,screw-onorhingeddustcovertype.Screw-downback:thebackandthecasemiddlearerespectivelyfittedwithascrewthreadandthusscrewedtoeachother.Snap-onback:thebackisheldontothecasemiddlebypressure.Screw-onbackthebackisheldontothecasemiddlebyfourscrews.Hingeddustcover:thesapphirecrystalisheldontothecasemiddlebypressure,andthedustcoverishingedtothecasemiddle,enablingonetorevealthemovement.OnPatekPhilippewatches,thebackmayalsobeintegratedwiththecasemiddle.Onthosekindofmodels,thewatchisequippedwithamovementwitha"splitstem".表殼下半局部，固定在表殼中心下面。無(wú)論底蓋是金屬材質(zhì)或是可展示機(jī)芯的藍(lán)寶石水晶，均可采用旋入式、撳扣式螺絲固定或鉸接式防塵表蓋的結(jié)合方式。旋入式底蓋：底蓋和表殼中心通過(guò)螺紋接合，因此可以相互旋緊。撳扣式底蓋：通過(guò)壓力將底蓋固定到表殼中心。螺絲底蓋：通過(guò)四個(gè)螺釘將底蓋固定到表殼中心。鉸鏈?zhǔn)椒缐m蓋：通過(guò)壓力將藍(lán)寶石水晶底蓋固定到表殼中心，然后將防塵表蓋鉸接到表殼中心，可以翻開來(lái)觀察機(jī)芯。百達(dá)翡麗鐘表的底蓋亦可以與表殼中心融為一起。這類鐘表的機(jī)芯都配有"拼合柄軸〞。Baguette-方鉆、長(zhǎng)矩形寶石Agemstonecut.一種寶石車工。Balanceandspringassembly-擺輪和游絲裝置Theregulatingorganofamechanicalmovement.Thebalanceandspringassembly,composedofabalanceandabalance-spring,oscillatesundertheimpetusoftheescapement.InPatekPhilippewatches,balanceandspringassembliesaregenerallyoftheGynoma*type.機(jī)械機(jī)芯的調(diào)校機(jī)構(gòu)。擺輪游絲裝置由擺輪和游絲構(gòu)成，在擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)的推動(dòng)下擺動(dòng)。百達(dá)翡麗鐘表的擺輪游絲裝置通常為Gyroma*類型。Balanceroller-擺輪軸Disc-shapedescapementcomponent.Thebalancerollerreceivestheimpulsesfromthepalletsviaitsimpulse-pin.盤狀擒縱部件。擺輪滾軸通過(guò)沖擊銷來(lái)接收擒縱叉的沖擊。Balance-cock-擺輪夾板Synonymouswithabalance-bridge.Thebalance-cockhasaspecialshape,fromwhichitgetsitsname,whichrevealsthebalance.同擺輪橋板。擺輪夾板的形狀特殊，由其英文名稱可知，那是與擺輪有關(guān)的局部。Balance-spring-擺輪游絲、游絲Smallspringcoiledintoaspiral,anintegralpartofthebalanceandspringassembly.卷成盤狀的小彈簧，是擺輪游絲裝置的組成局部。Ball-bearingmechanism-滾珠軸承機(jī)件Mechanicaldeviceenablingtwopartstorollovereachotherinsteadofsliding.可使兩個(gè)部件互相滾動(dòng)而非互相滑動(dòng)的機(jī)械裝置。Barrel-發(fā)條鼓、發(fā)條匣Thepartofamechanicalmovementthatenablestheaccumulationofenergy.Thebarreliscomposedofawheelanddrum(cylindricalcase)withacover.Ithousesthemainspringwhichcoilsaroundthebarrelarborundertheimpetusoftheratchetwheel.機(jī)械機(jī)芯的部件之一，可以積累動(dòng)力。發(fā)條鼓由齒輪和鼓形帶蓋的圓筒〔條鼓輪〕構(gòu)成。發(fā)條鼓裝著主發(fā)條，在大鋼輪的推動(dòng)力下纏繞在條軸上。Barrelarbor-條軸Thestemaroundwhichthemainspringcoils.主發(fā)條纏繞的軸心。Barreldrum-條鼓輪Thelateralwallofthebarrel,fittedwithahooktoreceivethemainspring.發(fā)條鼓的側(cè)壁，裝有一個(gè)彎鉤以固定主發(fā)條。Baseplate-底板Centralplateofthemovement,madeinbrassornickelsilver,onwhichthemovementcomponentsareassembled.Theuppersideofthebaseplateisthesidefacingthecasebackwhichreceivesthemovementorgans.Theundersideofthebaseplateisthesidefacingthedial.機(jī)芯的中央板，通常為黃銅或鎳銀制成，機(jī)芯組件在此底板上組裝。底板的上面對(duì)著表殼底蓋，用于安裝機(jī)芯機(jī)件，而底板的下面則對(duì)著表盤。Baton-巴頓式指針Referstohourmarkersorhandsfeaturingtheelongatedshapeofabaton.指條形時(shí)間刻度或指針。Bauhaus-包豪斯AGermanschoolofarchitectureandappliedarts,renownedforhavinginitiatedtheartisticmovementwhichholdsthatfunctiondeterminesform.TheBauhauswasfoundedin1919byWalterGropiusinWeimar.德國(guó)建筑與應(yīng)用藝術(shù)學(xué)院，以發(fā)動(dòng)藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)而聞名。他們的觀點(diǎn)是功能決定形式。包豪斯學(xué)院于1919年由格羅皮烏斯在德國(guó)瑪創(chuàng)立。Benzine-苯精、輕質(zhì)汽油Ahydrocarbonwithsolventproperties.具有溶解特性的碳?xì)浠衔铩ezel-表框Upperpartofthecasewhichholdstheglass.Itisfi*edabovethecasemiddle.表殼上半局部，用于固定表鏡。安裝在表殼中心之上。Bienfacture-優(yōu)質(zhì)ASwisswordwithFrenchroots(basicallymeaning"tomakewell")whichreferstothegoodqualityofapieceofworkoranobject.來(lái)源于法語(yǔ)的瑞士語(yǔ)單詞〔大意為"做得很好〞〕，指一件高質(zhì)量的作品或物品。Binocularmagnifyingglass-雙筒放大鏡Instrumentdegrossissementoptiquequicomportedeu*oculairesoulentillesetpermetderegarderaveclesdeu*yeu*enmêmetemps.一個(gè)有雙目鏡的光學(xué)放大鏡，使人可以同時(shí)用雙眼觀察。Blue-藍(lán)油Aprotectivevarnishusedtocoatallpartsofthecaseandmetalbraceletafterpolishing.保護(hù)性清漆，用于涂敷所有磨光后的表殼部件和金屬表鏈。Bracket-托架Akindofsupportorrest.一種支撐物或支架。Brass-黃銅Alloyofcopperandzinc.銅鋅合金。Breguet-寶璣Abraham-LouisBreguet:SwisswatchmakerestablishedinParis(1747-1823),whoseinventionsincludethetourbillonescapement.Breguetnumerals:numeralsdesignedbyA.-LouisBreguet,adoptedbyPatekPhilippeoncertaindials.Breguethands:hollowed-tiphandsdesignedbyA.-LouisBreguet,adoptedbyPatekPhilippeoncertainwatchmodels.Bridge-橋板Movementpartfi*edtothebaseplate,inwhichthepivotofmobilepartsturn.Generallyspeaking,bridgesarenamedafterthemobilepartstheycarry.Amongtheeasiesttorecogniseisthebalance-cock.固定在底板上的機(jī)芯部件，移動(dòng)部件的樞軸在其中轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。一般而言，橋板根據(jù)它所承載的移動(dòng)部件來(lái)命名，其中最容易識(shí)別的橋板就是擺輪夾板。Brilliant-多面型Themostwidelyusedcutfordiamonds.Itcomprises57facets,meaning1tablesurroundedwith32facetsforthecrownand24fortheculet.鉆石最常見(jiàn)的車工，共有57個(gè)琢面，即冠部的一個(gè)臺(tái)面有32個(gè)琢面圍繞，鉆底則有24個(gè)琢面。Burin-雕刻刀、鏨刀Engraver'schisel.雕刻師的工具。Byzantine-拜占庭風(fēng)格Styleofchainbracelet,madefromgoldthreads.ThistypeofbraceletisfoundontheGoldenEllipse4931/2watch.由金線制成的表鏈樣式。GoldenEllipse編號(hào)4931/2腕表就采用這種表鏈。C-日歷Abbreviationfor"calendar〞=simpledate=simplecalendarinthePatekPhilippetypology.在百達(dá)翡麗而言是"calendar-日歷〞的縮寫=簡(jiǎn)單日期=簡(jiǎn)單日歷。Cabled-纜線式指針Referstoahandshapedlikeacable.形狀如纜線的指針。Calatrava-Calatrava系列AnemblematicandquintessentiallyclassicPatekPhilippecollectionsince1932.Thelinesofthistimelesswatchwitharoundcaseformenandladies,aredirectlyinspiredbytheBauhausartisticmovement.Featuringabezelthatmaybeflat,round,gem-setoradornedwithahobnailpattern,thewatchitselfmaybeultra-thinorfittedwithacoverprotectingthesapphirecaseback.百達(dá)翡麗自1932年一直沿用的經(jīng)典系列表。這一經(jīng)久不衰的男/女手表系列均有圓形表殼，設(shè)計(jì)靈感直接來(lái)自包豪斯藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。表框既可為扁平、圓形、鑲有寶石，也可飾以平頭釘圖案，表型即可為超薄型，又可配有表蓋以保護(hù)藍(lán)寶石底蓋。Calendar-日歷Acomplicationthatprovidesthevariousindicationsoftheconventionalcalendarsuchasthedate,thedate,theweek,themonthandtheyear.PatekPhilippewatchesinclude:Simplecalendars:theygivethedatethroughanapertureorbymeansofahand,indicatingthenumberofthedayfrom1to31withinthemonth.Theymustbemanuallyadjustedattheendof30-daymonthsandattheendofFebruary.Annualcalendar:acompletecalendar(day,dateandmonth),patentedin1996,whichrequiresasinglemanualadjustmenteachyear,attheendofFebruary.Perpetualcalendars,whichtakeaccountofmonthlyvariations,includingthoseofleapyears,untiltheyear2100(thene*tcenturyyearnotdivisibleby400).Thesecularperpetualcalendar,whichtakesaccountofallthevariablesinourcalendar,includingthatofcenturyyearsnotdivisibleby400.Thisisthemostsophisticatedcalendarine*istence.ItpowerscertainpocketwatchessuchastheCalibre89.復(fù)雜功能之一，提供各種傳統(tǒng)日歷顯示，如日期、星期、月、年等。百達(dá)翡麗表的日歷分為：簡(jiǎn)單日歷：透過(guò)視窗或借助指針顯示每月1至31號(hào)的日期數(shù)字。在小月〔只有30天〕和二月完畢時(shí)，必須手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)日期。年歷：1996年獲得專利的完整日歷〔星期、日期和月份〕顯示技術(shù)，每年只需在二月完畢時(shí)手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)一次。萬(wàn)年歷：考慮到月份的變化〔包括閏年的月份〕，可顯示至2100年〔不能被400整除的下一個(gè)世紀(jì)年〕。長(zhǎng)久萬(wàn)年歷：考慮到日歷中的所有變化，包括不能被400整除的世紀(jì)年份。這是現(xiàn)有最復(fù)雜的日歷技術(shù)，增大*些懷表〔如Calibre89〕的功能。Cam-凸輪Adiscwithaspecialprofileonwhichasprungleverrests.輪廓特殊的盤，支撐彈性扳手。Cannon-pinion-卡農(nóng)小齒輪Inamovement,thepinionthatcontrolsthemotion-work(thegeartrainthatdrivesthehour,minuteandsecondshands).在機(jī)芯中控制運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)件〔驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)針、分針和秒針的齒輪系〕的小齒輪。Carat-K〔黃金〕、克拉〔寶石〕Aunitofthegoldpurityinde*forgoldalloys.Pureorfinegoldweighs24carats.Watchesandjewelleryarecraftedfrom18-carator750gold,analloycontaining18/24thsor75%ofpuregold.金制品的黃金純度單位。純金為24K。手表和珠寶工藝品使用18K或750金，即含金量為18/24或75%的合金。寶石的重量單位。1克拉等于0.2克。Case-表殼Thewatchcaseisgenerallycomposedofthreeparts:thecasemiddle,thebezelandthecaseback.表殼通常由三局部構(gòu)成：即表殼中心、表框和底蓋。Casemiddle-表殼中心Themiddlepartofthecase,placedbetweenthebezelandtheback.Ithousesthemovement.表殼的中心局部，位于表框和底蓋之間。用于容納機(jī)芯。Casing-ring-表殼襯圈Ringsurroundingthemovementandholdingitinsidethecase.環(huán)繞機(jī)芯并將機(jī)芯固定在表殼的襯圈。Cathedral-教堂音簧See"gong".參見(jiàn)"gong-音簧〞的解釋。Celestialcanopy-天文圖Complicationthatprovidesarepresentationofthesky,asitmaybeobservedatnight.Alsoknownasskychart,itenablesonetofollowthepositionsofthestarsandthatofthemoonandtovisualisethevariousphases.顯示天相的復(fù)雜功能，也稱為天文星圖。人們可以跟蹤星星和月亮的位置，并目測(cè)各種月相。CH-計(jì)時(shí)腕表Abbreviationfor

Chronograph

inthePatekPhilippetypology.百達(dá)翡麗表中"Chronograph-計(jì)時(shí)腕表〞的縮寫。Chainbracelet-鏈條狀表鏈Abraceletforwhichthelinksareproducedonebyonefromagoldwire.通過(guò)金線一個(gè)接一個(gè)連接起來(lái)的表鏈。Chamfering-倒角Cuttingandpolishinganedgebetweenthesurfaceandtheflankofcertainmovementparts,foraestheticpurposes.Chamferingunderscorestheshapeofapartand,oncethecomponentsareassembled,thelightplaysovertheminane*tremelyattractiveway.Chamferingisatermusedinwatchmaking,aswellasinmarquetry-workandcabinet-making.出于美觀，對(duì)*些機(jī)芯部件的外表與側(cè)面之間的棱邊進(jìn)展切削和拋光。倒角強(qiáng)調(diào)部件的形狀，組件裝配起來(lái)后，部件將反射出迷人的光輝。倒角一詞用于制表業(yè)以及鑲嵌細(xì)工和家具木工。Champlevé-雕刻琺瑯、填琺瑯Handengravingtechnique.Champlevéconsistsofhollowingoutametalplatewithaflatgraver,thusformingsmallcavitiestoreceivetheenamel.一種手工雕刻工藝。使用扁平的雕刻刀挖空金屬，形成小空腔以填充琺瑯。Chenier(orknuckle)-鉸鏈〔或關(guān)節(jié)〕Smalltubeintowhichoneinsertsapintoformahinge.小管件，部可插入銷針，從而形成折葉。CHR-追針計(jì)時(shí)、雙秒針?lè)侄斡?jì)時(shí)Abbreviationof"Splitsecondschronograph〞inthePatekPhilippetypology.在百達(dá)翡麗而言是"Splitsecondschronograph-追針計(jì)時(shí)、雙秒針?lè)侄斡?jì)時(shí)〞的縮寫。Chronograph-計(jì)時(shí)腕表Watchcomplicationenablingmeasurementofthedurationofanevent.Aclassicchronographcomprisesachronographorsecondshandcirclingthedialandanotherhandaddinguptheminutesonacounterortotaliser.Somehaveadditionalcounters.Becarefulnottoconfuseachronographwithachronometer!鐘表的復(fù)雜功能之一，用于測(cè)量*一事件的持續(xù)時(shí)間。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的計(jì)時(shí)腕表由計(jì)時(shí)或圍繞表盤旋轉(zhuǎn)的秒針以及另一支指針組成，用以累加計(jì)數(shù)器或加法器上的分鐘數(shù)。有些計(jì)時(shí)腕表帶有額外的計(jì)數(shù)器。注意不要將計(jì)時(shí)腕表與精細(xì)計(jì)時(shí)器混淆。Chronometer-精細(xì)計(jì)時(shí)器Awatchfeaturinghighprecisioncertifiedbyanofficialbody.InSwitzerland,ratingcertificatesaregranted,onaone-by-onebasis,bytheCOSC(SwissOfficialChronometerTestingInstitue).Becarefulnottoconfuseachronometerwithachronograph!高精度獲得官方機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)證的鐘表。在瑞士，由COSC〔瑞士官方天文表測(cè)試組織〕逐一授予等級(jí)證明書。注意不要將計(jì)時(shí)腕表與精細(xì)計(jì)時(shí)器混淆。Circulargraining-旋轉(zhuǎn)式打圈圖案Decoratingthesurfaceofbridgesandplateswithinterlacingcircularmotifs(liketilesonaroof).Circulargrainingisperformedusingaroundabrasivepolisher.用穿插環(huán)狀圖紋〔如同屋頂上的瓦片〕裝飾橋板和主機(jī)板的外表。旋轉(zhuǎn)式打圈圖案采用圓形研磨拋光機(jī)進(jìn)展。Circularsatinfinish-旋轉(zhuǎn)式打圈磨光效果Formingfinecircularlinesonthesurfaceofcertainbrassornickelsilverparts,foraestheticpurposes.Acircularsatinfinishisachievedusingahandlatheoremerypaper.出于美觀，在*些銅或鎳銀部件外表塑造精細(xì)的環(huán)線。旋轉(zhuǎn)式打圈磨光效果采用手搖車窗或砂紙進(jìn)展。CITES-CITES公約ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofwildfaunaandflora.Thisagreementbetweennationsisintendedtoensurethatinternationaltradeinspecimensofwildplantsandanimalsdoesnotthreatenthesurvivalofthespeciestowhichtheybelong.PatekPhilippewatchstrapsaremadefromtheleatheroffarmedanimalssubjecttotheCITES.即"瀕危野生動(dòng)植物種國(guó)際貿(mào)易公約"。此項(xiàng)國(guó)際公約旨在確保國(guó)際野生動(dòng)植物樣本貿(mào)易不會(huì)對(duì)這些野生動(dòng)植物所屬物種的生存造成威脅。受CITES公約的規(guī)限，百達(dá)翡麗表的表帶均采用飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的皮革制作。CL-天文圖Abbreviationfor

Celestialcanopy

(orskychart)inthePatekPhilippetypology.在百達(dá)翡麗而言是"Celestialcanopy(orskychart)-天文圖〔或天文星圖〕〞的縮寫。Cloisonné-景泰藍(lán)See"Enamel〞.參見(jiàn)"Enamel-琺瑯〞的解釋。ClousdeParis-巴黎釘紋圖案See"Hobnailpattern".參見(jiàn)"Hobnailpattern-平頭釘圖案〞的解釋。CNC-電腦數(shù)值控制AcronymforComputerisedNumericalControl.是"ComputerisedNumericalControl-電腦數(shù)值控制〞的縮寫。Column-wheel-導(dǎo)柱輪Centralelementofthesplitsecondschronographmechanismwhichgivesthevariousparts(operating-leverhook,hammer,couplingleverandbrake)theirappropriatepositions.追針計(jì)時(shí)機(jī)件的主要元件，使不同部件〔操作桿鉤、錘、連動(dòng)桿和制動(dòng)器〕處于各自適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?。Comet'stail-彗尾Referstoaflawone*teriorparts:materialslightlyhollowedaroundatinyburr.指外部組件的瑕疵：小毛邊周圍的輕微凹陷材料。Consecutive-連續(xù)Relatingtoasequence,awellorderedsuccession(asopposedtosimultaneous).與序列有關(guān)，按順序的連續(xù)性〔與"同時(shí)〞相對(duì)〕。Corrector-校正器Buttonintegratedwithinthecasemiddle,whichispressedusingthesettingstylustoadjustcertainspecificfunctions.結(jié)合在表殼中心的按鈕。使用撥針按該按鈕，可以調(diào)節(jié)假設(shè)干特殊功能。COSC-COSC瑞士官方時(shí)計(jì)測(cè)定局SwissOfficialChronometerTestingInstitute瑞士官方時(shí)計(jì)測(cè)定局〔SwissOfficialChronometerTestingInstitute〕的縮寫。Counter-計(jì)數(shù)器Inaclassicchronograph,asubdialindicatingthetimeelapsedinminutes.Therearealsocountersforhoursorfractionsofasecond.在經(jīng)典的計(jì)時(shí)腕表中，以分鐘表示時(shí)間流逝的小表盤。此外，還有表示小時(shí)或幾分之一秒的計(jì)數(shù)器。Crown-表冠Abutton(whichisoftenfluted),operatedbetweenthethumbandforefingerthatispulledintovariouspositionsandturned,generallytosetthetimeoradjustthedate.Onmechanicalwatches,thecrown(orwindingcrown)alsoservestowindthemovement.See:Windingcrown.通常帶有槽溝的按鈕，用拇指與食指將其拉到不同位置，并向不同方向并旋轉(zhuǎn)，一般用于設(shè)定時(shí)間或調(diào)校日期。機(jī)械表上的表冠〔或上弦表冠〕還可用于給機(jī)芯上弦。參見(jiàn)"上弦表冠〞。Cut-車工Gemstonecut:anessentialelementinhighlightingthestones.Theproportionschosendeterminethreephysicalphenomena:internalreflection,diffractionordispersion,andscintillationoffire.Professionalshaveestablishedascaleforevaluationthequalityofcuts.PatekPhilippeusesonlythebest,referredtoas"verygood"and"e*cellent".寶石車工：突出寶石光華的重要工藝。所選擇的比例決定三種物理現(xiàn)象——部反射、衍射或散射以閃爍或光榮。專業(yè)人士已設(shè)立評(píng)估車工質(zhì)量的等級(jí)。百達(dá)翡麗只會(huì)采用最好的——被評(píng)為"優(yōu)良〞和"出色〞的車工。Cuttingtheteeth-切割齒輪AchievingashapebycuttingoutonaComputerisedNumericalControlmachineorbystamping/pressing.這項(xiàng)操作須采用銑刀完成。銑刀可進(jìn)展兩項(xiàng)操作：旋轉(zhuǎn)操作，切割齒輪和小齒輪；以及縱向操作〔沿移動(dòng)部件的中軸方向〕。機(jī)芯Originallysynonymouswithsizeordimensions.Watchmakersthenbegantousethetermtorefertothemovement.PatekPhilippehas15basecalibres.Theyareusedeitherastheyareortoserveasa

base

foradditionaldevelopmentsorfunctions.Therearethus38differentcalibresforwristwatchesand6forpocketwatchesinregularproductionwithintheManufacture.原義是大小或尺寸，后來(lái)被制表師引申為機(jī)芯。百達(dá)翡麗有17種根底機(jī)芯，它們既可以作為一般機(jī)芯使用，也可以作為"根底〞機(jī)芯，在其根底上增添新技術(shù)或新功能。因此，在制造商的常規(guī)生產(chǎn)中，腕表有38種機(jī)芯，而懷表有6種機(jī)芯。DateofEaster-復(fù)活節(jié)日期ComplicationthatdisplaysthedateofEasteraccordingtothisrule:thefirstSundayafterthefullmoonwhichfollowsthespringequino*.ThepatentedmechanismishousedwithintheCalibre89watch.根據(jù)以下規(guī)則顯示復(fù)活節(jié)日期的復(fù)雜功能：春分后滿月之后的第一個(gè)星期日。Calibre89時(shí)計(jì)裝有這項(xiàng)專利機(jī)件。Dauphine-匕首形指針Referstohandswithanelongatedtriangularshape.指長(zhǎng)三角形指針。Dial-表盤Platewithametalbase,visiblethroughaglass,whichcarriescertainindicationssuchasthehours,minutesandseconds.OnPatekPhilippewatches,dialsaregenerallyinbrass.Thee*ceptionsarethosethataregoldcoloured,sunburstblueandmodelspavedwithpreciousstones,whicharemadefromsolidgoldplates.Particularcareisdevotedtotheirfinish.Theymaybegalvanised,embossed,guilloché,painted,metallic,opaline-white,gem-setorgenuineenamel.有金屬底座的板、透過(guò)表鏡可見(jiàn)的板面，帶有小時(shí)、分鐘和秒鐘的時(shí)間刻度。百達(dá)翡麗的表盤一般以黃銅制成，例外的有金色、放射狀藍(lán)色表盤以及鑲有寶石的表盤，全由金制成。表盤的精飾花費(fèi)大量心思，可能經(jīng)過(guò)電鍍、帶有壓花、帶有交織格狀飾紋、上過(guò)漆、帶金屬色調(diào)、呈乳光色、嵌有寶石或是涂上琺瑯等。Diamond-鉆石Die-沖模、硬模、模具Steelplaterepresentingthehollowedreproductionofaparttobecutoutorstamped.Thematerialplacedonthedietakestheshapebybeingstruckwithapunch.一種中空的鋼板，用于沖切或沖壓的部件。將材料放入沖模中，用沖壓機(jī)壓制成所需的形狀。Digital-數(shù)字顯示Inwatchmaking,referstodisplaybymeansofnumberswithnohands.就制表業(yè)而言，指使用數(shù)字而非指針的方式來(lái)顯示時(shí)間。Disc-盤Flat,thindisccarryingtheindicationswhicharesuccessivelydisplayedthroughanapertureasthediscrotatesunderthedial.帶有標(biāo)記的平薄圓片，當(dāng)盤在表盤下面轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，可以通過(guò)視窗連續(xù)顯示上面的標(biāo)記。Display-顯示〔時(shí)間〕Stageno.6intheworkingofanywatch:ineitheramechanicalwatchoraquartzwatch,thedisplayisshownbyhandsorthroughapertures,drivenbyageartrain.鐘表運(yùn)作的第6階段：無(wú)論是機(jī)械表還是石英表，是依靠指針顯示還是視窗顯示，均由齒輪系驅(qū)動(dòng)。Divineproportion-神圣比例Amathematicalratioofhomogenoussizesymbolisingtheperfectequilibriumofshapesto(1/1.6181).Alsoknownas"thegoldensection〞,itformsthebasisofthedesignoftheGoldenEllipse.一個(gè)均衡尺寸的準(zhǔn)確比例，可以使外觀看起來(lái)到達(dá)完美的平衡〔1/1.6181〕。也被稱作"黃金分割率〞，它是GoldenEllipse系列設(shè)計(jì)的根底。Drilling-鉆孔Penetrating,passingthrough.Fore*emple,thedrillingofpivot-holes.穿透、穿過(guò)。Drillingforstonesetting-為鑲嵌寶石鉆孔Preparationforgem-settingbyformingtheholesthatwillaccommodatethestones.Thisoperationisamachiningoperation.為寶石鑲嵌預(yù)打的小孔，可以容納寶石。這是一道機(jī)器加工工序。Dualtimezone-兩地時(shí)區(qū)See"Timezones〞.參見(jiàn)"Timezones-時(shí)區(qū)〞的解釋。E-電子Abbreviationof"Electronic〞inthePatekPhilippetypology.在百達(dá)翡麗而言是"Electronic-電子〞的縮寫。Easter-復(fù)活節(jié)See"DateofEaster".參見(jiàn)"DateofEaster-復(fù)活節(jié)日期〞的解釋。Electrolysis-電解、電解作用Chemicaldecompositionachievedbytheactionofanelectriccurrent.Certainmetalsareelectrolysedinordertoapplythemonothersinfinelayers.通過(guò)電流的作用所產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)分解。為了能覆蓋在其它金屬薄層上，*些金屬需要進(jìn)展電解。Embossing-壓紋、壓花Stampingamotifinmetalwithimprintsembossedusingapress.使用沖壓機(jī)的凸出印刻在金屬上沖壓出圖案。Emerald-翡翠、純綠柱石；翡翠式切割、長(zhǎng)方形Greencolouredgemstone,avarietyofberyl.Mostwidelyusedgemstonecutforemeralds.綠色寶石，一種綠柱石。切割翡翠的最常用車工。Emerypaper-砂紙、金剛砂紙Abrasivemi*turecoatedonpaper.Emerypaperisusedinparticularforpolishing,smoothingdownandcreatingacircularsatinfinish.涂在紙上的研磨混合劑。砂紙多用于拋光、打磨和制造旋轉(zhuǎn)式打圈磨光效果。Enamel-琺瑯Translucentsubstancethattakesonvariouscoloursbyaddingmetallico*ides.Whenfiredinthefurnace,itadherestometalandacquirestheconsistencyofglass.Itmaybeappliedinasinglecolouroncertaindials.Figurativepaintingisalsousedtocreatedecorativemotifs.OnPatekPhilippewatches,thesedecorativemotifsaregenerallycreatedusingtwotechniques:Miniatureenamelpainting:thereproductionofpaintingsinminiature,generallyonthecasesofpocketwatches.Smalltouchesandsuccessivelayersareappliedtoawhiteenamelbaseandsuccessivelyfiredinafurnaceat850°C.Alayeroftransparentenamelisthenappliedtoperfectthiswork.Thisfinishiscalled"flu*".Cloisonnéenamel:thistechnique,generallyusedfortableclocks,consistsofcreatingcavitiesmarkedoutbygoldwires,inwhichtheenamelsareappliedinlayersandsuccessivelyfiredinafurnaceat850°C.一種半透明的物質(zhì)，可參加不同的金屬氧化物而呈現(xiàn)不同的顏色。經(jīng)過(guò)在熔爐中燃燒，可以粘貼在金屬上，具有玻璃的一致性。在*些表盤上可能只使用單一的顏色，具象繪畫還可作為裝飾圖案。在百達(dá)翡麗鐘表中，通常采用兩種手法來(lái)制作此類裝飾圖案：搪瓷精繪：制作微型繪畫，一般用于懷表表殼。在白色琺瑯底座上涂上少量多層琺瑯，并用850°C的爐火連續(xù)烘烤。然后，涂上一層透明的琺瑯潤(rùn)色。這種透明的物質(zhì)稱為"透明琺瑯〞。景泰藍(lán)、嵌絲琺瑯：這一工藝通常用于臺(tái)式鐘表。用金絲勾勒出凹穴，然后用一層一層的琺瑯填充，并用850°C的爐火連續(xù)烘烤。Energydistribution-動(dòng)力發(fā)散Inamechanicalwatch,theenergyisdistributedprogressivelybyastep-by-stepescapement,consistingofpalletsandanescapewheelwithaspecialprofile.Inaquartzwatch,theenergyisdistributedbyasteppingmotor.在機(jī)械表中，動(dòng)力由步進(jìn)式擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)〔由擒縱叉和一個(gè)形狀特殊的擒縱輪〕逐步發(fā)散。在石英表中，動(dòng)力經(jīng)步進(jìn)馬達(dá)發(fā)散。Energyproduction-動(dòng)力產(chǎn)生Stageno.1intheworkingofanywatch:Inamechanicalwatch,thisimpliesmanualorautomaticwinding.Inaquartzwatch,energyisproducedbyabattery.鐘表運(yùn)作的第1階段：在機(jī)械表中，是用手動(dòng)或自動(dòng)上弦。在石英表中，動(dòng)力由電池產(chǎn)生。Energytransmissionanddivisionoftime-動(dòng)力傳遞及時(shí)間分割Stageno.3intheworkingofanywatch:inbothmechanicalandquartzwatches,theenergyistransmittedbyageartrainwhichsimultaneouslydividesuptime.Intheformercase,itispoweredbythemainspring;andinthesecond,byasteppingmotor.鐘表運(yùn)作的第3階段：在機(jī)械表和石英表中，齒輪系傳遞動(dòng)力的同時(shí)分割時(shí)間。機(jī)械表由主發(fā)條驅(qū)動(dòng)，而石英表由步進(jìn)馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。Engraving-雕刻Decorativetechniqueconsistingofhollowingoutthemattertocreatevariousmotifs,onvariousmetalpartsofthewatche*teriororthemovement.Handengraving:itrequirestheusebythemasterengraver,ofburinsforfinefurrowsandgraversforbroadfurrows.Mechanicalengraving:engravingonacomputerisednumericalcontrolmachinetoindicatetheseriesnumbersandlogosonthebridges,platesandcasebacks.一種裝飾技巧，在鐘表外部各金屬部件或機(jī)芯上挖出物料以創(chuàng)作各種圖案。手工雕刻：要求主雕刻師用鏨刀刻出細(xì)條紋，并用雕刻刀刻出粗條紋。機(jī)械雕刻：在電腦數(shù)值控制機(jī)床上進(jìn)展雕刻，在橋板、主機(jī)板和表殼底蓋上標(biāo)示序列號(hào)和標(biāo)識(shí)。EQ-天文時(shí)差A(yù)bbreviationof"Equationoftime"inthePatekPhilippetypology.在百達(dá)翡麗而言是"Equationoftime-天文時(shí)差〞的縮寫。Equationoftime-天文時(shí)差Complicationwhichindicatesthedifferencebetweenconventionaltime(meantime)andthetimedeterminedbythepositionofthesun(realtime).Thisdifferencerangesbetween-16and+14minutes,dependingonthedayoftheyear.顯示常規(guī)時(shí)間〔平均時(shí)間〕與太陽(yáng)位置決定的時(shí)間〔實(shí)際時(shí)間〕之間差異的一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜功能。差異圍介乎-16至+14分鐘之間，取決于具體*一天。Equino*-晝夜平分點(diǎn)、二分點(diǎn)Thedatewhenthedurationofthedayisequaltothatofthenight.Therearetwoequino*esperyearwhichcorrespondtothestartofspringandthatofautumn.白晝與黑夜等長(zhǎng)的日子。一年有兩個(gè)晝夜平分點(diǎn)，分別標(biāo)志著春季和秋季的開場(chǎng)。Escapement-擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)、擒縱機(jī)、擺輪、司行輪Theorganofamechanicalmovementthatenablesdistributionofenergystepbystep(andnotallatonce).Theescapement,composedofawheelwithaspecialshape(curvedteeth)andpallets,maintainstheoscillationsoftheregulatingorgan,thebalanceandspringassembly.機(jī)械機(jī)芯的機(jī)件，幫助動(dòng)力逐步發(fā)散〔而非一次全部發(fā)散〕。擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)由一個(gè)形狀特別〔曲齒〕的齒輪和擒縱叉組成，用于維持調(diào)校機(jī)構(gòu)、擺輪和游絲裝置的振動(dòng)。Etoquiau*-凸邊Bankingofaleverescapementwhenitiscutoutoftheplateandisnotintheformofpins(solidbanking).ThistermisspecifictoGenevawatchmaking.由機(jī)板上切割出瓦式擒縱器時(shí)造成的凸邊，但與插銷不同〔實(shí)心凸邊〕。這是日瓦制表上的專業(yè)用語(yǔ)。E*terior-外部組件Setofe*ternalpartsofawatch:case,dial,hands,glass,crown,strap/bracelet,etc.(tothee*clusionofmovementcomponents).鐘表的整套外部組件：表殼、表盤、指針、表鏡、表冠/表鏈等〔不包括機(jī)芯零件〕。Faceted-多琢面Havingfacets,suchasongemstones.具有多個(gè)琢面，比方寶石的多個(gè)琢面。Fancydiamond-彩色鉆石Coloureddiamond.有顏色的鉆石。Fineworking-表殼精加工、裝殼Fineworkingthecase:hand-finishingoperationscomprisingtrimming,solderingthelugs,creating(wherenecessary)hingesforthecoverandpreparingforpolishing.對(duì)表殼進(jìn)展精加工：手工操作，包括修整、焊接表耳、為表蓋制造〔如必要〕鉸鏈以及為拋光做準(zhǔn)備。Finishing-最后加工Referstotheworkofacompanythatbuyswatchcomponentsfromoutsideandonlyhandlesassembly,adjustment,fittingthehandsandcasingup.OnemustdistinguishbetweenafinishingworkshopasopposedtoaMunufacture.指加工企業(yè)的工作，這類企業(yè)從外部購(gòu)置鐘表組件，只是負(fù)責(zé)進(jìn)展裝配、調(diào)校、安裝指針及裝殼。注意最后加工作坊與制造商的區(qū)別。Finishingoperations-精加工工序AtPatekPhilippe,thistermencompassesasetoffinishingoperationsperformedbyhandonwatchparts,inkeepingwiththeGenevatradition.Mostofthefinishingoperationswhichcontributehighvalueadded,aremandatorytoobtaintheGenevaSeal.在百達(dá)翡麗，該詞指遵照日瓦傳統(tǒng)，在鐘表零件上以手工進(jìn)展的一套精加工工序。大部份創(chuàng)造高附加價(jià)值的精加工工序都是取得"日瓦優(yōu)質(zhì)〞印記的必需步驟。Flu*-透明琺瑯See"Enamel".參見(jiàn)"琺瑯〞的解釋。Fold-overclasp-折疊扣Aclaspthatopensbyfoldingover,withoutbeingdetachedfromthetwopartsofthebracelet.不需與表鏈兩段別離，只要拉開折位便可開啟的扣子。Fork-叉、叉頭、分叉Tipofthepalletswhichalternatelypushestheimpulse-pinplacedunderthebalanceandspringassemblysoastomaintainitsoscillations.擒縱叉的末端，交替推動(dòng)位于擺輪游絲裝置下面的沖擊銷，以維持振幅。Frequency-頻率Numberofoscillationspersecond.Frequencyise*pressedinHertz(Hz).1hertz=1oscillation=2vibrationspersecond.Thefrequencyofthebalanceandspringassemblyofmechanicalwatchesisnohigherthan5Hertz(5oscillations/sec.).Thefrequencyofquartzis32,000Hertz(32,000oscillations/second).每秒鐘擺動(dòng)的次數(shù)。頻率以赫茲〔Hz〕計(jì)量。1赫茲=每秒1次擺動(dòng)=每秒2次振動(dòng)。機(jī)械表的擺輪游絲裝置的頻率不高于5赫茲〔5次擺動(dòng)/秒〕。石英頻率為32,000赫茲〔32,000次擺動(dòng)/秒〕。FUS-時(shí)區(qū)AbbreviationfortimezoneinthePatekPhilippetypology.在百達(dá)翡麗而言是"timezone-時(shí)區(qū)〞的縮寫。Galvanised/Galvanicplating-電鍍Techniqueforplatingmetalbyelectrolysis.Fore*ample,thebridgesandplatesareprotectedfromo*idationbyafinelayerofrhodium.通過(guò)電解作用鍍敷金屬的工藝方法。例如，通過(guò)電鍍一層薄銠來(lái)防止橋板和主機(jī)板氧化。Gearing-傳動(dòng)裝置、齒輪裝置、齒輪傳動(dòng)Geartraincomposedofwheelsandtoothedpinions.由齒輪和小齒輪組成的齒輪系。Gear-train-齒輪系、傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)Setofwheelsdriveninaninterdependentmovement.Thegear-traingenerallycalledthegoingtrainistheonethattransmitsenergyanddividesuptime.Itcomprisesthehourwheel,theminutewheelandthesecondswheel.Variablesetsofwheelresultinreductionandindifferentspeedsofrotation.在機(jī)芯受驅(qū)動(dòng)的一套齒輪，通常被稱為運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)輪系的齒輪系，用于傳送動(dòng)力和分割時(shí)間，由時(shí)針輪、分針輪和秒針輪組成。不同的齒輪組和可產(chǎn)生減速和變速的效果。勻速齒輪系：維持旋轉(zhuǎn)速度。加速齒輪系：每個(gè)齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速較前者為快。減速齒輪系：每個(gè)齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速較前者為慢。Gemmologist-寶石專家Specialistoffinestonesandpreciousstones,scientificallycalled"gems".研究?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)石和珍貴石頭〔學(xué)名稱為"寶石〞〕的專家。Gem-setter-鑲石工匠Craftsmanwhosetsfinestonesorpreciousstones.鑲嵌優(yōu)質(zhì)寶石或珍貴石頭的工匠。Gem-setting-寶石鑲嵌Adorningwithfinestonesorpreciousstones.Onwatches,thestonesarefittedintotherecesses,whicharesmallholesformedearlierduringthemachiningprocess,andtheyarethenimmobilisedbypushingbackthematerialaroundthem.用優(yōu)質(zhì)或珍貴寶石作裝飾。在鐘表上，這些寶石被嵌入凹槽〔先以機(jī)器加工工序形成的{要和諧}〕，然后通過(guò)推壓其周圍的材料將其固定。Genevastripes-日瓦條紋FamouswavelikedecorativepatterncreatedonthebridgesandoscillatingweightsofPatekPhilippewatches.Thetoolrequirediscraftedfrombo*woodbythecraftsmanhimself,coatedinabrasivepasteandthenpressedmanuallyinordertoremoveane*tremelysmallamountofmaterial.百達(dá)翡麗鐘表的橋板和擺動(dòng)錘上的著名波浪形裝飾圖案。所需工具由工匠采用黃木親手制作，并涂上研磨膏，然后用手按壓以去除極少量的材料。Glass-表鏡Thintransparentplatethroughwhichonereadsoffthetime,and