中考英語閱讀理解題材Topic11世界與環(huán)境

TopicElevenTheWorldandTheEnvironment世界與環(huán)境

話說中考

本話題是談論世界與環(huán)境問題。世界與環(huán)境相互依存，但是近年來人們?yōu)榱俗陨淼陌l(fā)展,

破壞了環(huán)境，環(huán)境問題日益突出。中考閱讀理解對本話題考查是通過閱讀小短文理解大意，

從短文中歸納、分析出環(huán)境與世界的關系，以及了解環(huán)境對世界的重要性和作用。目的是培

養(yǎng)學生的環(huán)境意識,提高學生對環(huán)境問題的認識。這就要求學生在日常生活中重視環(huán)境問題,

養(yǎng)成熱愛環(huán)境、保護環(huán)境的好習慣。

走進中考(福州?2010)

CuttheCarbonFootprint

Everythingyoudoleavesa"carbonfootprint"(碳足跡).Forexample,whenyoutravelina

taxi,thecargivesoff(排放)CO2intotheair.C02isagreenhousegas.Greenhousegasesmakethe

earthbecomewarm.Toprotectourenvironment,weneedtoleavelessofa"carbon

footprint".Howbigisyourcarbonfootprint?Togetanidea,takealookatthefollowing

numbers.

Livingareas

★TVsetsandDVDplayersproduce723kgofC02ayear.

★IfyouturnthemoffwhenyouYenotusingthem,youcancutthatnumberby108kg.

Laundryroom(洗衣房)

DryingclothesinadryerproducesalotofCO2.

★Ifyouuseyourdryerfivetimesperweek,youproduce185kgofCO2peryear.

★Dryyourclothesinthesuninstead.

Bathroom

★Ifyoutakeaneight-minuteshowereveryday,youproduce616kgofCO2ayear.

★Ifyouonlyusesixminutestotakeashower,youcancutthatnumberby154kgayear.

根據短文內容，判斷正誤。正確用“T”表示，錯誤用“P表示。

()1.CO2isagreenhousegasthatcanmaketheearthwarm.

()2.WatchingTVandtravelinginataxicanproducelittleCO2.

()3?Ifweuseadryerfivetimesperweek,weproduce154kgofCO2peryear.

()4.Ifwespendlesstimetakingashower,wecancutthenumberofCO2.

()5.Thelessofa"carbonfootprint“weleave,thebetterourenvironmentwillbecome.

解析

1.T根據第一段第三句和第四句話可知CO2是一種能使地球變暖的溫室氣體。

2.F根據'TVsetsandDVDplayersproduce723kgofCO2ayear.”和文章標題，可知

看電視和開車能產生很多CO2,不是幾乎不產生。所以此句的表述是錯誤的。

3.F根據“Ifyouuseyourdryerfivetimesperweek,youproduce185kgofC02peryear.”

可以判斷此句是錯誤的。

4.T根據每天洗澡8分鐘和每天洗澡6分鐘產生的二氧化氮的對比說明，時間越

短，產生的二氧化碳就相對越少，所以此句的表述是正確的。

5.T根據“Toprotectourenvironment,weneedtoleavelessofa'carbonfootprint*n,可

知此句正確。

話題專練

June5thisWorldEnvironmentDay.Thismakesuspay

moreattentiontoour|environment.WhenWangBoxuan,a

Beijinghighschoolboy,usesuphisexercisebooks,hedoes

notthrowthemaway.Eachoneiskeptathisschoolwith

hundredsofexercisebooksthataregivenbyother

students.ThentheyaresoldtoaBeijingpapermakingfactory.

Thepaperisrecycledandusedagainbystudentsandteachersintheschool.Atthesame

time,themoneythatismadefromthesalesgoestoschoolsinInnerMongolia（內蒙古）.The

governmentthereusesthemoneytoplantmoretreesandgrass.Thisplaceisoneofthesources（源

頭）ofthesandstorms（沙塵暴）thatoftenattackBeijingduringspringtime.

Wang'sschoolisoneoftheschoolsinthecapitalthattakepartinthe''greenpromise1'

environmentalprotectionactivity.Sofar,nearly210000studentshavetakenpartintheactivity,

collectingmorethan87tonsofwastepaper.

根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。

（）1.WangBoxuanandhisschoolmateswasteexercisebooks.

A.throwaway

B.keepandsell

C.cutup

D.giveaway

()2.Themoneymadefromthesalesisusedto.

A.buynewexercisebooks

B.helppoorstudents

C.planttreesandgrass

D.bekept

()3.Fromthethirdparagraph,wecanknowthat.

A.manyyearsfromnow,studentswillhavenoexercisebookstouse

B?manyyearsfromnow,therewillbenowastepaper

C.manyyearsfromnow,thesandstormswillbelessseriousinBeijing

D.manyyearsfromnow,Beijingwillbemuchdirtier

()4.WorldEnvironmentDayison.

A.六月十五號B.七月十五號C.六月五號D.七月五號

()5.Whichofthefollowingisright?

A.Thepaperisrecycledandusedagainbystudentsandteachersintheschool.

B.Sofar,allstudentshavetakenpartintheactivity,collectingmorethan87tonsofwaste

paper.

C.Atthesametime,themoneythatismadefromthesalesgoestoschoolsinBeijing.

D.Eachoneiskeptathisschoolwithfewexercisebooksthataregivenbyotherstudents.

答案：

1.B細節(jié)判斷題。根據第一段段意可知“存著賣掉”（廢紙）。

2.C由第二段第三句可知這些錢用來植樹、種草。

3.C根據第二段最后一句可推出“許多年以后，沙塵暴現(xiàn)象將會得到緩解”。

4.CJune5th為六月五號。

5.A可用排除法。根據短文內容可知只有A正確。

Twomagazinesrecentlylistedthebestcitiestolivein.Herearetwoofthe|citieslistedas

"theworld'sbest".

SANJOSE,COSTARICA.Thecityhas

comfortableweatherallyearround(15℃to26℃).HousingisnotveryexpensiveinSan

Jose.Also,manyofthecity'solderneighborhoodsareverybeautifulandhavesmallhotelsand

cafes(咖啡館).Beautifulmountainsarearoundthecity.YoucanvisitthemeasilyfromSan

Jose.Solotsofpeoplegosightseeingthereeveryyear.Butairpollutionisaprobleminthecity

center.

HONGKONG,CHINAThislivelycity—onceasmallfishingvillage—istodayan

internationalbusinesscenter.ItisaninterestingmixofEastandWest,oldandnew.Moderntall

buildingsarenexttosmalltemples(廟宇).Popularnightclubsareclosetotraditional

teahouses.Busypeoplefillthestreetsatallhoursoftheday.Butoutsidethecity,thereareparks

forwalkingorrelaxing.HongKongisfamousforitswonderfulnativedishes.There'salsofood

fromEurope,NorthAmerica,andotherpartsofAsia.However,thissmallcityhasalarge

population.NearlysevenmillionpeopleliveinHongKong!That'swhyhousingisoftenvery

expensive.Trafficandairpollutionarealsoproblems.

根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。

()1.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedaboutSanJose?

A.Theweather.

B.Themountains.

C.Theair.

D.Thetraffic.

()2.ThewriterthinkshousinginHongKongisexpensivebecause.

A.itwasasmallfishingvillage

B.itisamixofEastandWest

C.itisfamousforitswonderfulfood

D.therearetoomanypeopleinthecity

()3.whatdothetwocitieshaveincommon(有共同之處)？

A.Theybothhavebeautifulmountains.

B.Theybothhavealargepopulation.

C.Airpollutionisaprobleminboth.

D.Theyarebothcrowded.

()4.arearoundthecityofSANJOSE.

A.Smallhotels

B.Smallcafes

C.Beautifulmountains

D.Olderneighborhoods

（）5.NearlypeopleliveinHongKong!

A.70000B.700000C.7000000D.70000000

答案：

I.D縱觀第二段對城市SANJOSE的介紹，只有D沒有提到。

2.D根據倒數第一段倒數二、三句可知原因是人多。

3.C由于第二段和第三段最后一句都提到了airpollution,故這是它們的共同之處。

4.C根據第二段第四句Beautifulmountainsarearoundthecity.可知。

5.C由于sevenmillion為七百萬，故答案為C。

Ican'trememberwhenIstartedcollectinglitter（土立圾）.ButitwaswhenIgot]tiredofseeing

litternearmyhomeandrealizedthatnooneelsewasgoingto

pickitup.

IliveclosetoaforestinOhio,America.Icanwalktherein

threeminutes!Iusedtolovegoingtheretoplaywithmy

dog.ButonedaytherewassomuchlittertherethatIbecameveryunhappy.Idecidedtocleanup

theforest.Iwantedtofeelhappygoingthereagain.

Imademyfirsttriptocleantheforestthatafternoon.Itookabigblackrubbishbagwith

me.Tenminutesafterstartingtopickuplitter,mybagwasfull!Ithadcans,bottles,brokenglass

andnewspapersinit.

Sincethatfirsttripthreeyearsago,I'vegonetotheforestfourtimesayeartopickup

litter.Pmoftenthereforthreehours.Itmakesmefeelgreattodosomethingfortheenvironment.

Aftereachtrip,IlookatallthelitterFvefound.Ifanyofitisrecyclable（可回收的），Ikeep

it.Ican'tunderstandwhypeopledroplitter.ButIwillkeeppickingitupuntiltheystopdropping

it.

IknowIcanonlydoasmallbittohelptheearth,butIstillthinkitisimportant.

根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。

()1.Whendidthewriterbegintocollectlitter?

A.Whenhewasveryyoung.

B.Afterhishomemovedtoanewplace.

C.Whenherealizednooneelsewasgoingtopickitup.

DAfterheleftschool.

()2.Thewriterlives.

A.inaforest

B.nearaforest

C?farawayfromaforest

D.inaplacewithmuchlitter

()3.Thewritercollectslitter.

A.inordertomakemoney

B.inordertomakefun

C.inordertogetaprize

D.inordertomaketheplaceclean

()4.Thewritercollectslitter.

A.intheforest

B.inthestreet

C.inthepark

D.intheschool

()5.Fromthepassageweinfer(推斷).

A.thewriterwillgooncollectinglitter

B.theenvironmentwillbemorebeautifulifeveryonetrieshisbesttoprotectit

C.thewriteralwayscollectsalotoflitter

D.thewriterthinkshedoesagreatthing

答案：

1.c根據第一段第二句可判斷。

2.B由第二段開頭一句"IliveclosetoaforestinOhio,America.“可知，其中close意

為neato

3.D根據第二段最后兩句可知他撿拾垃圾是為了使那個地方保持干凈。

4.A縱觀全文可知是在森林。

5.B山于這里是問能推斷出什么，選項A和D都在文中提及，故不用推斷。C項

說法不符文意。

四

Thinkofallthethingsyouthrowaway：juicebottles,soda

cans,candycovers.It|addsup.Howmuchrubbishdoyouproduce?

Americansthrowawayabout1tonofrubbishperpersonevery

year.That's2000poundsofrubbish!Mostoftherubbishgets

coveredinbigholesintheroundcalledlandfills（垃圾掩埋法）.

Alotofthisrubbishcanberecycled,orturnedbacktosomethinguseful.Themainthingswe

recycletodayaremadefrommetal,paper.

Peoplerecycleformanyreasons.Oneofthemainreasonsistoprotectresources（資

源）.Makingnewcansoutofoldonesmeanslessaluminum（鋁）isneededfornewcans.

Thisleadstoasecondreasonpeoplerecycle：itsavesenergy.Recyclingoldaluminumcans

takemuchlessenergythanmakingnewaluminum.Tomakenewaluminum,youneedtomine

metalore（礦石）fromtheground,removeit,andrefineit,intoafinishedmetal.

Recyclingalsoprotectsvaluableland.Byrecycling,weproducelessrubbish.Thatmeans

fewerlandfillsareneededfordroppingourrubbish.

Becausemetalsaresomewhatcostlytomake,theyaretheworld'smostrecycled

materials.Abouttwo-thirdsofallsteel（鋼）isrecycled.

Almostalldrinkcansaremadeofaluminum.Americansrecycleaboutone-thirdoftheirused

aluminumcans.Emptycansaresenttospecialfactories.There,theyarecleaned,melted,and

madeintonewpiecesofaluminum.

Americansuselotsofpaper—mostlyintheformofnewspapers,magazines,andcardboard

boxes.Infact,papertakesupmorespaceinlandfillsthananyothermaterial.

Oldpapercanbecutandmadeareintonewpaper.Americansrecyclealittlemorethan

one-thirdoftheirpaperrubbish.Newpapersaremadefromtrees,eachtonofrecycledpapersaves

about17trees!

根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。

（）1.Youcanmostprobablyreadthepassagein

A.asciencebook

B.aChinesebook

C.ahistorybook

D.ageographybook

()2.Theunderlinedword"recycle'1inthesecondparagraphmeans.

A.銷毀B.收集C.熔化D.回收利用

()3.Whydopeoplerecyclerubbish?

A.Toprotectresourcesbecauseit'shardtomakenewresources.

B?Itcansaveenergy,becausetheresourcesarelimited(有限).

C.Toprotectvaluableland,becausethereisnoplacetoburyrubbish.

D.Toprotectresources,saveenergyandprotectvaluableland.

()4.Whichoneisright?

A.Peoplerecyclepaperfromthetrees.

B.Paperstakeuplessspaceinthelandfills.

C.Americansrecyclealittlemorethan1/3oftheirpaperrubbish.

D.Torecyclepapercan'tprotecttheirenvironment.

()5.Themainideaofthepassageis.

A.Toletusknowitisabigjobdealwithrubbish.

B.Toexplainthereasonsforrubbishrecycle.

C.Todescribeknowtorecyclemetal,paper.

D.Toexplainhowtorecyclerubbishandwhytodoso.

答案：

1.A本題為綜合理解題，通讀本短文可知本文為一科普知識類的文章，可能在科普

類書籍上看到，故應選Ao

2.D本題為單詞理解題，讀短文可知，本文主要分析了垃圾回收再利用的原因；再

由關鍵句"Themainthingswerecycletodayaremadefrommetal,paper.“可知recycle意思

應為“回收利用”之意，故本題只能選D。

3.D由短文的第三、四、五段可知，垃圾回收再利用的原因主要有三個，故可知，

選項A、B、C所述的原因不全面，故應選D。

4.C本題為綜合理解題，我們可以用排除法，再由關鍵句"Americansrecyclealittlemore

thanone-thirdoftheirpaperrubbish.”可知本題應選Co

5.B本題為綜合理解題，我們可以用排除法，從而可以確定僅有選項B（解釋垃圾回

收利用的原因。）是正確的。

五

Whowouldguessthatthosebluegreenwaveshidea

worldofwonderanddangerfarbelow?|

Sunlightcannotreachthere,soplantscannotgrow.Yet

10millionkindsofseaanimalsliveunderthewaves.There

youwillfindsomeoftheearth*smoststrangecreatures.

Theseacoversmorethan70percentoftheearth.About97percentofthespaceforliving

thingsisthere,too.Atitsdeepest,itgoesmorethan11000metres(6.9miles)down.

Whyhaslessthan5percentofthisamazingworldbeenexplored?Becauseittakesmorethan

couragetoexploretheoceans.Italsotakesmoney.Onlywithveryexpensivetoolscanwedeal

withthedangerofthesea.Butnowseveralcountriesareexploringtheoceansmorethanever

before.

根據短文內容判斷正(T)誤(F)。

()1.Manyplantsaregrowinginthedeepocean.

()2.1000000kindsofanimalsliveunderthewaves.

()3.5%oftheworldofdeepoceanshasbeenexploredsofar.

()4.Thecorrectmeaningforthephrase"underthewaves"is"underthesea".

()5.Peoplehaveneverexploredtheoceansbefore.

答案：

1.F由文中“Sunlightcannotreachthere,soplantscannotgrow.“可知。

2.F由10million為一千萬可知錯誤。

3.F由最后一段Whyhaslessthan5percentofthisamazingworldbeenexplored?”可知。

4.T詞義理解題。這里意思是指“海底的”

5.F由前面提到已開發(fā)lessthan5%以及最后一句?？芍藗儾⒉皇菑膩頉]有開發(fā)。

JaneGoodallfirstmadefriendswithachimp(黑猩猩)

whenshewasoneyearold.On|herfirstbirthdayhermothercarriedhertothezoonearherhome

andboughtheratoychimp.Shelovedherfurry(毛絨的)friendverymuch.Atage7,Jane

GooddallreadDr.Doolittle,abookaboutadoctorwhocouldtalktoanimals.Shewantedtobe

abletotalktoherfavoriteanimal,too.SheexpectedtogotoAfricasomedaysothatshecould

learnmoreaboutchimps.WhenJanegrewup,shestilldreamedofgoingtoAfrica.Shegother

wishwhenshewas26yearsold.ShewenttoGombeNationalParkwheremanychimpslivedin

theforests.

Janewatchedthechimpscloselydayafterday.Shesawthattheywerealotlikepeople.They

couldthinkandmakeplans.Theyusedtools.Theyshowedtheirfear,pain,or

pleasure.Sometimes,theyfought.Often,theyhugged(擁抱)andkissed.

ScientistsweresurprisedbywhatJanesaw.Theyknewthattherelationbetweenchimpsand

humanswastheclosest.However,theydidnotknowtheyactedsomuchlikeus.

Janestillhasthetoychimpshewasgivenasachild.Shehasstudiedherfurryfriendsfor

over30years.Now,shespeaksforthemtogroupsaroundtheworld.Shehopesthatwhatshehas

tosaywillmakeothersdosomethingtoprotectchimpsfrombeinghurt.

根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。

()1.WhenJanewas7,shewanted.

A.toreadDr.Doolittleagain

B.totalktoanimals,too

C.tobuyanothertoychimp

D.tomeetadoctoratonce

()2.JanewenttoGombeNationalParkto.

A.haveatripthere

B.trainababychimp

C.learnmoreaboutchimps

D.protectthechimpsthere

()3.Thescientistsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthat.

A.thechimpscouldactsomuchlikehumans

B.JanehadbeeninAfricaforsuchalongtime

C.Janewatchedthechimpscloselydayafterday

D.Janestillhadthetoychimpshewasgivenasachild

()4.Janespeaksforchimpstogroupsaroundtheworldto.

A.helpthescientistsleammoreaboutchimps

B.studyherfurryfriendsinsomeothercountries

C.makemorepeopledosomethingtoprotectchimps

D.letpeopleknowthatchimpsarelovelyanimals

()5.Fromthepassage,wecanleamthat.

A.Janefoundmoreaboutchimpsthanthescientistsdid

B?JanedreamedofgoingtoAfricawhenshewas26

C.Janecouldtalktochimpswiththehelpofthescientists

D.JaneknewnothingaboutchimpsbeforegoingtoAfrica

答案：

1.B由文中第一段"Shewantedtobeabletotalktoherfavoriteanimal,too."可知。

2.C根據下文可知她去的目的是進一步了解黑猩猩。

3.A根據第三段可推出是對黑猩猩行為舉止與人如此相似感到驚奇。

4.C由文中最后一句句意可知。

5.A根據倒數第二段可知她了解的比科學家們還要多。

七

1970wastheWorldConservation(保護)Year.TheUnitedNationswantedeveryonetoknow

thattheworldisindanger.Theyhopedthatgovernmentswouldactquicklyinordertoconserve

nature.

Hereisanexampleoftheproblems.Atonetimetherewere1300differentplants,treesand

flowersinHolland,butnowonly860left.Theothershavebeen

destroyed|bymodernmanandhistechnology.Wearechangingthe

earth,theair,thewater,andeverythingthatgrowsandlives.Wecan't

livewithoutthesethings.Ifwegoonlikethis,weshalldestroy

ourselves.

Whatwillhappeninthefuture?Perhapsitismoreimportantto

ask"Whatmustwedonow?"Thepeoplewhowillbelivinginthe

worldoftomorrowaretheyoungpeopletoday.Alotofthemknowthatconservationis

necessary.Manyarehelpingsaveourworld.Theyplanttrees,protectwildanimals,andsoon.In

asmalltownintheUnitedStatesalargegroupofgirlscleanedthe11-kilometer-longbanksofthe

river.Youngpeoplemayhearaboutconservationthrougharecordcalled"NOONEISGOINGTO

CHANGEOURWORLD".ItwasmadebytheScatles,CliffRichardandothersingers.The

moneyfromitwillhelptoconservewildanimals.

根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。

()1.FromthepassageweknowthatthereareinHollandnow.

A.moretrees

B?moreflowers

C.fewerplants

D.feweranimals

()2.Thispassageismainlyaboutconserving.

A.man

B?nature

C.wildanimals

D.wildplants

()3.What'sthemeaningofthesentence"Ifwegoonlikethis,weshalldestroy

ourselves"?

A.Wecan*tliveontheearthsomeday.

B?Wecan'tseeplants.

C?Wecan'tseeanimals.

D.Ourlifewillbehard.

()4.Themoneyfromarecordwillhelptoconserve,

A.wildanimals

B.plants

C.nature

D.man

()5.Whichisnotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Plantingtrees.

B?Protectingwildanimals.

C.Cleaningthebanks.

D.Collectingwastepaperforrecycling.

答案：

1.CIKiE"Atonetimetherewere1300differentplants,treesandflowersinHolland,but

nowonly860left.”可知。

2.B縱觀全文，既提到植物又說到動物，故是保護自然界。

3.A由此句上句“wecantlivewithoutthesethings."可知“我們某天將不能在地球上生

存”。

4.A根據短文最后一句可知是保護野生動物。

5.D縱觀全文可知只有收集廢紙循環(huán)利用沒有提及。

八

TheU.N?ClimateChangeconferenceopenedinCopenhagen,DenmarkMonday.More

than15000officialsfrom192countriesattendedtheCopenhagen

ClimateChangeConferencefromMondaytoDecember18th.Itis

reportedthatitwasthelastbestchanceforanagreementtocombat

globalwarming.

Theirtaskistofindcommonground,includingonreduction（減

少）ofgreenhousegasemissions（排放），promotionandtransferofnewmoreeco-friendly

technologyandthenecessaryfundingtomakethispossible,especiallyforthelessdevelopedand

poorernations.Italsomeanscomingupwithlongtermvision（設想）andcooperationforthe

future.

TheCopenhagenconferencewastocomeupwithabindingagreementtosucceedthe1997

KyotoProtocol《京都議定書》whichmandatedemissionscuts.Butasweknow,itwasnotsigned

bysomeoftheworld'sbiggestpolluters,includingtheUnitedStates.Kyotoendsin2012.But

manysayapoliticalframeworkismorelikelyatCopenhagen,withabindingaccordtobeworked

outpossiblynextyear.

Denmark'sPrimeMinisterLarsLokkeRasmussenremindeddelegatesthetimetoactisnow

andforeveryone."Globalwanningknowsnoborders,itdoesnotdiscriminate（區(qū)另1|）.Itaffects

usallandweareheretodaybecauseweareallcommittedtotakeaction,"hesaid.Theprime

ministersaidhebelievesadealispossible.Delegateshavejustoveraweektoprovehimright一

beforemorethan100headsofstateandgovernmentcomehere.Conferenceorganizershope

they'llhaveadealonthetableforsigning.

根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。

()1.TheCopenhagenClimateChangeConferencewasfromMondayto.

A.November16th

B.December18th

C.December16th

D.NextMonday

()2.TheCopenhagenClimateChangeConferenceanagreementtocombat

globalwarming.

A.wasthelastchancefor

B.hadthemostcountriestocomeupwith

C.hascomeupwith

D.wasthelastbestchancefor

()3.ThetaskoftheU.N.ClimateChangeconferenceis.

A.toreducetheemissionsofgreenhousegas

B.tocomeupwithashorttermvision

C.toendupthe1997KyotoProtocol

D.tochangetheclimate

()4.Conferenceorganizershopewillhavea