“熱泵的運(yùn)用”外文翻譯

第20頁外文翻譯TheApplicationsofHeatpumps1.Heatpumpsinindustry1).SystemsRelativelyfewheatpumpsarecurrentlyinstalledinindustry.However,asenvironmentalregulationsbecomestricter,industrialheatpumpscanbecomeanimportanttechnologytoreduceemissions,improveefficiency,andlimittheuseofgroundwaterforcoolingToensurethesoundapplicationofheatpumpsinindustry,processesshouldbeoptimisedandintegrated.Throughprocessintegrationimprovedenergyefficiencyisachievedbythermodynamicallyoptimisingtotalindustrialprocesses.Animportantinstrumentforprocessintegrationispinchanalysis,atechnologytocharacteriseprocessheatstreamsandidentifypossibilitiesforheatrecovery.Suchpossibilitiesmayincludeimprovedheatexchangernetworks,cogenerationandheatpumps.Pinchanalysisisespeciallypowerfulforlarge,complexprocesseswithmultipleoperations,andisanexcellentinstrumenttoidentifysoundheatpumpopportunities.Industrialapplicationsshowagreatvariationinthetypeofdriveenergy,heatpumpsize,operatingconditions,heatsourcesandthetypeofapplication.Theheatpumpunitsaregenerallydesignedforaspecificapplication,andarethereforeunique.Themajortypesofindustrialheatpumpsare:Mechanicalvapourrecompressionsystems(MVRs),classifiedasopenorsemi-openheatpumps.Inopensystems,vapourfromanindustrialprocessiscompressedtoahigherpressureandthusahighertemperature,andcondensedinthesameprocessgivingoffheat.Insemi-opensystems,heatfromtherecompressedvapouristransferredtotheprocessviaaheatexchanger.Becauseoneortwoheatexchangersareeliminated(evaporatorand/orcondenser)andthetemperatureliftisgenerallysmall,theperformanceofMVRsystemsishigh,withtypicalcoefficientsofperformance(COPs)of10to30.CurrentMVRsystemsworkwithheat-sourcetemperaturesfrom70-80篊,anddeliverheatbetween110and150篊,insomecasesupto200篊.Wateristhemostcommon'workingfluid'(i.e.recompressedprocessvapour),althoughotherprocessvapoursarealsoused,notablyinthe(petro-)chemicalindustry.Closed-cyclecompressionheatpumpsaredescribedinthesectionHYPERLINK"/tutorial/hp_types.htm"Heatpumptechnology.Currentlyappliedworkingfluidslimitthemaximumoutputtemperatureto120篊.Absorptionheatpumps(TypeI)arenotwidelyusedinindustrialapplications.Somehavebeenrealisedtorecoverheatfromrefuseincinerationplants,notablyinSwedenandDenmark.Currentsystemswithwater/lithiumbromideasworkingpairachieveanoutputtemperatureof100篊andatemperatureliftof65篊.TheCOPtypicallyrangesfrom1.2to1.4.Thenewgenerationofadvancedabsorptionheatpumpsystemswillhavehigheroutputtemperatures(upto260篊)andhighertemperaturelifts.Heattransformers(TypeII)havethesamemaincomponentsandworkingprincipleasabsorptionheatpumps.Withaheattransformerwasteheatcanbeupgraded,virtuallywithouttheuseofexternaldriveenergy.Wasteheatofamediumtemperature(i.e.betweenthedemandlevelandtheenvironmentallevel)issuppliedtotheevaporatorandgenerator.Usefulheatofahighertemperatureisgivenoffintheabsorber.Allcurrentsystemsusewaterandlithiumbromideasworkingpair.Theseheattransformerscanachieveadeliverytemperaturesupto150篊,typicallywithaliftof50篊.COPsundertheseconditionsrangefrom0.45to0.48.ReverseBrayton-cycleheatpumpsrecoversolventsfromgasesinmanyprocesses.Solventloadenairiscompressed,andthenexpanded.Theaircoolsthroughtheexpansion,andthesolventscondenseandarerecovered.Furtherexpansion(withtheassociatedadditionalcooling,condensationandsolventrecovery)takesplaceinaturbine,whichdrivesthecompressor.2).ApplicationsIndustrialheatpumpsaremainlyusedfor:spaceheating;heatingandcoolingofprocessstreams;waterheatingforwashing,sanitationandcleaning;嚇ste榜am碰pro蓋duc都tio巾n;晶dry促ing重/de楚hum話idi奔fic季ati樣on;亭版eva他por水a(chǎn)ti藏on;焦隔dis派til植lat栗ion毀;硬con踐cen才tra株tio勝n.見Whe督nh贏eat哲pu禁mps核ar邁eu于sed肚in唯dr煙yin志g,置eva衰por勵(lì)ati擦on昆and帶di錦sti邁lla酬tio寫np唯roc孤ess園es,刷he論at語is話rec廁ycl禽ed稿wit鄉(xiāng)hin公th供ep歲roc貢ess折.F架or貢spa偶ce襪hea姿tin告g,池hea嬸tin燙go信fp柳roc莖ess違st真rea硬ms蝕and給st泡eam豐pr約odu悲cti襯on,喘h(huán)e墓at袖pum雅ps艘uti憤lis壁e(洲was奪te)梯he擔(dān)at泰sou瓦rce誼sb涂etw降een彎2餡0膠篊見an窗d1攀0炎0叫篊頁.厘The統(tǒng)mo樓st餐com息mon筋wa都ste副he介at恰str撤eam小si喜ni錘ndu繡str踏ya黑re賢coo謙lin搶gw抓ate撕r,隸eff失lue施nt,泳co哥nde任nsa佳te,性mo床ist瘦ure某,a奔nd匙con拉den謙ser劇he常at胖fro段mr紫efr益ige獎(jiǎng)rat救ion態(tài)pl層ant蝴s.隆Bec銀aus彈eo崗ft驕he婦flu搖ctu舟ati像on略in拳was幸te勢hea節(jié)ts看upp菜ly,憶it瓶ca些nb節(jié)en寒ece幫ssa誼ry給to圓use沫la視r(shí)ge布st奶ora紛ge喇tan合ks竟for截ac桿cum蒸ula寧tio莖nt蓮oe蛛nsu憐re客sta騎ble餅op極era純tio摔no蔽ft感he婚hea蠻tp科ump饒.宏Spa成ce湖hea唇tin贊g:停Hea刑tp蔬ump漏sc翻an欠uti里lis若ec軟onv堂ent爽ion阻al瞇hea骨ts我our擴(kuò)ces撫fo醋rh縫eat葬ing摔of古gr撒een峽hou蟲ses恐an伍di超ndu窩str翠ial困bu赴ild貿(mào)ing倦s,憂or既the藝yc啟an兼rec但ove菠ri縱ndu蠶str刪ial沾wa額ste擠he剩at雷tha孝tc求oul肺d島not半be監(jiān)us凡ed冤dir贈(zèng)ect李ly,資an紗dp漆rov資ide模a鏡low討-t卵om豈edi訴um圾tem礦per墊atu杰re闖hea錯(cuò)tt狡hat甲ca秘nb要eu彼til扮ise輕di野nte響rna墓lly塊or誦ex惑ter裁nal樣ly陵for物sp蓋ace藏he趙ati損ng.舒Ma益inl傻ye碗lec到tri朗cc狀los都ed-輛cyc乎le氧com禽pre愈ssi季on慮hea棗tp廁ump餐sa拿re慘use獄d.壓Pro吊ces棵sw米ate酸rh機(jī)eat墾ing殖an革dc龜ool老ing俯:悼Man嬸yi匠ndu陪str遙ies霞ne貨ed卸war殊mp陡roc休ess陽wa唇ter佛in踐th禁et帆emp煤era咱tur抹er唇ang燙ef碗rom霜40柴-9漢0牛篊啟,a撿nd酬oft爛en絹hav駱ea卵si嫩gni悄fic沈ant鍬ho桂tw敏ate促rd溜ema妥nd霸in百the所sa沉me踏tem刷per擴(kuò)atu浮re凝ran增ge授for韻wa萄shi襯ng,屈sa曬nit哄ati晨on暗and魚cl楚ean費(fè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