英語中的省略

Ellipsis

省略2021/5/91groupworkdiscussexercises2onpage37ingroups2021/5/92ComparethefollowingsentencesYoucangetburnedbyhotliquidsandyoucangetburnedbysteam.Youcangetburnedbyhotliquidsandstem.Tieabandagefirmlyovertheburntarea,whenabandageisnecessary.Tieabandagefirmlyovertheburntarea,whennecessary.2021/5/93Theseburnsarenotseriousandtheyshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwodays.Theseburnsarenotseriousandshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwo.Theseburnsaffectthetoplayeroftheskinandtheyalsoaffectthesecondlayeroftheskin.Theseburnsaffectthetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.Comparethefollowingsentences2021/5/94Firstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhentheyarepressed.Firstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhenpressed.Comparethefollowingsentences2021/5/95Thedifference:TherearelotsofrepeatedwordsandphrasesinSentenceA.SentenceBisbetterbecause:Itdoesn’thaveunnecessaryrepetitionsinitItiseasiertounderstandItsoundsmuchlessawkwardthanSentenceA.2021/5/96Ellipsis省略2021/5/97WhatisEllipsis?theactofleavingoutawordorwordsfromasentencedeliberately,whenthemeaningcanbeunderstoodwithoutthem.為了使語言簡潔或避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一個或幾個句子成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象成為省略2021/5/98Howareyou?Fine,thankyou!Andyou?Iamfine.Ithankyou,Andhowareyou?Nicetomeetyou!Itisnicetomeetyou!Gladtoseeyou!Iamgladtoseeyou!Ok!Great!Wonderful!(Isit)Really?2021/5/99FindoutsentenceswithellipsisfromtheWarmingupandtheReadingOftentheillnessorinjuryisnotserious,butthereareothertimeswhen(theillnessotinjuryisseriousand)givingfirstaidquicklycansavelives.Burnsarecalledfirst(degreeburns),second(degreeburns)orthirddegreeburns,…Theseaffectsboththetop(layeroftheskin)andthesecondlayeroftheskin.Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessary…2021/5/910Differentformsofellipsisellipsisinsimplesentence簡單句省略ellipsisincompoundsentence并列句省略ellipsisincomplexsentence復(fù)合句省略ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”不定式省略2021/5/911ellipsisinsimplesentenceGladtoseeyou.Hopetohearfromyou.Happynewyear.—Thesametoyou.Nicedayagain.日常生活中的省略(You)Openthedoor.(Youmust)Becareful!/Lookout!祈使句中省略，常省略主語2021/5/912ellipsisinsimplesentence—Areyouastudent?—Yes,Iam(astudent).—Please(you)payspecialattentiontothesevaluableflowers.—OK,Iwill(payspecialattentiontothose…).—Johnboughtanewcar.—When(didhebuythenewcar)?回應(yīng)對方所說的話，省略重復(fù)內(nèi)容2021/5/913ellipsisinsimplesentenceWhatacleverkid(heis)!Howbeautiful(thesceneis)!Excellent!/Wonderful!感嘆句中的省略，突出感嘆部分I’msixteen(yearsold).It’sten(o’clock)now.年齡或鐘點中，省略和年齡或鐘點相關(guān)的詞2021/5/914ellipsisincompoundsentence在并列句中如果后面分句與前面分句有相同的成分，常省略以避免重復(fù)。It’sinterestingthatsomeoftheflowersareyellowandsome(oftheflowersare)white.Shecouldhaveappliedforthatjobbutshedidn’t(applyforthejob).Iworkedinafactoryandmybrother(worked)onafarm.Myroomisonthesecondflourandhis(roomis)onthethird(flour).2021/5/915詞性不同不可以省略IwasallowedtogoabroadandIwashappy.Themanhasapianoandhehasplayeditmanytimes.IdidmyhomeworkyesterdayandIdidnotfinishit.ellipsisincompoundsentence2021/5/916ellipsisincomplexsentenceThefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.Theperson(whom)youtalkedwithjustnowismyteacher.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom在從句中作賓語時可以省略。Ithink(that)Englishisaneasysubject.Iknow(that)sheisateacherandthatsheisanexcellentwriter.賓語從句中連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中that可以省略2021/5/917ellipsisincomplexsentence狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和系動詞beIfinvited,Iwillgotohisparty.(IfIaminvited)Thoughyoung,heknowsalotofthings.(Thoughheisyoung)Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.Heopenedhislipsasif(hewas)tospeak.2021/5/918ellipsisincomplexsentence當(dāng)從句的主語是it，謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be時，可以把it和be一起省略，構(gòu)成連詞（if,unless,when,etc.)+adj.Unless(itis)necessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.Removeclothingusingscissorsif(itis)necessary.Keepthemhigherthantheheart,if(itis)possible.2021/5/919ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”省略to保留to，省略其后部分2021/5/920在動詞see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,make,have,hear,listento,feel等后的不定式作賓補，省略不定式符號to。但是如果變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，to必須加上Thebossmadehismenworkeighteenhoursaday.Tomwasmadetowashthedishesforaweekasapunishment.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”2021/5/921兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式由連詞（and,but,or,than等）連接時，從第二個不定式起，一般省略不定式符號to，但如果強調(diào)對比之意時不省略。Idon’tknowwhethertostayor(to)leave.Thestudentsaretaughttoread,(to)write,and(to)domanyotherthings.It’smoredifficulttodothantosay.Theteachercamenottopunishyoubuttohelpyou.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”2021/5/922在…donothingbut/exceptdo…結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞but或except后作賓語的不定式，如果前有實義動詞do的某種形式，省略不定式符號to，若前面沒有do，而是其他的動詞，一般不省。Thelittleboydidnothingbutcry.Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.Ineverycoldweather,thehibernatinganimalshad

nochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”2021/5/923在一些類似情態(tài)動詞詞組hadbetter/wouldrather/ratherthan/can‘tbut/can’thelpbut等之后，省略不定式符號to.Jackwouldratherreadthantalk.You’dbetterputonmoreclothes,oryou'llcatchabadcold.Shedarestogotothelonelyislandbyherself.Ican’tbutadmireherbravery.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”2021/5/924一些表示心理活動,情感態(tài)度的動詞或短語,如expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/decide/plan/mean/try/wouldlike/beready/beafraid/beglad/bepleased/bedelighted等后,動詞不定式省略to后面的動詞部分,但保留to.

Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto.—Willyougowithme—Well,I’dliketo./I’mgladto.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”2021/5/925在一些情態(tài)動詞或助動詞oughtto/haveto/usedto/beableto后省略to后面的成分，保留to—MustIgonow—No.Youdon’thaveto.—Areyouplanningtoseeyourgrandfather？

—No.ButIoughtto.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”2021/5/926單選填空：1.Myuncle’shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice______expensive.A.as B.soC.too D.verybutitistwiceasexpensiveasours2.Youcanonlybesureof______youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething______youmightgetinthefuture.A.that,what B.what/不填C.which,that D.不填/that你只能確定你目前所擁有的，你不能確定未有可能擁有的。AB2021/5/9273.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless______everyday.A.watered B.wateringC.water D.towater4.Hehasn’tturnedupatthepartysofar.Well,he_______.A.should B.oughttoC.oughttogo D.oughttohaveHeoughttohaveturnedupattheparty. 6.Inmyopinion,theideaofafamilyismuchnarrowerthan_______.A.thatusedtobe B.itusedtoC.itwasusedto D.itusedtobe