英語寫作常見十大語法錯誤

英語寫作常見十大語法錯誤“TopTenCommonErrors”inEnglishWriting2021/5/91一、句子不完整a.一個簡單句有兩個基本成分：主語和謂語動詞，兩者缺一不可。1.TheythinkbuyJapanesegoodsishavingnothingtodowithlovingthemotherland.

TheythinktobuyJapanesegoodsishavingnothingtodowithlovingthemotherland.2.ResisttheJapaneseproductsisoneofthisways

ToresisttheJapaneseproductsisoneofthisways3.ThiswillonlyharmtoChinamore.

ThiswillonlydoharmtoChinamore.2021/5/92b.如果一個句子有從句，也必須保證從句的完整性。1.ManypeopleareconsideringwhethertoboycottthepurchaseofJapanesegoodsornot,fortheDiaoyuIslandincident/events.

ManypeopleareconsideringwhethertoboycottthepurchaseofJapanesegoodsornot,fortheChinesepeopleareenragedbytheDiaoyuIslandincident/events.2.SomeonethinkitnecessarytorefusetobuyJapanesegoods.

SomeonethinkitisnecessarytorefusetobuyJapanesegoods.

2021/5/93c.介詞后面一定要加名詞、代詞或者從句作賓語。1.PeoplewhosticktobeagainstthebehaviorofJapaneseclaimtodestroyallthegoods

…PeoplewhosticktobeingagainstthebehaviorofJapaneseclaimtodestroyallthegoods…2.TheyevenmakeextremebehaviorbythenameofChinese,likehitcarswhicharemadeinJapan.

TheyevenmakeextremebehaviorbythenameofChinese,likehittingcarswhicharemadeinJapan.2021/5/94二、句子成分多余a.一個簡單句通常只有一個主語，如果主語超過一個，要使用連詞構成并列主語。Smoking,drinkingarebannedinmanyplacesofwork.Smokinganddrinkingarebannedinmanyplacesofwork.2021/5/95b.如果一個句子中出現(xiàn)多個謂語動詞，要使用連詞連接構成并列動詞，或者在一些句子中使用關系代詞構成復合句。有一些動詞后面可以跟動詞作賓語或者賓語補足語。1.Themediadistortsreality,categoriesthingsasallgoodorallbad.

Themediadistortsrealityandcategoriesthingsasallgoodorallbad.2.ShouldweChineseboycottJapaneseGoodsishotlydebatedrecentlybecauseoftheterritorialdisputerforDiaoyuIslands.

WhetherweChineseshouldboycottJapaneseGoodsishotlydebatedrecentlybecauseoftheterritorialdisputerforDiaoyuIslands.

3.PeoplethinkitisterriblethatwestopbuyJapanesegoods.

PeoplethinkitisterriblethatwestopbuyingJapanesegoods.2021/5/96c.如果一個句子出現(xiàn)多個賓語，一般要使用連詞連接構成并列賓語。但是也有一些動詞，如give，offer等可以跟雙賓語。Morepeoplewouldprefercycling,walkingifconditionswereright.Morepeoplewouldprefercyclingorwalkingifconditionswereright.2021/5/97d.如果出現(xiàn)兩個句子，中間除了用加連詞這種方法之外，還可以用標點符號分割，比如用句號或者分號。句號和分號在語法上有連詞的功能，其前后要有完整的句子；而逗號、括號則不能夠連接完整的句子。Educationhasbeenmadeavailabletomorepeoplenowadays,however,manyadultshavesomeproblemswithliteracyandnumeracy.Educationhasbeenmadeavailabletomorepeoplenowadays;however,manyadultshavesomeproblemswithliteracyandnumeracy.2021/5/98e.部分名詞短語可獨立作時間狀語，前面不能加介詞。Peoplecantraveltoandfromdutyineverydayonfootorbybike.Peoplecantraveltoandfromdutyeverydayonfootorbybike.2021/5/99f.一般來說，because和so,although和but等連詞不能夠同時用在一個句子當中。Althoughthecrimerateisfallinginmanypartsoftheworld,butviolentcrimesareconstantlyrampant.Althoughthecrimerateisfallinginmanypartsoftheworld,violentcrimesareconstantlyrampant.2021/5/910g.用詞避免累贅，同義詞或近義詞最好不要同時出現(xiàn)。Teamworkisindispensable,essentialandcrucialifyouarenotanexperiencedlearnerorworker.Teamworkisindispensableifyouarenotanexperiencedlearnerorworker.2021/5/911三、時態(tài)、語態(tài)使用錯誤a.情態(tài)動詞后面加動詞原形1.Wecandowhatweshouldtodo,wecandowhatwecouldtodo

wecandowhatweshoulddo,wecandowhatwecando

2.Clothesfortravelshouldwaslightweightandpractical.

Clothesfortravelshouldbelightweightandpractical.2021/5/912b.助動詞，主要有：do(does,did),be(am,is,are,was,were),have(has,had),shall(should),will(would)Isitseemreasonable?Doesitseemreasonable?助動詞be后的動詞不能是原形，一定要是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞形式。Thebudgetofacountryshouldbebalanceeachyear.Thebudgetofacountryshouldbebalancedeachyear.2021/5/913c.有些句子的謂語動詞由助動詞（或情態(tài)動詞）與實義動詞構成，以構成一定的語態(tài)或時態(tài)。

IfeverybodybuysgoodswhicharemadeinChinareplaceJapanesegoods.

IfJapanesegoodsarereplacedbyonesaremadeinChina.2021/5/914d.動詞的語態(tài)要分清主動和被動。1.ifweboycottJapanesegoodsentirely,twocountries’relationswillcompletelybreak,…

ifweboycottJapanesegoodsentirely,twocountries’relationswillcompletelybebroken,…2.Consumerconfidencewillimprove,whichiscrucialtoaneconomicrecovery.Consumerconfidencewillbeimproved,whichiscrucialtoaneconomicrecovery.2021/5/915e.被動語態(tài)中,如果謂語動詞是由動介或動副短語構成且位于句尾，那么后面的介詞或者副詞不能夠省略。Atthenursinghome,elderscanbewellcared.Atthenursinghome,elderscanbewellcaredfor.2021/5/916四、前后不一致a.動名詞和不定式做主語的時候謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1.Raisingstandardsofliteracyarethegovernment’spriority.

Raisingstandardsofliteracyisthegovernment’spriority.2.Torearachildalonearechallengingtoanyparent.Torearachildaloneischallengingtoanyparent.2021/5/917b.當主語后跟著with,togetherwith,coupledwith,combinedwith,aswellas,like等詞引導的短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)跟前面主語的數(shù)保持一致。Overworking,coupledwithpoordiet,leadtophysicaldegeneration.Overworking,coupledwithpoordiet,leadstophysicaldegeneration.2021/5/918c.不定代詞anybody,anything,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing,somebody,something,each,none等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Evenifsomebodyfallsick,everythinggoonasusual.

Evenifsomebodyfallssick,everythinggoesonasusual.2021/5/919d.neither…nor…或者either…or…引導主語的時候，謂語動詞的數(shù)視鄰近動詞的那個主語而定。e.定語從句中動詞的數(shù)應該與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Parenting,whichareastressfuljob,hasbeenincreasinglyvaluedbysociety.Parenting,whichisastressfuljob,hasbeenincreasinglyvaluedbysociety.2021/5/920f.由what,whether,how,that,where等詞引導主語從句，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Nowadays,whetherDiaoyuIslandsbelongtoChinaorJapanbecomethefocusofthedebate.

Nowadays,whetherDiaoyuIslandsbelongtoChinaorJapanbecomesthefocusofthedebate.2021/5/921g.thenumberof+名詞的復數(shù)，后面謂語動詞用單數(shù)；anumberof+名詞的復數(shù)，后面謂語動詞用復數(shù)；ahugeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，后面謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Asignificantnumberofyoungpeoplehasbeenleavingthecountrysideforurbanareas.Asignificantnumberofyoungpeoplehavebeenleavingthecountrysideforurbanareas.2021/5/922五、謂語動詞使用錯誤a.及物動詞后一定要加名詞或者名詞性質(zhì)的成分作賓語，構成主語+謂語動詞+賓語的基本句型；否則就是錯誤的。Iwilldiscussinsomedetail.Iwilldiscussthistopicinsomedetail.2021/5/923b.不及物動詞后不能直接加任何名詞或者名詞性的詞語作賓語，如果要加賓語，則要加介詞；不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。1.Theaccidentwassimilartoonethatwashappenedlastyear.

Theaccidentwassimilartoonethathappenedlastyear.2.Idisagreemanypointsmadebythesupportersofglobalization.

Idisagreewithmanypointsmadebythesupportersofglobalization.2021/5/924c.有些動詞詞組不用被動語態(tài)。常見的有dependon,relyon,surviveon,ariseform,stemfrom,belongto,consistof，等等。1.PeoplewhofavortheviewbelievethatDiaoYuislandsarebelongedtoChina.

PeoplewhofavortheviewbelievethatDiaoYuislandsbelongtoChina.2.Asuccessfulorganizationshouldnotbeconsistedentirelyofolderpeople.

Asuccessfulorganizationshouldnotconsistentirelyofolderpeople.2021/5/925d.有一些及物動詞后面常跟雙賓語，構成主語+謂語動詞+雙賓語的基本句型（如bring,deny,grant,rend,show等等）Weshouldnotdenychildrenthattheyhavetheopportunitytostudywhattheylike.Weshouldnotdenychildrentheopportunitytostudywhattheylike.2021/5/926e.有一些及物動詞后面跟賓語和賓語補足語，構成主語+謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語的基本句型。注意：make,have,let這三個使役動詞后面跟的賓語補足語常用不加to的動詞不定式。1.InordertoletJapaneseknownthatweareunifiedintoaunitedfrontwithourgovernment.

InordertoletJapaneseknowthatweareunifiedintoaunitedfrontwithourgovernment.2.Whetherwelikeitornot,ourfamiliesshapeourlivesandmakeustobewhatweare.

Whetherwelikeitornot,ourfamiliesshapeourlivesandmakeuswhatweare.2021/5/927f.系動詞后面接表語，構成主語+系動詞+表語的基本句型。比如be,seem,look,get,stay,remain等。1.副詞不能作表語，形容詞則可以。Cyclingisbeneficiallytoourhealth.Cyclingisbeneficialtoourhealth.2.系動詞一般不用被動。Mostchildrenareseemedtobebetteratrememberingbadhabits,insteadofgoodones.Mostchildrenseemtobebetteratrememberingbadhabits,insteadofgoodones.2021/5/928六、詞性理解錯誤a.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞1.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前一定要加限定詞；對不可數(shù)名詞則無此約束。Computerisamachineforcollecting,processingandpresentinginformation.Acomputerisamachineforcollecting,processingandpresentinginformation.2021/5/9292.有一些詞或者短語后面要加復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（例如afew,few,avarietyof,various,other,numerous,anumberof,different,oneof,many等）Smokingcessationisoneofthelikelyfactorthatcontributetothedevelopmentofobesity.Smokingcessationisoneofthelikelyfactorsthatcontributetothedevelopmentofobesity.2021/5/9303.有一些詞或者短語后面要加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（例如anyother,another,each,neither,either）Manyteenagersbeginsmokinghabitsduetopeerpressurebutnotforanyotherreasons.Manyteenagersbeginsmokinghabitsduetopeerpressurebutnotforanyotherreason.2021/5/9314.有一些詞或者短語后面要加不可數(shù)名詞（例如alittle,little,much等）。Littleprogresseshavebeenmadetowardstacklingpoverty.Littleprogresshasbeenmadetowardstacklingpoverty.2021/5/9325.當主語被some/any,aproportionof,amajorityof等修飾的時候，謂語的數(shù)要與主語的數(shù)保持一致。Inmostdevelopedcountriesahighproportionofthepopulationnowentershighereducationatsometimeintheirlives.Inmostdevelopedcountriesahighproportionofthepopulationnowenterhighereducationatsometimeintheirlives.2021/5/933b.冠詞1.有一些形容詞前面常加定冠詞（比如only,very“恰好”,same等）Peoplewithsameexperienceshouldbepaidsame.Peoplewiththesameexperienceshouldbepaidthesame.2021/5/9342.序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前要加定冠詞。1.Tourismhasbecomethetopearnerofforeigncurrencyformanycountriessincelatetwentiethcentury.Tourismhasbecomethetopearnerofforeigncurrencyformanycountriessincethelatetwentiethcentury.2.Thecigaretteismostcommonmethodofsmokingtobacco.

Thecigaretteisthemostcommonmethodofsmokingtobacco.3.unique,university,union,European等詞的第一音節(jié)為輔音，不定冠詞應該用a；而hour和honour等單詞的第一個音節(jié)為元音，因此不定冠詞要用an。2021/5/935c.介詞1.介詞后不能跟句子，注意其與連詞的區(qū)別。比較容易被誤用為連詞的介詞或者介詞短語有despite,inspiteof,during,becauseof等。Manysmokersareunwillingtoceasesmokingdespitetheyhaveknowledgeofillhealtheffects.Manysmokersareunwillingtoceasesmokingdespitetheirknowledgeofillhealtheffects.2021/5/9362.to在句子中可能是介詞（需要加名詞或者具備名詞性質(zhì)的內(nèi)容），也可能是動詞不定式符號。要根據(jù)具體情況注意區(qū)分。如，在contributeto,leadto,payattentionto,giveriseto等詞組中，to都是介詞。Thoughitleadstonumerouspeopleareunemployed,weshouldadoptsomemeasurestohandlethissituation.Thoughitleadstonumerouspeople’sunemployed,weshouldadoptsomemeasurestohandlethissituation.2021/5/9373.有一些詞既可以作介詞也可以作連詞（跟句子），如for,since,after,before等。Traditionalbuildingsaredesiredsometimes,forthesimplereasonisthattheyareofcommercialandculturalvalues.Traditionalbuildingsaredesiredsometimes,forthesimplereasonthattheyareofcommercialandculturalvalues.4.有些介詞的用法是固定的，對于這種情況，必須牢記。IfwespendoneRMBonJapanesegoods,whichisequaltoweprovideabullettoJapan.

IfwespendoneRMBonJapanesegoods,whichisequaltoweprovideabulletforJapan.

2021/5/938c.動詞和非謂語動詞1.不定式短語可以作后置定語修飾一個名詞或者代詞，常和這個名詞或者代詞在邏輯上形成動賓關系，此時如果不定式短語中的動詞是不及物動詞，需加上相應的介詞。2.有些動詞加不定式作賓語或賓語補足語，如want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,cause,urge,force等。2021/5/939e.代詞Askingforadvicefromyourfamilyisbetterthanovercomingaproblemourselves.

Askingforadvicefromyourfamilyisbetterthanovercomingaproblemyourself.2021/5/940f.分詞（分詞具有形容詞的性質(zhì)）1.分詞有時候放在名詞后作定語，可以看作是定語從句的作用。2.分詞?？梢苑旁诰涫谆蛘呔淠┏洚敔钫Z。這個時候，要注意分詞表示的必須是主語的一個動作或者狀態(tài)。Infacedoftheterritorialdisputes,wecandowhatweneedtodo,wecandowhatweshoulddo…Facedwiththeterritorialdisputes,wecandowhatweneedtodo,wecandowhatweshouldtodo…2021/5/941g．動名詞和不定式動名詞和不定式的一個常見區(qū)別是：動名詞常表示狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)，描述抽象的、經(jīng)常性的、已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情；而不定式常表示的是目的、原因，描述具體的、一次性的、將要發(fā)生的事情。但具體的區(qū)別需要根據(jù)具體情況而定。例：Themainroleofateacheristeachingthestudentstheknowledgeaccumulatedovercenturiesofhumanexperience．

Themainroleofateacheristoteachthestudentstheknowledgeaccumulatedovercenturiesofhumanexperience．2021/5/942h．形容詞和副詞

1．副詞可以修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞和全句；形容詞只可以用來描寫或修飾名詞和代詞。例：Therearenoteasyanswerstotheproblemsfacingthiscountry．

Therearenoeasyanswerstotheproblemsfacingthiscountry．

2021/5/9432．雙音節(jié)的形容詞或者副詞比較級應該加er，最高級應該加est。對于這類詞的比較級和最高級要加以特別注意，很多考生經(jīng)常將strong，young，healthy這些詞誤以為是三音節(jié)詞。例：Inextremecircumstances，womenappeartobemorestrongthanexpected．

Inextremecircumstances，womenappeartobestrongerthanexpected．3．副詞在句子中作狀語，形容詞作表語。例：Youngdriversalemorepossiblytohaveaccidentsthanolddrivers．

Youngdriversaremorelikelytohaveaccidentsthanolddrivers．2021/5/944i．連詞

1．句子中的并列成分要用并列連詞連接。例：Animmigranttoanewcountryisnormallyunemployed，homeless，friendless．

Animmigranttoanewcountryisnormallyunemployed，homelessorfriendless．

2．從屬連詞(because，although，that等等)一定要連接兩個句子。例：Becauseitisnotserious．Becauseitisnotserious，manycountriesdonottakeanyrealcountermeasures．2021/5/9453.疑問詞who，what，which，where，how和when后直接加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語，它在句子中可以用作主語、賓語、表語等。例：Wedonotknowwhatdonext,aswehaveneverseenanythinglikeit.Wedonotknowwhattodonext，aswehaveneverseenanythinglikeit.Howdotheythink?Whydotheydothis?

Howcantheythink?Whydotheydothis?2021/5/946

4．however，therefore，otherwise，thus，hence等副詞常被誤認為是連詞，這些詞是不可以連接句子的。例：Today，manyyoungpeopleprefertoeatfastfoodsuchasfriedchicken．orpizzainfastfoodrestaurant，therefore，youngpeoplehaveagreaterriskofoverweight．

Today，manyyoungpeopleprefertoeatfastfoodsuchasfriedchicken，orpizzainfastfoodrestaurants；therefore，youngpeoplehaveagreaterriskofoverweight．2021/5/947七、單詞使用錯誤

因為各種原因，很多同學對單詞的理解有誤，因此在寫作過程中錯用單詞。常見的例子是insteadof，很多同學以為這是“代替”的意思，而insteadof不是動詞，是介詞。這樣的例子還有很多，在這里不贅述。例1：Tourismhasinsteadofagricultureasthemainindustryinmanyplaces．

Tourismhasreplacedagricultureasthemainindustryinmanyplaces．例2：Manypeoplecometothestreetandagainsttheso-calleddiaoyuislandsnationalization.

Manypeoplecometothestreetandopposetheso-calleddiaoyuislandsnationalization.

2021/5/948例3：SomepeoplewhodothisthinkitwillstraightlyblockthedevelopmentofJapan.

SomepeoplewhodothisthinkitwillstraightblockthedevelopmentofJapan.

例4：ManyChineseciviliansarehavingonthisboycottbehaviourforJapanese'saggressiononmilitary、politicalandeconomic.

ManyChineseciviliansarehavingonthisboycottbehaviourforJapanese'saggressiononmilitary、politicalandeconomicaffairs.

2021/5/949八、詞序和語序a．副詞的位置

1．動詞帶有一至三個助動詞時，頻度副詞一般放在第一個助動詞之后；動詞前有情態(tài)動詞時，頻度副詞放在情態(tài)動詞之后。例：Theimportanceofabalanceoftradetoahealthyeconomyhasbeenneverclearerthanitisnow．

Theimportanceofabalanceoftradetoahealthyeconomyhasneverbeenclearerthanitisnow．2021/5/9502．在疑問句中，副詞一般只能放在句中或句末。在有一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的疑問句中，副詞常放在實義動詞之前；在有兩個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的疑問句中，副詞的位置與其在陳述句中的位置相同。例：Canyousayhonestlythatyouhaveneverlied?

Canyouhonestlysaythatyouhaveneverlied?2021/5/9513．有的副詞位置非常靈活，如sometimes，often，soon，perhaps等，可放在句首、句中或句末。b．形容詞的位置形容詞大部分時候放在所修飾的詞的前面，但是也有例外：復合不定代詞的定語后置。例：Nearlyeveryimmigrantcomestorealiseimmediatelythatthereisincomprehensibleandpeculiarsomethingaboutthelocalculture．

Nearlyeveryimmigrantcomestorealiseimmediatelythatthereissomethingincomprehensibleandpeculiaraboutthelocalculture．2021/5/952九、倒裝和平行結構a．倒裝

1．So…that和such…that句型中，如果so或者such放在句首，則需要倒裝。例：SopopularInternetisthatitsimpactsonourdailylivesareworthyofconcern．

SopopularisInternetthatitsimpactsonourdailylivesareworthyofconcern．

2．“only+狀語”放在句首的時候，需要倒裝。例：Onlywhentheexternalconditionsarefavourablewecantacklethisproblem．

Onlywhentheexternalconditionsarefavourablecanwetacklethisproblem．2021/5/9533．否定詞語放在句首要倒裝，如never，hardly，rarely，seldom，barely，nowhere等。

例：Wehavemadeitclearthatundernocircumstanceswewoulduseitforpersonalaffairs．

Wehavemadeitclearthatundernocircumstanceswouldweuseitforpersonalaffairs．

4．具備否定意義的連詞放在句首也要倒裝，如notonly…butalso…,nor,notuntil等。例：Aquickdishdoesnotnecessarilymeanacompromiseofflavor．Norfastfoodhastobejunkfood．

Aquickdishdoesnotnecessarilymeanacompromiseofflavor．Nordoesfastfoodhavetobejunkfood．2021/5/9541．a(chǎn)nd和or的平行結構例1：Itiswidelyacceptedthattheprocessofeducationbeginsatbirthandcontinuingthroughout1ife．

Itiswidelyacceptedthattheprocessofeducationbeginsatbirthandcontinuesthroughoutlife．例2：Whiletertiaryeducationhasbeenpresentthroughoutmuchofhistory,itisnotuntilrecentlythatitseconomic，societyandpoliticsimportancehasbecomeprominent．

Whiletertiaryeducationhasbeenpresentthroughoutmuchofhistory,itisnotuntilrecentlythatitseconomic,socialandpoliticalimportancehasbecomeprominent．2021/5/9552．neither…nor…，aswellas，both…and…，notonly…butalso…，not…but…，thesame…as…的平行結構。例：Itisarguedthatanimalsshouldhavethesamerightsashumanbeing．Itisarguedthatanimalsshouldhavethesamerightsashumanbeings．2021/5/956十、從句使用錯誤a.定語從句(充當主句的定語，類似于定語形容詞的功能)1．如果先行詞指人，關系代詞都用who或that，不用which。例：Theelderly,whicharenormallyincapableoflookingafterthemselves,needtimeandcompassionfromtheirfamily．

Theelderly,whoarenormallyincapableoflookingafterthemselves,needtimeandcompassionfromtheirfamily．2021/5/9572．如果關系代詞在從句當中作定語，那么要用whose，而不是which或者who。例：Ofthosefast-growingcountries,China,whicheconomyhasbeengrowingat9percentperyear,isparticularlysuccessful．

Ofthosefast-growingcountries,China,whoseeconomyhasbeengrowingat9percentperyear，isparticularlysuccessful．2021/5/9583．關系代同如果是在介詞后面，只能用which或者whom，不能用that。例：ThereareplentyofnaturalresourcesinChina，mostofthatareunused．

ThereareplentyofnaturalresourcesinChina，mostofwhi