河南省高三質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）

第1頁/共1頁高三英語考生注意：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項(xiàng)目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時(shí)，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑;非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。4.本卷命題范圍：高考范圍。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatdoesthewomandecidetodoonNewYear’sDay?A.Stayathome.B.Watchaperformance.C.Dosomeshopping.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthebank.B.Attheairport.C.Atthepolicestation.3.Whydothewoman’sparentsfeelunhappy?AShequarreledwiththem.B.Sheplayedoutsidealone.C.Shedidn’tdowellinatest.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Grandmaandgrandson.B.Newfriends.C.Cousins.5.Whendoesthemoviestart?A.At4:00pm.B.At5:00pm.C.At6:00pm.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Findanewpart-timejob.B.Purchaseanewcomputer.C.Startabusinessinthemall.7.Whatisonthefourthfloor?A.Acomputerstore.B.Acandystore.C.Abookstore.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inauniversity.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inatravelagency.9.Wheredoesthemancomefrom?A.Canada.B.America.C.France.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatdoesthemanlikeabouttheoldmovies?A.Theplots.B.Thethemes.C.Thespecialeffects.11.Whichsuperherodoesthewomanconsiderthecoolest?A.IronMan.B.Batman.C.Spider-Man.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thehistoryofmovies.B.Charactersinpopularmovies.C.Oldmoviesandtoday’smovies.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthetraditionalwork-lifebalancelike?A.Peoplealwayshavetoworkovertime.B.Peopleenjoynon-workingactivitiesatwork.C.Peopleseparateworklivesfromprivatelives.14.Whatmightpeopledoafterworktraditionally?A.Takeupnewhobbies.B.Replytoworkemails.C.Workonadocument.15.Howdomobilephonesinfluencepeople’swork?A.Theyworkcompletelyonline.B.Theymayworkatanytime.C.Theycanavoidworkingathome.16.Whatadvantagedoesthemanthinkthenewworkingtrendhas?A.Highincomes.B.Lessworktime.C.Flexibleworkplaces.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Inwhichaspectdohomeschoolinganddistancelearningdiffergreatly?A.Thelearner.B.Theeducator.C.Thecoursecontent.18.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthomeschooling?A.Itisteacher-led.B.Itignoresemotion.C.Ithasnotimelimit.19.Whatisthespeaker?A.Ateacher.B.Astudent.C.Aparent.20.Whatshouldstudentsdoindistancelearning?A.Interactwiththeirteachers.B.Haveclassesintheevening.C.Finishtaskswithoutteachers’help.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANewScientistDiversityInternship(實(shí)習(xí))Program2022Foundedin1956,NewScientististheworld’smostpopularweeklyscienceandtechnologymagazine.Themagazine’steamsinLondonandaroundtheworldcoverinternationalnewsfromascientificstandpointandaskthebiggest-picturequestionsaboutlife,theuniverse,andwhatitmeanstobehuman.We’reofferingalearninganddevelopmentopportunityopentoanyone.Successfulapplicantswillbegina6-monthinternshipinOctober.TheinternshipwillbebasedinourHighStreetKensingtonoffice,London.Internshippositions:twonewsinternsandonevideointern●Newsinternswillreceiveonetoconementoring(指導(dǎo))fromanexperiencedjournalistandon-the-jobtraininginnewsandfeatureswriting,withyourworkpublishedbothonlineandinprint.●Ourvideointernwillbebasedinourvideoteam,You’lllearnhowtoproducescientificvideosfromideatopublication.You’llhavetheopportunitytocomewithusonshootsandbetrainedincamerawork.You’llalsoreceivetraininginnewswritingandsubediting(編輯校訂).Entryrequirements:●Youwillhavecompletedascience,technology,engineering,mathematicsorcomputingdegreebythestartoftheinternship.●Youhaveademonstrableinterestinwriting,videoeditingorjournalism.Otherimportantinformation:●Pleasesubmit200wordsexplaininghowyoumeettheserequirements,whichinternshippositionyouareapplyingfor,andwhyyouaretherightpersonforthisinternship.●Pleasewriteanarticleonarecentscientificdiscovery,between500and800words(fornewsinternapplications)orcreatea2～3-minutevideoonascientifictopicthatinterestsyou(forvideointernapplications).PleasesendyourapplicationtoTashanChong-Kan-t,chongkan@dmgmedia.co.ukbeforeJuly12!1.Howwilltheinternsbenefitfromthepositions?A.Theywillchooseworkplacesatwill. B.Theywillbecomefamousonline.C.Theywillgetprofessionaltraining. D.Theywillleadanindependentteam.2.Whatisamustfortheinternship?A.Arelevanteducationalbackground. B.Richexperienceinvideoediting.C.Theabilitytoproducenewsvideos. D.Awiderangeofinterestsandhobbies.3.Whatdoyouhavetopreparetoapplyfortheinternshippositions?A.Aprintedworkinjournalism. B.Abriefpersonalstatement.C.Arecentscientificdiscovery. D.Ashortvideoaboutdailylife.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了《新科學(xué)家》發(fā)布的招收實(shí)習(xí)生項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)內(nèi)容?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Internshippositions部分“●Newsinternswillreceiveonetoconementoring(指導(dǎo))fromanexperiencedjournalistandon-the-jobtraininginnewsandfeatureswriting,withyourworkpublishedbothonlineandinprint.(●新聞實(shí)習(xí)生將接受一名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的記者的一對一指導(dǎo)，并接受新聞和專題寫作的在職培訓(xùn)，您的作品將在網(wǎng)上和印刷版上發(fā)表)”及“You’llalsoreceivetraininginnewswritingandsubediting(編輯校訂).(你將有機(jī)會和我們一起拍攝并接受攝影訓(xùn)練。你還將接受新聞寫作和編輯方面的培訓(xùn))”可知，實(shí)習(xí)生將會受到專業(yè)的崗位培訓(xùn)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Entryrequirements部分“Youwillhavecompletedascience,technology,engineering,mathematicsorcomputingdegreebythestartoftheinternship.(實(shí)習(xí)開始時(shí)，你將完成科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程、數(shù)學(xué)或計(jì)算學(xué)位)”可知，實(shí)習(xí)生必須要擁有相關(guān)的教育背景。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Otherimportantinformation部分“Pleasesubmit200wordsexplaininghowyoumeettheserequirements,whichinternshippositionyouareapplyingfor,andwhyyouaretherightpersonforthisinternship.(請?zhí)峤?00字說明你如何滿足這些要求，你申請的是哪個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)職位，以及為什么你是這個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)的合適人選)”可知，你在提出申請之前需準(zhǔn)備一份簡短的個(gè)人申請陳述。故選B。BTheemailsubjectlinecaughtmyattention:“StillinterestedintheCutlass?”Mom’scar.Myfingerpausedoverthecomputermouse.Mom’s1971greenCutlasscarwasatimelessbeauty.Myfavoritechildhoodmemorieswereofusridinginit.Momalwaysworeherbigsunglasses,withascarftiedcarefullyoverherheadtoprotecthersalon-styledhair.IfeltIwasridingwithaHollywoodstar.ThesememorieswereallIhadleftofMom.She’ddiedwhenIwasonly15.Manyofherthingsweregivenawayorsold.TheCutlasshadbeenboughtbyacollectorinMichigan.I’dconnectedwithhimyearsbefore,askingifhemightbeinterestedinselling.He’dpolitelydemurred.Still,Icouldn’tletgooftheideaofonedayowningit,especiallyafterIgotmarriedandbecameafather.Withmydaughter,Arden,now11andmyson,Hudson,now7.Iwishedmymomwastheretoseeusall.Itoldmykidsstoriesabouttheirgrandmother.Butastorywasn’tthesameasarealconnection.I’doftenimaginedthatarideinMom’scarwouldchangeallofthat.Nowherewasthisemail.Iopenedit.“Severalpeoplehaveaskedtopurchasethatclassiccar.”itread.“It’stimetosell,butIwantedtogiveyouthefirstoptiontobuyifyou’restillinterested,”“Absolutely!”Ityped.ThedaywhenIdrovetocheckonthecar,thecollectorpassedmeasmallbag.“Mom’ssunglasses!”IcriedasIopenedthebag.Finally,thecarwastransportedtomyhouse.Mywifetookpicturesofthe“firstride”asthekidsclimbedinandsatwhereIhadsatsomanyyearsagowithmymombehindthewheel.IbroughtMom’sglassesintothecarwithme.“CanIwearthem?”Ardenasked,asIstartedthecar.“Youbet,”Isaid.IknewMomlovedthat.4.Whatistheauthor’simpressionofhismom?A.Aggressive. B.Distant. C.Conservative. D.Fashionable.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demurred”inparagraph3probablymen?A.Appeared. B.Refused. C.Answered. D.Continued.6.Whydidthecollectorsendanemailtotheauthor?A.Tosellthecaratamuchhigherprice.B.Tosechisinterestinsellingantiques.C.Toofferhimanopportunitytogetthecar.D.Totellhimthepopularityofhismom’scar.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Asurprisingemail. B.Afamilyconnection.C.Achildhoodadventure. D.Ashoppingexperience.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了媽媽去世后，媽媽的車和與媽媽驅(qū)車兜風(fēng)的經(jīng)歷成了作者為數(shù)不多的關(guān)于媽媽的回憶。成家后的作者渴望自己的家人能和媽媽有一種切實(shí)的連接，因此作者通過努力買回了媽媽的車，也重新建立起了自己渴望已久的家庭聯(lián)系?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Momalwaysworeherbigsunglasses,withascarftiedcarefullyoverherheadtoprotecthersalon-styledhair.IfeltIwasridingwithaHollywoodstar.(媽媽總是戴著她的大墨鏡，頭上仔細(xì)地系著圍巾，以保護(hù)她沙龍式的頭發(fā)。我覺得我和好萊塢明星在一起)”可知，在作者的印象中，媽媽是十分時(shí)尚的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“I’dconnectedwithhimyearsbefore,askingifhemightbeinterestedinselling.He’dpolitelydemurred.(幾年前我就和他聯(lián)系過，問他是否有興趣賣掉。他禮貌地demurred)”以及第四段“Still,Icouldn’tletgooftheideaofonedayowningit,especiallyafterIgotmarriedandbecameafather.(盡管如此，我還是不能放棄有一天擁有它的想法，尤其是在我結(jié)婚成為父親之后)”可知，收藏家拒絕了作者買車的想法，劃線單詞表示“拒絕”，與refused同義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theemailsubjectlinecaughtmyattention:“StillinterestedintheCutlass?”Mom’scar.(電子郵件主題行引起了我的注意：“還對Cutlass感興趣嗎？”)”以及第五段“Nowherewasthisemail.Iopenedit.“Severalpeoplehaveaskedtopurchasethatclassiccar.”itread.“It’stimetosell,butIwantedtogiveyouthefirstoptiontobuyifyou’restillinterested,”(就是這封電子郵件。我打開它，上面寫著：“好幾個(gè)人要求購買那輛經(jīng)典汽車?！薄笆菚r(shí)候賣了，但我想給你第一個(gè)選擇，如果你仍然感興趣的話，”)”可知，收藏家給作者發(fā)電子郵件是為了詢問作者是否依然想要買那輛車，如果是的話，作者可以擁有優(yōu)先購買的機(jī)會。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Itoldmykidsstoriesabouttheirgrandmother.Butastorywasn’tthesameasarealconnection.I’doftenimaginedthatarideinMom’scarwouldchangeallofthat.(我給孩子們講了他們祖母故事。但故事與真實(shí)的聯(lián)系并不相同。我經(jīng)常想象坐在媽媽的車?yán)飼淖冞@一切)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文將媽媽的車看作一種家庭連接，以媽媽的車為線索，講述了作者為買回這輛車（即重新建立起家庭聯(lián)系）所做的努力，所以本文主要講的是家庭聯(lián)系。故選B項(xiàng)。CMostfarmsarelocatedinruralareasandareirrigatedbyfreshwater.Now,astartupinScotlandisfarmingnearthecoastandusingseawatertogrowcrops.Usingthewateroftheoceanforirrigationcanbeagamechangerforahungryworld.Foodproductionneedstoincreaseby70percentinthenext30yearstokeepupwithpopulationincreases.Freshwateronlymakesuptwopercentofallthewateroftheplanet,anditisgrowingscarcerinmanyplaceslikeScotlandduetoclimatechange.Now,SeawaterSolutions,aGlasgow-basednon-governmentalorganizationfoundedin2017,isusingsaltwaterinsteadoffreshwatertogrowcrops.Co-founderandCEOYanikNyberglivedandworkedinareasofAfricaandAsiathathavebeennegativelyimpactedbywaterscarcityandglobalwarming.SeawaterSolutionswascreatedtoaddresstheissuesofcoastalcommunitiesthatfacetheurgentconcernoflandsalinization(鹽漬化),accordingtotheorganization’swebsite.Inaninterview,NybergtoldTheNationthathecameupwiththeideaofredevelopingdegradedfarmlandandturningitintoartificialwetlandecosystemsthatuseseawaterandgrowplantsthatcantoleratethesalt,“It’sarelativelysimpleconcept,”hesaid.“Seawaterisintroducedtocoastalfarmland,wherenaturallysalt-tolerantcropsaregrown.Thesecropsstoremassiveamountsofcarbonandareextremelynutritious,beingcalled‘superfoods’acrosstheworld.”Thenewfarmlandconsistsofartificialsaltwatermarshes(沼澤)thathaveseawaterpumpedoverthem.Thentheecosystemwillbeusedforsalineplants,whichcanbeusedforfood,biofuels,sea-plantanimalfoods,andasrawmaterialsforcosmetics.DownhillFarminAyrshire,ScotlanduseswaterfromtheAtlanticOceantogrowcrops.SeawaterSolutionsalsohasprojectsinGhana,Malawi,NamibiaandSpain,withmoreintheplanningstage.Whilegrowingcropsinseawaterisahardsell,itisanenvironmentallysoundwaytomeetthefooddemandsofagrowingworldpopulation.8.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.PointingoutseriousfoodproblemsinScotland.B.Warningfarmersofthedecreaseofthefarmland.C.Analyzingtheconsequencesofpopulationincreases.D.Showingthenecessityofgrowingcropswithseawater.9.WhywasSeawaterSolutionsfounded?A.Toservethelocalgovernment. B.Todealwithlandsalinization.C.Toremovecoastalcommunities. D.Topurifyseawaterinsomeareas.10.Whatcanweknowabouttheplantsonthenewfarmland?A.Theyhaveawiderangeofuses. B.Theyarenutritiousbutexpensive.C.Theyproveunpopularintheworld. D.Theyaresalt-freeandhealthyfoods.11.HowdoestheauthorfindSeawaterSolution’sprojectinScotland?A.Itdeservescertainrecognition. B.Itdisturbsthewetlandecosystem.C.Itisinapplicabletootherplaces. D.Itiseasilyacceptableandadoptable.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了大多數(shù)農(nóng)場位于農(nóng)村地區(qū)，用淡水灌溉?，F(xiàn)在，蘇格蘭一家初創(chuàng)公司在海岸附近利用海水種植農(nóng)作物。利用海水進(jìn)行灌溉可能會給食物日漸匱乏的世界帶來改變?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Foodproductionneedstoincreaseby70percentinthenext30yearstokeepupwithpopulationincreases.Freshwateronlymakesuptwopercentofallthewateroftheplanet,anditisgrowingscarcerinmanyplaceslikeScotlandduetoclimatechange.”（未來30年，糧食產(chǎn)量需要增加70%，才能跟上人口增長的步伐。淡水只占地球上所有水的2%，由于氣候變化，在蘇格蘭等許多地方，淡水越來越稀缺）可知，人口的增長迫切需要食物生產(chǎn)的增長，但是淡水占比很少而且日漸減少。又根據(jù)第一段中“Usingthewateroftheoceanforirrigationcanbeagamechangerforahungryworld.”（利用海水進(jìn)行灌溉可以改變饑餓世界的游戲規(guī)則）可推斷，第二段主要說明用海水種植農(nóng)作物的必要性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“SeawaterSolutionswascreatedtoaddresstheissuesofcoastalcommunitiesthatfacetheurgentconcernoflandsalinization,accordingtotheorganization’swebsite.”（根據(jù)該組織的網(wǎng)站，“海水解決方案”的創(chuàng)建是為了解決沿海社區(qū)面臨的土地鹽堿化的緊迫問題）可知，SeawaterSolutions的建立主要是為了應(yīng)對鹽漬化問題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thenewfarmlandconsistsofartificialsaltwatermarshes(沼澤)thathaveseawaterpumpedoverthem.Thentheecosystemwillbeusedforsalineplants,whichcanbeusedforfood,biofuels,sea-plantanimalfoods,andasrawmaterialsforcosmetics.”（新的農(nóng)田由人工咸水沼澤組成，海水在濕地上泵過。然后，這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將被用于鹽植物，鹽植物可以用作食物、生物燃料、海洋植物動物食品，還可以作為化妝品的原料）可知，用海水灌溉的新的農(nóng)田中的植物用途廣泛。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段，尤其是“DownhillFarminAyrshire,ScotlanduseswaterfromtheAtlanticOceantogrowcrops.”（蘇格蘭艾爾郡的下坡農(nóng)場使用來自大西洋的水來種植作物）及“Whilegrowingcropsinseawaterisahardsell,itisanenvironmentallysoundwaytomeetthefooddemandsofagrowingworldpopulation.”（雖然在海水中種植作物很難推銷，但這是一種環(huán)保的方式，可以滿足不斷增長的世界人口的糧食需求）可推斷，作者認(rèn)為SeawaterSolutions在蘇格蘭用海水種植農(nóng)作物的這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是值得一定的認(rèn)可的。故選A項(xiàng)。DUSscientistshavefoundthatthespiritofgivingmaystartalotearlierthanpreviouslythought.Thisfollowstheiramazingdiscoverythatevenhungrybabiesarewillingtogiveupatastysnacktohelpothers,spontaneously(自發(fā)地)sharingtheirfoodwithstrangersinneedfromtheageofaround19months.ResearchersattheUniversityofWashington’sInstituteforLearning&BrainSciencescarriedoutastudytoseeifinfants(幼兒)wouldhelpunknownadultsinteractingwiththembyshowingthemadelicious-lookingpieceoffruit.Andtheyalsowentfurther.Wouldtheseveryyoungkidsbewillingtogiveupthefoodtoothers,evenatacosttothemselves?“Wethinkaltruism(利他主義)isimportanttostudy.Weadultshelpeachotherwhenweseeanotherinneedandwedothisevenifthereisacosttotheself.Sowetestedtherootsofthisininfants,”explainsRodolfoCortesBarraganoftheUniversityofWashingtonteam.Intheirfirstexperiment,whichinvolved48infantsthatwereonlyaround19monthsold,theresearchersbeganbyshowingeachchildapieceofchild-friendlyfruit.Theytheneitherthrewthefruitgentlyontothefloorwithintheinfants’reachwithoutshowinganyemotion,anddidn’ttrytogetitback,oralternatively,pretendedtoaccidentallydropthefruitontothefloorbeforereachingforitunsuccessfully.Theteamfoundthatthedisplayofreachingforthefruit,whichshowedtheadults’desireforit,couldgetahelpingresponseintheinfants,withoverhalfpickingituptogiveitbacktotheadults.Butonlyfourpercentdidthatwhentheadultshadbeenemotionless.Thesecondexperimentwastimedrightbeforetheirregularsnackstoensurethechildrenwerehungry.Butsurprisingly,theresultsalmostmirroredthoseofthefirstexperiment!Thesefindingsledtheteamtoconcludethatkidshaveatendencytospontaneouslyhelpstrangers.Theybelievedthatthisisn’tanabilitythat’slearned.However,theydidpointoutthatearlysocialexperiencescanshapealtruism.12.WhatdoesRodolfoCortesBarragantrytoexplain?A.Whyinfantsarechosenforresearch. B.Thedefinitionofthespiritofgiving.C.Theimportanceofbeingaltruistic. D.Howadultshelpeachother.13.Whatdidtheresearchersdototheinfantsinthefirstexperiment?A.Theykepttheminahungrystate. B.Theyfedthemwiththeirregularsnacks.C.Theyshowedattractivefruittothem. D.Theystoppedthemreachingforfruit.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph5referto?A.Showingastrongdesireforthefruit. B.Givingthefruittoemotionlessadults.C.Pickingupthefruitforthemselves. D.Helpingtheadultstogetthefruit.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AltruismProvesVitalforInfantsAsWell B.EarlySocialExperiencesShapeAltruismC.PeopleTendtoShareFoodWithStrangers D.AltruisticGivingMayStartinInfancy【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明，利他主義的給予可能開始于幼兒時(shí)期?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Wethinkaltruism(利他主義)isimportanttostudy.Weadultshelpeachotherwhenweseeanotherinneedandwedothisevenifthereisacosttotheself.Sowetestedtherootsofthisininfants,”explainsRodolfoCortesBarraganoftheUniversityofWashingtonteam.（RodolfoCortesBarragan解釋道：‘我們認(rèn)為利他主義是很重要的，需要研究。我們成年人在看到其他人需要幫助時(shí)，會伸出援助之手，即使有時(shí)會需要付出一些代價(jià)。因此我們就在嬰兒身上去尋找源頭?！盧odolfoCortesBarragan主要闡釋了以幼兒為研究對象的原因，故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Intheirfirstexperiment,whichinvolved48infantsthatwereonlyaround19monthsold,theresearchersbeganbyshowingeachchildapieceofchild-friendlyfruit.（在他們的首次實(shí)驗(yàn)中，他們將48個(gè)只有19個(gè)月大的嬰兒作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象。研究者開始給每個(gè)孩子展示一塊適合兒童食用的水果。）”可知，研究人員們向幼兒們展示了誘人的水果，故選C?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章中劃線詞前“Theteamfoundthatthedisplayofreachingforthefruit,whichshowedtheadults’desireforit,couldgetahelpingresponseintheinfants,withoverhalfpickingituptogiveitbacktotheadults.（研究組發(fā)現(xiàn)，伸手拿水果的行為，顯示了成年人對水果的渴望，可在嬰兒身上得到幫助，超過一半的人會拿起水果還給成年人。）”可推知，此處的that指代前文的“giveitbacktotheadults.（拿起水果還給成年人。）”，也就是“幫助成年人拿到水果”，故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“USscientistshavefoundthatthespiritofgivingmaystartalotearlierthanpreviouslythought.（美國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，給予精神開始可能比之前想象的要早得多。）”最后一段“Thesefindingsledtheteamtoconcludethatkidshaveatendencytospontaneouslyhelpstrangers.（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)使研究小組得出結(jié)論，孩子有自發(fā)幫助陌生人的傾向）”可知，文章主要介紹了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究及其得出的結(jié)論——利他主義的給予可能開始于幼兒時(shí)期。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Obesity(肥胖癥)isacomplicatedandharmfuldisease.Butchangesthatincludehealthyeatinghabits,regularexerciseandotherlifestyleadjustmentscanhelpfightagainstobesityandresultinabetterqualityoflife.___16___.1.Talktoyourdoctor___17___.Sometimespotentialfactors,suchasthyroid(conditionsorevenmeditationsyou’retaking,canbeatleastpartlyresponsibleforyourweightgainormakeithardertoloseweight.Yourdoctorcanexamineyouandthensuggestpropertreatment.Yourdoctorcanalsohelpyoutosetahealthyandrealisticweightgoalbasedonyourcurrentweight,medicalhistoryandotherfactors.2.SetsmallergoalsinthebeginningOnceyougetthegreenlighttopursueweightloss,setaninitialgoaltolose5to10percentofyourtotalweight.Thatmakesitagoodplacetostart.___18___,you’llwanttosetsmallergoalsalongthewaytokeepyoumotivatedandworkingtowardyourfinalgoalweight.3.___19___Eatfoodsfromallfoodgroups,butwatchtheamount.Eventoomuchofahealthyfoodcanslowdownyourprogressifyou’reeatingmorecaloriesthanyou’reburning.Avoidpackagedfoods,fortheyhavebeenlinkedtoweightgain.Havemealsmadeathomewithfreshandwholefoods.4.ExerciseforweightlossAdultsshoulddoatleast110minutesaweekofmoderate-intensitycardio(有氧運(yùn)動)suchaswalkingandbiking,or75minutesaweekofhigh-intensitycardiolikerunning.Physicalactivityshouldbespreadoutthroughtheweek.___20___—thosenumbersaresomethingyoucanworktoward.Beingpatientwithyourselfiskey.A.Here’showtogetstartedB.AdjustyourdietforweightlossC.CutdowntheamountofthefoodyoueatD.BecauselosingweightwhenyouhaveobesityisamarathonE.Fortunately,youcanfurtherlearnaboutobesityinmanywaysF.Ifthatsoundslikealot,rememberthatyoudon’thavetogetthererightawayG.Beforestartinglosingweight,you’dbetterdiscussyoursituationswithaphysician【答案】16.A17.G18.D19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何對抗肥胖?！?6題詳解】空前說“Butchangesthatincludehealthyeatinghabits,regularexerciseandotherlifestyleadjustmentscanhelpfightagainstobesityandresultinabetterqualityoflife.(但是，包括健康的飲食習(xí)慣、規(guī)律的鍛煉和其他生活方式的調(diào)整可以幫助對抗肥胖，從而獲得更好的生活質(zhì)量。)”以及下文的各個(gè)小標(biāo)題是建議可知，接下來要講如何對抗肥胖，A選項(xiàng)“Here’showtogetstarted(下面是如何開始)”引出了下文的幾條建議，因此A選項(xiàng)引起下文，符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】本段小標(biāo)題是“Talktoyourdoctor(和你的醫(yī)生談?wù)?”，G選項(xiàng)“Beforestartinglosingweight,you’dbetterdiscussyoursituationswithaphysician(在開始減肥之前，你最好和醫(yī)生討論一下你的情況)”說明了要和醫(yī)生談?wù)?，和小?biāo)題內(nèi)容吻合，因此G選項(xiàng)引起下文，符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】空后說“you’llwanttosetsmallergoalsalongthewaytokeepyoumotivatedandworkingtowardyourfinalgoalweight(你會想要在這個(gè)過程中設(shè)定一個(gè)小的目標(biāo)，以保持你的動力，并朝著你的最終目標(biāo)體重努力)”，說明減肥所需的時(shí)間比較長，D選項(xiàng)“Becauselosingweightwhenyouhaveobesityisamarathon(因?yàn)楫?dāng)你肥胖的時(shí)候減肥是一場馬拉松)”說明了減肥需要很長的時(shí)間，因此才需要設(shè)定目標(biāo)后去努力朝目標(biāo)進(jìn)發(fā)，因此D選項(xiàng)引起下文，符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳解】空格處是本段的小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)空格下方的“Avoidpackagedfoods,fortheyhavebeenlinkedtoweightgain.Havemealsmadeathomewithfreshandwholefoods.(避免包裝食品，因?yàn)樗鼈兣c體重增加有關(guān)。在家里用新鮮和天然的食物做飯。)”可知，要調(diào)整你的飲食，B選項(xiàng)“Adjustyourdietforweightloss(為減肥調(diào)整你的飲食)”概括了本段內(nèi)容，可作為小標(biāo)題，故選B?！?0題詳解】空前說“Adultsshoulddoatleast110minutesaweekofmoderate-intensitycardio(有氧運(yùn)動),suchaswalkingandbiking,or75minutesaweekofhigh-intensitycardiolikerunning.Physicalactivityshouldbespreadoutthroughtheweek.(成年人每周至少應(yīng)該做110分鐘中等強(qiáng)度的有氧運(yùn)動，比如散步和騎自行車，或者每周做75分鐘高強(qiáng)度的有氧運(yùn)動，比如跑步。體育活動應(yīng)該在一周中分散進(jìn)行。)”，空后說“thosenumbersaresomethingyoucanworktoward.Beingpatientwithyourselfiskey(這些數(shù)字是你可以為之努力的。對自己有耐心是關(guān)鍵。)”，也就是說不必強(qiáng)求自己一定要立刻達(dá)到空前所說的運(yùn)動量，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Ifthatsoundslikealot,rememberthatyoudon’thavetogetthererightaway(如果這聽起來很多，記住你不需要馬上實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo))”，故選F。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Therearetimesinlifewhenwedon’thavetheenergyorfaithtosolveourproblems.Wecan’tfindthewayto____21____.That’swhenourfriends____22____us.Whenweareweak,theybecomeour____23____.Whenweare____24____,theyliftusup.Friendsremindusthroughtheiractionsthatwearenot____25____—theystandwith,prayforandcomfortus.Evenwhensomefriendsdon’tknowhowtohelp,they____26____tobethereforus.AuthorParkerJ.Palmerinhisbook,LetYourLifeSpeak,sharesaboutthetimehewas____27____depressionathome.Herecallsthatsomepeoplewhovisitedhimtriedto____28____himup.Theysaid,“It’sabeautifulday.Whydon’tyougooutandtakeawalk?”Althoughheunderstoodtheir____29____,itmadehimmoredepressed.Othersremindedhimthathewasateacherandwriterwhohad_____30_____manypeople.Theysaid,“Trytorememberallthegoodyou’vedoneandsurelyyou’llfeelbetter.”That_____31_____,too,lefthimdepressed.ThenonefriendnamedBillaskedParker’spermissiontodropbyhis_____32_____intheafternoons.BillwouldsitParkerinthechair,_____33_____hisshoesandsocksandforhalfanhour,massage(按摩)hisfeet.BillfoundtheonlyplaceinParker’sbodywherehecouldstillexperience_____34_____andreconnectwiththehumanrace.Billwould_____35_____dothatandalmostsay_____36_____.Whenhetalkedoccasionally,hewouldnot_____37_____anysuggestionbutmirrorParker’sfeelings.Thatsimpleactof_____38_____waswhathelpedParker_____39_____hisdarktime.Wearethankfultothefriendswhostandbyusinuncomplicatedways.Andwearethankfulfortheopportunitytobetheoneswhoare_____40_____forourfriendswhentheyareinneed.21.A.fallbehind B.growup C.dropby D.pushahead22.A.copy B.need C.beat D.carry23.A.competition B.factor C.strength D.barrier24.A.up B.in C.down D.out25.A.alone B.awake C.alive D.asleep26.A.choose B.pretend C.decline D.fail27.A.spreading B.battling C.studying D.explaining28.A.give B.cheer C.bring D.cut29.A.intention B.excuse C.routine D.debate30.A.challenged B.helped C.remembered D.encountered31.A.promise B.agreement C.advice D.reward32.A.classroom B.house C.agency D.hospital33.A.remove B.repair C.make D.sell34.A.memories B.feelings C.topics D.pains35.A.suddenly B.eventually C.hardly D.simply36.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything37.A.take B.hear C.offer D.assess38.A.adventure B.teaching C.praise D.care39.A.sortout B.keeptrackof C.getthrough D.makeuseof40.A.curious B.honest C.silent D.present【答案】21.D22.D23.C24.C25.A26.A27.B28.B29.A30.B31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D36.A37.C38.D39.C40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文以一位作家Parker和其朋友Bill之間的故事為例證，告訴我們，當(dāng)我們無力前行的時(shí)候，朋友總會支持和幫助我們。朋友總會用行動告訴我們，我們并不孤單。也許有時(shí)候朋友不知道如何幫忙，但是他們會堅(jiān)持陪伴著我們?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們找不到前進(jìn)的方法。A.fallbehind倒退；B.growup長大；C.dropby順道拜訪；D.pushahead前進(jìn)，推動。根據(jù)上文“Therearetimesinlifewhenwedon’thavetheenergyorfaithtosolveourproblems.”可知，作者的意思是我們不知道怎么解決問題之后繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這時(shí)，我們的朋友會支撐著我們。A.copy拷貝；B.need需求；C.beat打?。籇.carry支持。根據(jù)下文“Whenweareweak,theybecomeour____3____.Whenweare____4____,theyliftusup.Friendsremindusthroughtheiractionsthatwearenot____5____—theystandwith,prayforandcomfortus.”可知，當(dāng)我們遇到困難時(shí)，總會有朋友們在身邊支持我們。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們軟弱時(shí)，他們就會成為我們的力量。A.competition競爭；B.factor因素；C.strength力量；D.barrier障礙。根據(jù)下文“theystandwith,prayforandcomfortus.”可知，當(dāng)我們軟弱時(shí)，朋友就會成為我們的力量。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們跌倒時(shí)，他們會把我們扶起來。A.up向上；B.in在……里面；C.down向下；D.out在外面。根據(jù)下文“theystandwith,prayforandcomfortus.”可知，當(dāng)我們跌倒時(shí)，朋友會把我們扶起來。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：朋友通過他們的行動提醒我們，我們并不孤單。A.alone獨(dú)自的；孤獨(dú)的；B.awake醒著的；C.alive活著的；D.asleep睡著的。根據(jù)下文“theystandwith,prayforandcomfort