閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧課件講義

閱讀理解解題技巧之StrategiesforQuestionsofDetails細(xì)節(jié)理解題.數(shù)量年份項(xiàng)目2014主旨作者意細(xì)節(jié)理猜測(cè)詞大意圖、觀解義點(diǎn)態(tài)度11112推理判斷52013201232119132153Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.2011年廣東26.Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen______.A.theyoffertheirhelpB.theyreceiveothers'helpC.theyfeelothers'kindnessD.theyshowtheirweakness迅速定位：在題干找定位詞1A?解題思路：?如何迅速地找答案？?1.定位信息點(diǎn)－－通過尋讀法，用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞（包括專有名詞、數(shù)詞、實(shí)體名詞、形容詞、副詞，以及這些詞的同義詞）在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。注意：文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的專有名詞是全文描述對(duì)象的中心，沒有唯一出處，所以不能算是定位詞。2.排除字眼相同或相近但意思相悖的選項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)與原文意思相同但表達(dá)不同。鞏固練習(xí)1Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon'tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.2011年廣東DTheauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause________.A.hehasasoftheartB.hereliesmuchonothersC.somepeoplepretendtobekind.D.somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers鞏固練習(xí)2?Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportfortheduty.2014年廣東?Inhisapplicationforthevolunteerjob,theauthor_________.?A.participatedinmanydiscussions?B.wentthroughchallengingsurvivaltestssurvivaltests生存測(cè)試?C.wrotequiteafewpapersonvoluntarywork?D.facedstrongcompetitionfromothercandidatesD迅速定位：找題干定位詞2WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother'sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.2010年廣東Whywastheauthor'smotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.A解題思路：?題干設(shè)計(jì)有時(shí)候會(huì)避開原文中所用的詞匯，而用其同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或同根詞設(shè)題。?做這類題目時(shí)，考生需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理，然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別，這是介于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，對(duì)考生來說有一定難度。鞏固練習(xí)?Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis________C．A．technicalissuesB．safetyofthesystemC．financialproblemsD．maintenanceofrailwaytracks2010年江蘇迅速定位：2.找選項(xiàng)中的定位詞?Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithkindsofharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue??A.Foodpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.?B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.?C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.?D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.BJaekwon'snewideaisnotonlyinthebattery'ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體).Kwon'sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶格結(jié)構(gòu))ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid.“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery'spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.?AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery_____.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentonesC.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltestC數(shù)字計(jì)算題?解題思路：?數(shù)字計(jì)算題也是近幾年高考中?？嫉膬?nèi)容，解答此類試題的方法是先來理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算等就能夠得出正確的答案。?Morepersonalizedwildlifeviewinglimitedto130peopleprovidingcloserviewingofthepenguinarrivalthanthemainviewingstands.?Adult$25.00Child$12.502014高三模擬?Howmuchwouldacouplewithonechildpayforacloserviewingtour??A$37.50.B.$62.50.C.$25.00.D.$12.50.B四、排序題HowNat'sTwitterFeederWorks:Whenamessageissentto@feedtobyitisreceivedbyamini-computerthatislinkedtothefoodmachine.Whenthemini-computerreceivesthemessage,abellringsandTobycomesrunningoverandsitsinfrontofthefeedingmachine.Nextthemachine'smotorpullsopenatrapdoorwhichreleasesaservingoffood.ThedoggybiscuitsthendropsintoToby'sfoodbowl.FinallyadigitalcameratakesaphotoofhimandsendsitbacktoNatonTwitter-soheknowsTobyhasbeenfed.34.WhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofhowtheTwitterFeederworks?a.Thebellgoesoff.b.Amessageissentto@feedtoby.c.Themini-computergetsthemessage.d.ThedigitalcameratakesaphotoofTobyandsendsittoNat.e.Themotorstartstoworkandopensthedoortoreleasedogfood.A.a,b,c,e,dB.b,c,e,a,dC.b,c,a,e,dD.c,b,a,d,eC排列順序題?解題思路：?做這種題時(shí)可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。鞏固練習(xí)?In1905,AlbertEinsteinpublishedsomeimportantpapersinaGermanscientificmagazine.Theyincludedoneofthemostimportantscientificdocumentsinhistory.Itexplainedwhatcametobecalledhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity”.Tenyearslater,heexpandedittoa“GeneralTheoryofRelativity”.In1921,hewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.Itwasgiventohimnotforhistheoriesofrelativity,butforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect.AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyin1933.hemovedtotheUnitedStatestocontinuehisresearch.EinsteinbecameacitizenoftheUnitedStatesin1940.?What'stherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutAlbertEinstein??aHebecameacitizenoftheUnitedStates?bHewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics?cHePutforwardhis“GeneralTheoryofRelativity”.?dHeleftGermanyfortheUnitedStates?Ad,b,c,aBd,a,c,bCb,c,d,aDc,b,d,aD綜合檢測(cè)?【2010全國(guó)II】A篇WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.?41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.B小結(jié)：?細(xì)節(jié)理解解題方法三大法寶：順序原則、定位詞、排除法1.把握解題的順序原則。一般來說隱含題目答案的位置與題目的順序是一致的，這能幫助我們縮小尋找范圍，大大提高效率。2.通過定位詞尋找出題點(diǎn)通過定位詞解題，就是說我們?cè)陂喿x題干的時(shí)候迅速的把題干中有標(biāo)記意義的詞或詞組劃記出來，然后用這個(gè)詞回到原文當(dāng)中定位。3.排除法（1）正確選項(xiàng)的特征正確選項(xiàng)雖然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改寫，意思不變。如換一個(gè)同義詞，把否定改為肯定，把肯定改為否定等。a．張冠李戴：把A事物的特點(diǎn)說成是B事物的，企圖混淆視聽。b.斷章取義：抓住一個(gè)字眼或細(xì)節(jié)做文章，對(duì)作者本意歪曲的理解。c.過度猜測(cè)：文中并沒有出現(xiàn)和選項(xiàng)一致的直接信息，選項(xiàng)對(duì)文意進(jìn)行了不切實(shí)際的過度猜測(cè)。????綜合檢測(cè)1?AtraincrashhappenedlateSaturdaywhentrainD301hitTrainD3115nearWenzhouinJiangsuProvince,leavingatleast39peopledeadand192othersinjured.?Q:Howmanypersonsweredeadandinjuredintheaccident??A.Atleast39B.192C.About231D.About153C綜合檢測(cè)2ButDavid'sbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.Eventhoughheearnsalot,hecannotdriveacar,takeoutamortgage,orgetcreditcards.DavidgothisjobwiththeLiverpool-basecompanyfourmonthsago,ayearafterleavingschoolwithsixO-levelsandworkingforatimeinacomputershop.“IgotthejobbecausethepeoplewhorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprograms,”hesaid.Davidspendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothes,andgiveshismother50poundsaweek.Butmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.Q:WhywasDavidabletogetthejobinthecompany?A.Hehaddonewellinallhisexams.B.hehadwrittensomecomputerprograms.C.Hewasgoodatplayingcomputergames.D.Hehadlearnttousecomputersatschool.B?2014年高考?JudyForemanspottedthesamephraseonawarehousewallfarawayfromhome.Whenitstayedonhermindfordays,shegaveupanddroveallthewaybacktocopyitdown.“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful,”shesaid,explainingwhyshe'dtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters,“l(fā)ikeamessagefromabove.”32.JudyForemancopieddownthephrasebecauseshe______..?A.thoughtitwasbeautifullywritten?B.wantedtoknowwhatitreallymeant?C.decidedtowriteitonawarehousewall?D.wantedherhusbandtoputitupintheclassroomAOneofhismostfamouscontributions,theHippocraticOath,isthefoundationofcontemporarymedicalethics(道德).Amongotherthings,itrequiresaphysiciantoAswearthatheorshewillhelpthesick,keeponeselffromintentionalwrong-doingorharm,andkeepsecretBallmatterstokeepthedoctor-patientrelationship.C34.AllofthefollowingareincludedintheHippocraticOathEXCEPT________.A.helpingpatientsB.keepingoneselffromharmingpatientsC.keepingsecretallmatterstomaintainagoodrelationshipwiththepatients無中生有D.obeyingrulesformodernmedicinepracticeDThebabywasinareceivingblanketwithhisheadcoveredfortheshorttripthroughthecoldair-conditionedcorridor.Thebabywasplacedinhismother'sarms,whoeasedtheblanketbacksothatshecouldlookatherchildforthefirsttime.Shetookonelookatherbaby'sfaceandlookedtoherhusbandandgasped,“Oh,Honey!Look!Hehasyourears!”無中生有D38.Whatistrueaboutthebaby'smother?無中生有A.Sheblamedherhusbandforthebaby'sbigears.B.Shewasthefirsttodiscoverthebaby'slargeears.C.Shesuggestedhavinganoperationonthebaby無中生有immediately.2012茂名二模?Thefutureseemedterribleandmanywerewonderingiftheywouldmakeitthroughthestorm.Andthen,Isuddenlysawagirltowhomthestormmeantnothing.Shejustsatonherseatandwasreadingabook.Everythingwithinhersmallworldwascalmandorderly.Sometimessheclosedhereyes,thenshewouldreadagain;thenshewouldstraightenherlegs,butworryandfearwerenotinherworld.?29．Whichistherightorderofthedescriptionaboutthegirlwhenotherswerescaredhalftodeath??a．Sheclosedhereyes.?b．Shestraightenedherlegs.?c．Shewentonreading.?d．Shesatonherseatreading.?A．d-a-c-bB．d-c-a-b2014深圳一模?C．a(chǎn)-d-b-cD．a(chǎn)-b-c-dA1.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidents,murderandwar.Today'sleadingkillers,suchasheartdiseases,cancer,andagingitself,willbecomedistantmemory.?Accordingtothepassage,humandeathisnowmainlycausedby____.A?A．diseasesandagingB．a(chǎn)ccidentsandwar?C．a(chǎn)ccidentsandagingD．heartdiseaseandwar3.Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.?26.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?AA.HewasseriouslyillB.Hewasadishonestboy.C.HewascrazyaboutmagicD.HewasDr.Epstein'spatient2013年高考4.HisdogTobygetssomedeliciousdogbiscuitsfromacomputer-controlledfoodmachinewheneverNatsendsamessageto“@feedtoby”.?Natoftenworksawayfromhomeandisn'talwaysabletofeedTobybyhand.ButhisnewinventionallowsNattofeedhisdogfromanywhereintheworld.（2014廣州一模）?31.Nathasinventedahigh-techwaytofeedhisdogbecausehe__________.?A.wantshisfriendstofeedTodyB.hasverystrongcomputingskillsC?C.isoftentoobusytofeedhisdogD.（2014廣州一模）5.Inthestudy,100collegestude