四級講義英語高頻詞匯

四級詞匯主講老師：@的南瓜自己算一算：13年12月~20166月Youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.extendmysinceregratitude致以誠的感激（grateful感激的foryourselflessassistanceduringmypreparationforthecollegeentrance1：TheInternationalLabourOrganization'skeyobjective關(guān)鍵目標Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable最脆弱人群/弱勢群體socialsecurity.Initslatestupdate快訊/消息onglobalemploymenttrends趨勢,theagency機構(gòu)saysprojectionsofthenumberofunemployedpeoplethisyearrangefrom210milliontonearly240millionpeople.atriskofthedirectorgeneralIttakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttoreturntopre-generatehigherlevelsofemployment產(chǎn)生更次的就業(yè)andprovidebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable2：putcalorieinformationonTheywillbefined.bigfast-foodchainsobeyafirstofitskindrulerequirethemtopostcaloriecountsrighton haveahugeimpactonobesity對肥胖（癥）diabetes/heartdisease/highbloodacitywidebanonartificialtrans-fats人工反式脂肪酸inrestaurantfacepenaltiesofupto2,000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominent 3：lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirownItisanessentialpartofbusinessItswillingnesstomakeinvestments.Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday,butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.幾乎所有的公司都認識到創(chuàng)新的重要，但沒有多acommentaryintheShanghaiDailypointsoutthatinnovationdoesn'tmeanpilesThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcter&GambleasanhaveaCorporateInnovationFundwhichoffersbigrewardsforhigh-riskideas高風(fēng)險的想法thatsucceedturninspirationintofinancialperformance長Heisnotverygoodatsocializing.exceltalkbig說大話//talkatlength不嫌詞費；大談特談//gossipalot流言，說長道Itposesachallengetoseniors.構(gòu)成了Itischildishandunprofessional.Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.Igetoffthephoneprettyquickly. feelobligedtolearnhowtotext-Ithinktext-messagingactuallysortofhastodowithyour長changehisjobassignmentunhappywithhisdepartmentmanagerhedeservesextrapay額外forHeisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss.Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.HisimmediatebossdidnottrustHissalarywastoolowforhisHeisalwaysreadytohelpothers.他Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness.他的沒有公平感Waitandseewhathappensnext.Talktohisboss first.IfeellikeI'vebeentargeted（批評；以…為目標；針對）todoallherworkaswellasontopofthat,Butsurelythat'sapositivesign,showingthatMrBondhasalotoftrustinyou.一個積極HaveyouapproachedMrBondaboutthisparticularWhydon'tyousendanrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate?要求與他私下會themassivedecline（mass大量；群眾Newevidenceshows...新顯示atoppriorityshut-eyehelpfightoffillnessWhenpeoplearesleep-deprived,therearehigherlevelsofstresshormonesintheirwhichcandecreaseimmunefunction.當人們睡眠不足時，體內(nèi)有更高水平的應(yīng)激激素，Itmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage.它可能有助于你保持積極和重要的Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.Thefullrecordofscores.specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation指定/indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject表明他們對這個問題的反映和inthesamebreathAimhighbutwithinreason.themuch conveyboundlessenthusiasmforthesubject.Omitdullandineffectivegeneralitiesandmakesureyougiveconcreteexamples.省略枯燥和無效的泛泛而談（general普遍的；大致的；總的-generallyspeaking）Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.Itwasactuallyatricyclewithapetrolmotorattherear在后面petrolpumpsheadlamps頭燈/windscreen擋風(fēng)玻璃/numbertes車competencytestunsupervisedTheBypassheldanewerainmotortravelandwasgreetedwithexcitementandservicestations服務(wù)站/transportcafe咖啡theservicestationhasdiversifiedgreatly.dropv./n./a.下降，減feasiblea.moodn.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood.There'sgrowingevidencethat...越來越多的表havehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests在標準化考試中取得較高的平Thedatawillcertainlyfuel，激起theongoingdebateover...這些數(shù)據(jù)無疑會使目Theargumentsagainst(physicaleducation)haveincludedconcernsthat...體育課的一Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprovemoodandrelievestress運動可以釋放改PassageAsArtificialInligence esincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscould inligence智力；-inligent-inlectual-sophistsophismsophisticatesophomorephilosophycomputerscienceifwefigureout想出howtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogr blecode若我們能夠?qū)akeonmorecomplicatedtasksIfarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouseYouwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues你肯定想讓你的機器人預(yù)aproperlybrought- drawpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior從大量的關(guān)于人類行為模式的數(shù)createasetofethicalrules創(chuàng)造一套準ethical學(xué)的；道德的；ethnic民族的；種族Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogrammers. .Ithas eaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.隨著科技的進步，aggressive具有挑釁性的//ignorant無知的//outgoing外向的//ill-bred（breed生，養(yǎng)育By ctingwithhumansineverydaylifeByfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce立刻觸發(fā)自身的裝PassagekeepamoderatedietengageinregularexerciseAnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestion...《美neurotic神經(jīng)質(zhì)的Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.長壽的婦女比那些一般的女人更具和合作精神inagreementwith與……相一致（inaccordanceevolutionarytheoryself-disciplinedbad-temperedisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate……是心理學(xué)上一個長期爭論的strivetobeasoutgoingaspossibletoexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevityTheyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.克服alitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimes.那些被證明有益Children'salitycharacteristicsareinvariablydeterminedbytheirmothers.無法避免地alityysadecisiveroleinhowhealthyoneis.起到?jīng)Q定性作Healthisinlargepartrelatedtoone'slifestyle.俗稱：thefolk可以追溯到：betracedback受到了中國哲學(xué)思想、神話和的啟發(fā)：beinspiredby myths,andlegends20166月卷 1：Howcollegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproblems處理心理問題deal/copewith；tackle；psychology-havestressItisnotgoodforstudentsto games電子游戲makinglast-minutepreparationsforgenerallygethigherprobablywreck（v.破壞；失事；n.殘?。゛student'ssleepatanincreasedriskfromobesitycarcrasheshavepoorerattendanceandlowergradesYouareprobablybetteroff更好sleethanmakinglast-minutepreparationsfora2：Whetheradequateinvestmentisbeingmadetoimproveairportfacilities改善機場設(shè)施.（facility）WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets變賣一部分資產(chǎn);lackofinnovationand;Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity港口吞吐能力/終端容量delayedflightsMuchofthecriticismisdirectedat...rivaloperatorstherootcauseoftheproblemisnottheownershipstructure,butalackofrunwayandterminalcapacity,whichisaddressingthroughaprogramofheavyinvestment3：SetalimittotheproductionoftheirThebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokersBigtobaccocompanieswerefrankwiththeircustomersaboutthehazards危險ofsmoking.Theyhavenotfullyrealized充分theharmfuleffectof...gathersandcarefullyexaminesthefiguresandthendrawsitshavehighernicotineyieldsgethooked長Indonesia//Holland//GettingacoachwhocanofferrealAcquiring掌握thenecessaryabilitytosocialize社交Ittrainsyoungpeople’sleadership力Itoffervariouscourseswithcreditpoints學(xué)分tocommunicatedecentlyDutchpeople荷蘭人；goDutchsplitthelisteningexposure接觸therereallyisnosubstitutefortryingtospeakandusetheinarelaxedatmospheregoshStudyCirclessortof長RulesandregulationsforTheimpactofenginedesignonroadMakecarswithautomaticcontrol自動控制TheyfollowtrafficrulesTheyliketogoathighTheykeepwithinspeedItisaseffectiveasspeedbumps帶Itshouldbecombinedwithbandbindbond結(jié)合bound束縛；受約束的jumpthetrafficlightsspeedcamera超速carmanufacturershavesomeresponsibilityinlimitingthepoweroftheirengines有責(zé)任限制汽車引擎的動力aresidentialareaThecardwasfoundinvalid無效的Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning掃描Thecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedly意外地發(fā)生故障Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofstic一層塑料Bycallingthecredit forconfirmation確認Bytythecreditcardnumberintothecashregister收銀機Affectthesalesofhigh-techappliances高科技電器GivebirthtomanynewtechnologicalProducemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.產(chǎn)生許多高科技故障的低技術(shù)含量的indowntownSanswipehiscreditcardtopayforapackofmagneticstriptheshakyeconomy搖搖欲墜/inpostwarJapan郵戳；poster招貼tipsandtricksforfixingmalfunctioningdevicesassimpleaspaperandgluetechhomeremediesTheyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.Theyleavemuchroomforimprovement.TheyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateTheyaredeterminedbytheadvisingAcademicdepartments學(xué)院varyintheirprocedures程序forassigningacademicadvisers分配導(dǎo)師tograduatestudents.Graduationrequirementsspecifythenumberofcreditsyoumustearn,theminimumgradepointaverageyoumustachieveandthedistributionofcreditsyoumusthavefromamongdifferingdepartmentsorfieldsofstudy.Ph.D.candidatesinStudentsmajoringinItschangingcriteriaforItsoveremphasisonItsoverestimateoftheeffectofToillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep美麗只是外表/膚淺的TodemonstratethemagiceffectofdietingonTohelpstudentsridthemselvesofbadlivingHerbiggestconcernis最關(guān)心/最擔(dān)憂的是theemphasisAmericanculturecesthinnesssignaln.信號Signs(barring阻攔cell-phoneuse)areafamiliarsighttoanyone 的人givewaytowirelessdevices讓步于無線設(shè)備（被……所取代asclericalloadsincreased,隨著文書工作不斷增加（clerk文員，職員aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicago'sinternal-medicineprogram芝加哥apilotproject一個試點項目（pilot；領(lǐng)航員；試點withlargepocketsto modatetabletcomputers帶有大大的口袋以便于容納/攜帶PassageAttitudestowardnewoftenfallalonggenerationallines隨著的增長而下Thatis,generally通常情況下,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift在技術(shù)的前沿.Itisnotalwaysthecase.Thepublicoverall整體來說isspliton在……事上有Everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged每個組的人都有Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadoptnew,driverlesscarspromiserealvalueto正的價值theseagegroupsinparticular尤其.theclassicusecasesfordriverlessDifferencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.與Where suburb城郊ruralareasThereisreasontobelievethatinterestin...isgoingemainstream46.WhathappenswhenanewtechnologyItfurtherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheItoftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfields相關(guān)領(lǐng)域Itcontributesgreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentage47.ItmaystartarevolutioninthecarIthasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations導(dǎo)致了不切實際的期望48.Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealto對……有someoldIthelpswiththeirmobility.Itstirsuptheirinterestinlife.50.TheseniorsTheeducatedThewealthyThetechfansPassageInagrarianpre-industrialEurope；agronomyThiscomfortablecycle在這種舒適的循環(huán)中inwhichtherhythmsofthedayhelpedshapetherhythmsofthemeals,gaverisetothecustomofthelargemiddaymeal豐盛的午餐,eatenwiththeextendedfamily大家庭.Therewasaveryimportantinterconnection互聯(lián)betweeneatingtogetherSinceindustrialization工業(yè)化maintainingsuchaslowculturalmetabolismhasbeenmuchharder,withthelongmiddaymealshrinkingtowhateverbestuffedintoalunchbucketorboughtatafoodstand小吃攤Moderntechniques現(xiàn)代工藝forproducingand foodledtogreaterandty種類和數(shù)量大大增加,includingatremendousincrease大量增加inamountofanimalproteinanddairyproductsavailable,makingusvigorous有的thanourancestors祖先It'snosecretthat這已不是什么theMediterranean地中海dietisTheeveningmealcarriesthefullburdenthatusedtobespreadovertwomeals.現(xiàn)在的晚餐51.Theirdailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.他們的日常作息遵循自53.Evolutionary54.Itsqualityisusuallyguaranteed保證Itisvaried,abundantandnutritious多樣、豐富、有營養(yǎng)風(fēng)箏之都：theCapitalof 墜落并摔壞：falldownand據(jù)說：Itissaidthat飛了三天后才落地：flewforthreedaysbeforefallingonthegrounditdidnotlanduntilthreedayslater20166月卷towritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourparentsoranyotherfamilymemberuponmakingamemorableachievement取得令人難忘的成就grant：v.授予；允許；同意（grantsbsth；grantsthtosb；takeitforgranted認為理所當Contrarytopopularbelief,Moreover,mostadultchildrenprovideeverybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe“goodolddays”.大部分成年會提供盡可能多的關(guān)愛和gotonursinghomesPeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.那些和家人關(guān)系Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.研究者們開始關(guān)注年Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvalues有共同的和價值觀念andagreeonchildrearing撫養(yǎng)孩子practicesandreligiouscommitment信仰,theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother’s PassageDecliningmentalfunction心智功能isoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunction大腦功能actuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood在成年初期,anewstudysuggests表明.Certainmentalfunctions-includingmeasuresof reasoning抽象推理的方法,mentalspeed腦力速度andpuzzle-solving解謎-startedtodull變得無光澤（）asearlyasage27.Dips（輕度或暫時的減少）inmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundageIndicators指標of 'saccumulated累積的knowledgekeptimprovingwiththeeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sSalthousesaidinanewsrelease在一次presstakestandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetThefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalWegaininsightincognition46.Itvaries（變化） .（因人而異47.Somediseasesinevitably（不可避免地）leadtotheirdecline.（evite擋開；避免Theyreachapeak（巔峰）attheageof20formostT