英語寫作1Introduction-and-課件

EnglishWriting1

IntroductiontotheCourseI.教學(xué)內(nèi)容綱要：

英語寫作，作為英語學(xué)習(xí)中的技能之一，與其他技能有著不可分的聯(lián)系，與其他各項(xiàng)技能又有很大的區(qū)別。學(xué)生在正式學(xué)習(xí)英語寫作之前，雖然已經(jīng)具備了一定的語言基礎(chǔ)，卻沒有受過嚴(yán)格意義上的寫作訓(xùn)練，因此，大學(xué)英語專業(yè)的寫作教學(xué)應(yīng)從頭開始。英語寫作課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要有：文稿格式，選詞，句子種類，句子典型錯(cuò)誤，段落，摘要與讀書報(bào)告，應(yīng)用文寫作，及四種文體寫作。Basicknowledgeaboutwriting:Mechanics/ManuscriptformatDictionSentencetypesTypicalsentencemistakesParagraphandwholecompositionSummaryandbookreportFourtypesofwriting:DescriptionNarrationExpositionArgumentationPracticalwriting:NoticeandnoteLetterwritingII.英語專業(yè)四級(jí)考試(TEM4)寫作大綱：

英語專業(yè)四級(jí)考試共有六項(xiàng)（聽寫，聽力理解，完型填空，語法詞匯和閱讀，寫作），寫作占25%。1.測試要求：a.作文(15%)要求根據(jù)所出的題目和列出的提綱或圖表、數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)表等（也附有寫作提綱）寫一篇200字左右的短文，能做到內(nèi)容切題完整，條理清楚，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語法正確，語言通順恰當(dāng)。時(shí)間35分鐘。作文題目主要屬于敘述文，說明文，議論文的范圍。

b.便條(10%)便條要求根據(jù)提示寫大約50~60詞的通知、便條、請柬等,要求格式正確，語言得體。（10分鐘）2.測試目的：按照教學(xué)大綱要求測試學(xué)生在基礎(chǔ)階段末期用英語書面表達(dá)的能力。III.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.思想內(nèi)容（50%）：觀點(diǎn)清楚，前后無矛盾，并有充分恰當(dāng)?shù)睦诱f明自己的觀點(diǎn)．2.組織結(jié)構(gòu)（10%）：細(xì)節(jié)安排有條理，敘述層次清楚，段落之間聯(lián)系自然，句子連貫。3.語言（40%）：（a） 語法（20%）：沒有句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的重大錯(cuò)誤，拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、大小寫等正確，引用原文適度，不超過作者文章的10%。（b） 用詞（15%）：用詞，包括習(xí)慣用語正確恰當(dāng)。（c） 得體（5%）：語言得體，語氣恰當(dāng)，以理服人，有說服力。IV.參考書目1.《英語寫作手冊》，丁往道主編；2.《英語寫作技巧新編》，汪福祥主編；3.《北大英文寫作教程》，DinaM.Coffman主編；4.《大學(xué)英語寫作教程》，麻保金主編。FullattendanceActiveparticipationWell-doneassignmentsEagertopracticewriting平時(shí)成績（30％）+期末考試(70%)ImportanceofEnglishWritingFrancisBaconsaid,

“Readingmakeafullman;

閱讀使人充實(shí)，conferenceareadyman,

交談使人機(jī)智，andwritinganexactman.”

寫作使人精確。

Whywritingisimportanttous?1.WritingisabasicrequirementforEnglishmajors.2.Writingisawaytoevaluateourlanguageproficiency.3.WritingcanstrengthenourabilitiesinreadingcomprehensionandoralEnglish.4.Goodwritingcanleadtosuccessincollegeandfuturecareerdevelopment.5.Writingsharpensandimprovesthinking,thusenrichingourpersonalgrowth.

HowtoWriteWellinEnglish1.Readingisessentialforwriting.Generally,peoplehavetwopurposesinreading:(1)obtaininginformation,(2)learningthelanguage.Inordertoimprovelanguagecompetence,weshouldpayattentiontolanguagelearningratherthantoobtaininginformation.微風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)，吹皺湖面，拂動(dòng)樹梢。Thebreezejustkissedthelakeandstirredthetrees.說到辦公室里明爭暗斗那一套，保羅可算是無師自通。Pauldoesn’tneedanylessonswhenitcomestoofficepolitics.事過境遷自會(huì)減少往日回憶的痛苦。Distancefromtheeventshouldmakethememorieslesspainful.她向他撲了過去。cf.Sherushedtohim.Shethrewherselfathim.Modelsentence：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Diligenceisthemotherofgoodluck.Hungeristhemotherofcrime.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.2.LearnidiomaticEnglish

OnebadhabitistotranslateaChinesecompositionintoEnglishsentencebysentencebecausethetwolanguageshavemanydifferencesintermsofdiction,sentencestructure,idiomsandculture.e.g.丟硬幣throwacoinX

tossacoin(BE)

flipacoin(AE)贏了某人winsomebodyXwinagame

報(bào)紙上onthenewspaperXinthenewspaper有人打電話找你Somebodyiscallingyouonthephone.XYouarewantedonthephone.交通工具transportationtoolsXmeansoftransportation宜人的氣氛thecomfortableatmosphereXthesoothingatmosphere感到渾身無力Xfeelnostrengthfeelwobbly3.PracticemakesperfectRobertLouisStevenson,aBritishwriterinthe19thcentury,pointedoutinhisessay“EarlyEffortsatWriting”thatgoodwritingdependsonpracticeandimitation.Stevensonsaid,“AsIwalked,mymindwasbusyfittingwhatIsawwithappropriatewords.”1）Paraphrase改寫句子2）Readbooksandwritebookreports.3）Keepadiary.Thereareonlytwowaystolearntowrite:toread,toread,andtowriteandtowrite.教材介紹《英語寫作手冊第三版》(AHandbookWring3rded)，主編：丁往道、吳冰等，外研社版。本書是作者在總結(jié)自已幾十年豐富的英語寫作教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，研究近年國內(nèi)外英語寫作教學(xué)方法的基礎(chǔ)上推出的新作。全書共分8章，分別講解了文稿格式和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，選詞，造句，段落，摘要，作文，應(yīng)用文以及學(xué)術(shù)論文的寫作的用法?！队⒄Z寫作手冊(第三版)》用清晰、淺易的英語寫成,宗旨是幫助學(xué)生掌握英語寫作的基本知識(shí)和基本技巧,提高英語寫作水平。與同類書相比,本書突出了實(shí)用和多舉范例的特點(diǎn),所選范文既有英、美作家的作品,又有中國學(xué)生的習(xí)作,易于學(xué)習(xí)模仿。第三版中的練習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)更加生動(dòng)活潑,針對(duì)性更強(qiáng)。

教材介紹Arrangement1.2cmatthetop2.2cmatthebottom3.1.5cmontheleft4.1.5cmontheright

Hyphen

-Article

a/an/thePreposition

of/in/at/on…Coordinating

conjunctions

and/or/but….Infinitives

to+…Questionmark

?Quotationmark

“…”

Thefirstline(thefirstword

)ArabicnumeralsNoperiodintheendNoperiod,comma,semicolon,colon,questionmarkorexclamationinthebeginning.Studythefollowingexamples:MyFirstVisittotheGreatWallHit-and-RunAccidentsTheAnti-PovertyProgramHealthandWealth,WhichistoPrefer?BestWaystoSay“ILoveYou”AClean,Well-LightedPlaceDifferentViewsonJaneEyremyfirstvisittothegreatwallhit-and-runaccidentstheanti-povertyhealthandwealth,whichistopreferbestwaystosayIloveyouaclean,well-lightedplacedifferentviewsonJaneEyre

whereilived,andwhatilivedforaretransgeniccropssafe?well-knowndramatistsofthemingdynastyadaytorememberapproachestoteachingenglishasaforeignlanguagecriticismsontheendingofmarktwain’sadventuresofhuckleberryfinn

WhereI

Lived,andWhatI

LivedForAreTransgenicCropsSafe?Well-KnownDramatistsoftheMingDynastyA

DaytoRememberApproachestoTeachingEnglishasaForeignLanguageCriticismsontheEndingofMarkTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnWorddivisionGeneralprinciple:divideaccordingtoitssyllables.1.onesyllable單音節(jié)2.twoormoresyllable雙音節(jié)1．移行處要用連字符號(hào)“-”，只占一個(gè)印刷符號(hào)的位置并放在該行的最后。

2．移行時(shí)一般按照音節(jié)進(jìn)行，故只可在兩音節(jié)之間分開，不能把一個(gè)完整的音節(jié)分寫在上下兩行。例如：Octo-ber（正），Octob-er（誤）。

3．復(fù)合詞要在構(gòu)成該詞的兩部分之間移行。如：some-thing，bed-room等。

4．如果復(fù)合詞原來就有連字符號(hào)，則就在原連字符號(hào)處分行。如：good-looking等。

5．兩個(gè)不同的輔音字母在一起時(shí)，移行時(shí)前后各一個(gè)。如：cap-tain，ex-pose等。

6．當(dāng)兩個(gè)音節(jié)間只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，如果該輔音字母前的元音字母按重讀開音節(jié)的規(guī)則發(fā)音，該輔音字母移至下一行。如：fa-ther等。但如果元音按重讀閉音節(jié)的規(guī)則發(fā)音，則該輔音字母保留在上一行末尾。例如：man-age等。

7．當(dāng)遇到雙寫輔音字母時(shí)，一般把它們分成前后各一個(gè)。例如：mat-ter等。

8．當(dāng)重讀音節(jié)在后面時(shí)，元音字母前的輔音字母通常移到下一行。如：po-lite等。

9．單音節(jié)詞不可移行。如：length，long，dance等。

10．前綴或后綴要保持完整，不可分開寫。如：unfit，disappear等。

11．阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字不分開移行書寫。

12．不論音節(jié)多少，專有名詞不宜分寫。例如：Nancy，Russia等。

13．縮寫詞、略寫詞或某些詞的縮寫形式不可移行書寫。例如：U．N．（聯(lián)合國），P．R．C．（中華人民共和國），isn't。

14．不能構(gòu)成一個(gè)音節(jié)的詞尾不分寫。例如：stopped等。

15．字母組合或輔音連綴不可移行。例如：machine，meat等。WorddivisionPayattentiontotheconventionalpractices:(1)Donotputasingleletterofawordattheendoratthebeginningofaline:e·vade,perk·y,a·lone,trick·y.(2)Donotputatwo-letterendingatthebeginningofaline:dat·ed,tax·is,hat·ed,cab·in.(3)Donotmakedivisionsthatmaytemporarilymisleadthereader:re·ally,pea·cock.(4)Donotseparatepropernamesofpeopleorplaces:Chi·na,Fitz·gerald.(5)Donotdividethelastwordonapage.Instead,writethewholewordonthenextpage.(6)Dividethehyphenatedwordsonlyatthehyphen:lookers-on,mother-in-law.(7)Dividewordswithprefixesorsuffixesbetweentheprefixorthesuffixandthebasepartoftheword:re·state·ment,correct·ness.(8)Dividetwo-syllablewordswithdoubleconsonantsbetweenthetwoconsonants:strug·gle,shat·ter,set·ting.Capitalization

1.propernames2.keywordsintitles3.thefirstwordsofsentencesCapitalization(1)Thetitlesofnewspapers,magazines,books,stories,poems,essays,songs,showsandartworks:ATaleofTwoCitiesLoveStoryChinaDailyReader’sDigest(2)Thetitlessuchasmayor,doctor,general,senator,president,judge,professor:MayorHastingsDr.BrownPresidentBushProfessorAdamIsthedoctoronvacation?Theprofessorannouncedthat…(3)Thetitlesdenotingfamilyrelationship:SisterCarryUncleLeiFengGrandmotherLiUncleTomMotherGooseFatheraskedMothertocallhimupthenextmorning.

myfather(4)Days,monthsandcelebrations:FridayJulyNationalDaytheSpringFestival

(5) Continents,countries,states,provinces,cities,streets,oceans,rivers,lakes,mountains,parks,andsoon.Forexample:Asia,China,Zhejiang,Hangzhou,Mount.Tai(6) Areasanddirections:tosailwestgototheWestHegrewupintheMidwestandmovedtotheSouthtolookforabetterjob.(7) Historicaloccurrences,namesandwritings:BostonTeaPartytheAmericanDeclarationofIndependencetheGreatOctoberSocialistRevolution

(8)Religion,races,nationality:God,theBibleBuddha,Buddhistscripture,Asian,African(9)Buildingsandorganizations:theGreatHallofthePeople,theMinistryofEducation(10)Schoolingthings:apropernounforadefiniteschool,adepartmentandaclass.BeijingUniversityEnglishDepartment

(Languagesarealwayscapitalized:)English,Chinese

(Othersubjectsarenotcapitalized:)math,history,andphysics.

(Capitalizethesubjectswhenspecificcoursesaremeant:)theHistoryoftheChineseCommunistParty,ExtensiveReading,Writing,Listening.Note

Thecomma(,)Theperiod(.)Thesemicolon(;)Thecolon(:)Thequestionmark(?)Theexclamationmark(!)Quotationmark(“”)singleqtnmark(‘

’)Parentheses/brackets(())Squarebrackets(【】)Braces({})Thedash(-)

1.Neverbeginwithacomma(,),aperiod(.),acolon(:),aquestionmark(?),anexlamationmark(!)2.Neverendswith【

“(-

Acommaisusedtojoinclauses.Itisputbeforetheconjunction(and,but,or,for,so,nor,yet)2.Acommaisusedafteranadverbialclauseorphrase.3.Commasareusedtoseparateaseriesofwordsorphraseswiththesamefunctioninthesentence.

4.NonrestrictiveclausesandphrasesareSetoffbycommas.5.Commassetoffparentheticalelements.6.Indates,acommaisusedtoseparatethedayandtheyeariftheorderismonth-day-year,nocommaneedbeusedIftheorderisday-month-year.

7.Numbers1,253,90053,807,214

Declarativesentence,amildlyimperativesentence,andanindirectquestion2.Abbreviations3.Ellipsismark…‘a(chǎn)postrophe省略號(hào)；所有格符號(hào)

...ellipsis省略號(hào)

¨tandemcolon雙點(diǎn)號(hào)

"ditto同上

‖parallel雙線號(hào)

／virgule斜線號(hào)\就是backslash,

＆ampersand=and

～swungdash代字號(hào)

§section;division分節(jié)號(hào)

→arrow箭號(hào)；參見號(hào)

＋plus加號(hào)；正號(hào)

－minus減號(hào)；負(fù)號(hào)±plusorminus正負(fù)號(hào)

×ismultipliedby乘號(hào)

÷isdividedby除號(hào)

＝isequalto等于號(hào)

≠isnotequalto不等于號(hào)∵since;because因?yàn)?/p>

∴hence所以

∷equals,as(proportion)等于，成比例

∑(sigma)summationof總和

°degree度

′minute分

″second秒

＃number…號(hào)

℃Celsiussystem攝氏度

＠at單價(jià)

《》Frenchquotes法文引號(hào)；書名號(hào)

"."在北美是稱period,但在英聯(lián)邦中是稱fullstop,只有在網(wǎng)址電郵址中才稱dot

"_"是下劃線underline(英式)underscore(美式)

′minute分或foot英呎

″second秒或inch英吋

oneandahalfcentimetersLeavealittlespace(oneletter)afteracommaandaslightlybiggerspace(2letters)afteraperiod.Whenyouwanttocrossoutaword,don’tusebracketstoencloseit,butdrawathicklineacrossit.Howtoaddaword?Writeitabove,notbelow.

mostamericanpeoplearefondofcatsandordogsitissaidthateveryyeartheyspendabout$5.4billionontheirpetsincluding$1.5billiononpetfoodfourtimestheamountofmoneytheyspendonbabyfoodnowthereareabout100milliondogsandcatsinthecountrythenumberisstillgoinguprapidlysince12500puppiesareborneveryhour

MostAmericanpeoplearefondofcatsand/ordogs.

Itissaidthateveryyeartheyspendabout$5.4billionontheirpets,including$1.5billiononpetfoodfourtimestheamountofmoneytheyspendonbabyfood.

Nowthereareabout100milliondogsandcatsinthecountry;thenumberisstillgoinguprapidlysince12500puppiesareborneveryhour.Answerstotask2

2.its745ontuesdaymorningand26yearoldsteveclerksonisgoingtoworkheputsonhisjacketandpicksuphiscellphonepaperandlaptopasheleavesthehouseheturnsonhismp3playerandputonhisheadphonesheisreadytogo

2.It’s7:45onTuesdaymorningand26-year-oldSteveClerksonisgoingtowork.

Heputsonhisjacketandpicksuphiscellphone,paper,andlaptop.

Asheleavesthehouse,heturnsonhisMP3playerandputonhisheadphones.

Heisreadytogo.Answerstotask2Note-writing

大綱：便條要求根據(jù)提示寫大約50~60詞的通知、便條、請柬等，要求格式正確，語言得體。寫作時(shí)間10分鐘，分值10分。便條種類：1．邀請invitation2．回復(fù)reply3．留言messageleft4．感謝thanks5．慰問consolation6．建議suggestion7．祝賀congratulations8．道歉apology9．詢問inquiry10．啟事noticeFormat:

Aug.29

(Date)Dear…,(Salutation)……………………………………(Body)………………………………

Yoursever,

(Complementaryclose)

Daphne

(Signature)

1.

Date:month+dateJanuary1(or:January1st),or:Jan.1February2(or:February2nd),or:Feb.2March3(or:March3rd),noshortformApril4(or:April4th),noshortformMay5(or:May5th),noshortformJune6(or:June6th),noshortformJuly7(or:July7th),noshortformAugust8(or:August8th),orAug.8September9(or:September9th),or:Sept.9or:Sep.9October10(or:October10th),or:Oct.10November11(or:November11th),or:Nov.11December12(or:December12th),orDec.12

2.

Salutation:DearMr.,DearMiss,DearMrs.,DearMs.,DearProf.,DearDoc.,DearSirorMadam,DearDavid,3.

Body(50-60words):Asrequired.4.ComplementaryClose:Yours,Sincerely(yours),Yourstu