情景對(duì)話分類(lèi)

情景對(duì)話分類(lèi)在“新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”中，列出了較多的功能意念和話題項(xiàng)目，其中大多數(shù)都與我們的Et常生活和交際有著較為密切的聯(lián)系。在這一章節(jié)中，我們就其中一部分涉及的情景對(duì)話進(jìn)行分類(lèi)與解析，并附以概說(shuō)、常用表達(dá)法、范例、作答指點(diǎn)和練習(xí)，力求使我們的聽(tīng)力應(yīng)試練習(xí)更具有針對(duì)性和實(shí)用性。一、問(wèn)路（Askingtheway）（一）概說(shuō)如果人們身處一個(gè)陌生的地方，不熟悉情況，免不了要問(wèn)目的地在什么地方或如何到達(dá)目的地。該話題是日常會(huì)話中常有的內(nèi)容，它包括問(wèn)路、指路、方向和距離等。（三） 常用表達(dá)法1．Excuseme．Isthereabanknearhere?Whereisthesupermarket?Isthereapayphoneintheneighborhood?HowcanIgettO...?Whereisthe（nearest）...please?2.Yes,thereis.It'sonCenterStreet.It'snexttO/near/behind/infrontofthelibrary.It'sonBridgeStreetontheright.YoucangothroughSixthAvenueandSeventhAvenu.eGodownthisstreet.Turnright/left.Turnatthefirst/secondcrossin9.It'sabout.minutes'walk/drive/ride.It'sfar（away）fromhere.Youcan't/won'tmissit.（三）范例Wherearethemanandthewoman?Inahospital.B.Inallbrary. C.Inastreet.Whereshouldthewomanturnleft?Atthesupermarket. B.Atthestore.C.Atthecorner.Howfaristhepostoffice?A.Fiveminutes'walk.B.Fifteenminutes'walk. C.Fiftyminutes'walk.w：Excuseme.Where'Sthepostoffice?M：WalkdownthisroadandturnleftatthesupermarketOHyourleft.W：Isitfar?M：N0.It'Saboutfiveminutes'walk.W：Thankyou.M：You'rewelcome.以“excuseme,這種語(yǔ)氣來(lái)問(wèn)路，說(shuō)明兩人較為陌生，且這種對(duì)話較多發(fā)生在大街上，故第1小題答案為C。根據(jù)第2小題的問(wèn)題，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)要注意捕捉有關(guān)地點(diǎn)的信息，第2小題答案較為明確，為A。根據(jù)第3小題的選項(xiàng)可知選項(xiàng)不同之處是3個(gè)數(shù)字的不同，在聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)注意區(qū)分這3個(gè)數(shù)字的發(fā)音。第3小題答案選A。（四） 練習(xí)1．Whereisthenearestpostoffice?A．Neartheroad． B．Nearthestation． C．Nearabusstop．2．Whichbuscanthemantake?A．TheN0．3bus． B．TheN0．2bus． C．TheN0．22bus．3．Whereisthebookstore?A．Behindthelibrary． B．Acrossfromthesupermarket．C．Nearthetallbuilding．4．Whereisthestation?A．Ontherightofthepark． B．Acrossfromthepark．C．Infrontofthelibrary．5．Whocanthemanaskforhelp?A．Apostman． B．Apoliceman． C．Ateacher．二、就醫(yī)（Seeingthedoctor）《一》概說(shuō)人們遇到生病、受傷等身體不適時(shí)，一般都要去醫(yī)院就診。此類(lèi)話題也是聽(tīng)力考試中常見(jiàn)的試題。它包括病人的自述和醫(yī)生的詢(xún)問(wèn)與診斷。（二）常用表達(dá)法1.What'sthematter?What'swrongwithyou/your...?Areyoufeelingwell?Doyoufeelwell／tired?Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?2．There'ssomethingwrongwith.．Ihaveafever/headache/cold/toothache．I'mnotfeelingwell．Ifeelterrible/ill．Idon'tfeelwell/likeeatinganythin9．Myleg/..,hurt.Ihavebeenlikethissinceyesterday.Nothingserious.Youshoulddrinksomehotwaterwithhoney.Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.（三）范例What'sthematterwiththeman?Hehasacold. B.Hehasastomachache.C.Hehasatoothache.Whendiditstart?Twodaysago. B.Threedaysago. C.Yesterday.Whatshouldthemando?Heshoulddrinksomecoffee.B.Heshouldtakesomemedicine.C.Heshouldliedownandrest.W:Hello.What'sthematter.?M:I'mnotfeelingwell.Ihaveastomachache.W:Whendiditstart?M:Aboutonedayago.W:Oh,that'stoobad.Youshouldliedownandrest.M:Yes,Ithinkso.W:Ihopeyoufeetbettersoon.此題所提的3個(gè)問(wèn)題都很直接，考生在聽(tīng)時(shí)不會(huì)有太大的難度。第1小題中的3個(gè)選項(xiàng)要從讀音上去區(qū)別，選B。第2小題要注意對(duì)數(shù)字信息捕捉的同時(shí)，還要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的轉(zhuǎn)換:Onedayago---yesterday，選C。第3小題既要從錄音內(nèi)容去區(qū)分3個(gè)選項(xiàng)，也要根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)判斷。A選項(xiàng)首先被排除，B選項(xiàng)符合生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但錄音內(nèi)容中沒(méi)有提到。第3小題選C。（四）練習(xí)What'swrongwiththeman?Hehasaheadache.B.Hehasafever. C.Heistired.Flowoftendoesthemantakethemedicine?Twiceaday. B.Threetimesaday.C.Onceanhour.,3.HowisCarl?A.He'sbetternow. B.Hehasn'tgotwellyet.C.Hefeelsverycold.WhowillsendMarytothehospital?A.Mary,JackandTom.B.JackandTom. C.Kate,JackandTom.Howisthewomannow?A.She'stired. B.Shedoesn'tfeelverywell.C.Shefeelswell.三、談?wù)撎鞖猓═alkingaboutweather）（一）概說(shuō)天氣的變化會(huì)對(duì)人們的生活、工作或活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。天氣是人們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰脑掝}，更是英國(guó)人見(jiàn)面時(shí)少不了的話題。（二）常用表達(dá)法Howistheweatherin...? What'stheweatherliketoday?Isitraining?It'ssunny/windy/rainy/cloudy.Yes,itis.It'sveryterrible.It'swarm/cool/cold/hot/humid.（三）范例Howistheweatherwhentheyaretalking?A.It'ssnowing. B.It'sraining. C.It'shot.Whydoesn'ttheboylikespringinBeijing?A.Becauseit'swindyandcold. B.Becauseit'shot.C.Becauseit'scold.W:Oh,itisrainingoutside,Mark.What'stheweatherlikeinyourhometown'?M:hisveryhot.W:DoyouliketheweatherinBeijing?M:Well.IlikeBeijinginautumnandsummer,butIdon'tlikeitinspring.W..Why?M:It'sverywindyandcoldinspring.聽(tīng)這段對(duì)話時(shí)，不要把“whentheyaretalkin9"和“inyourhometown”的天氣情況相混。第1小題的答案為B。第2小題比較簡(jiǎn)單，根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容可直接選出答案，答案為A?！端摹肪毩?xí)Howistheweathertomorrow?A.Cold.B.Warm.C.Wet.A.Cold.B.Warm.C.Wet.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?Gooutforawalk. B.Stayinside.Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo'?Whatisthewomangoingtodo?Gooutforawalk. B.Stayinside.Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo'?C.Feelwarm.A.Cleanupherroom.C.Notworryaboutherraincoat.A.Cleanupherroom.C.Notworryaboutherraincoat.Whatdoesthewomanmean?Notwaitforhimtogettheraincoat.A.Thewinterhasjustbegun.Ithasbeensnowingforsometime.A.Thewinterhasjustbegun.It'llsnow.Whyaretheystillhere?A.Becausetheweatherhasstoppedthemtoleavehere.Becausetheylikestayinghere.Becausetherainstoppedyesterday.四、購(gòu)物（Shopping）（一）概說(shuō)購(gòu)物也是聽(tīng)力考試中常見(jiàn)的話題，它主要是指購(gòu)物者與營(yíng)業(yè)員之間的對(duì)話，通常涉及招呼顧客、貨物貴賤、商品質(zhì)量好壞、商品尺寸大小、商品顏色種類(lèi)、顧客是否滿意等。（二）常用表達(dá)法1．WhatcanIdoforyou? CanIhelpyou?2.I，dlike/Iwant....HOWmuchisit?That'stooexpensive,Ithink.That'sfine.I'lltakeit.Howmany/muchdoyouwant?Whatcolor/size/kinddoyouwant?Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/color?Whataboutthatone?（三）范例Wherearetheytalking?A.Ataclothesshop. B.Atabookshop.C.Atalibrary.W：Goodmorning.WhatcanIdoforyou?M：I'dliketobuyaT-shirt.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$16.B.$32.C.$15.M：Excuseme.Couldyoutellmehowmuchthetieis?W：Sure.Sixteendollarsforeach.M：Well.I'lltaketwo.第1小題中，從雙方的問(wèn)答中可確定該對(duì)話發(fā)生在一家服裝店里，答案為A。第2小題中，營(yíng)業(yè)員只說(shuō)出了“sixteendollarsforeach”，而顧客要買(mǎi)兩條，則最終顧客需付出的錢(qián)為32美元，答案為B。（四）練習(xí)1.HOWmuchdoesonechaircost?A.$60A.$60.$16.$30.2.Whatdoesthemanwant?A．Apairofbrownshoesinsize6．B．Apairofblackshoesinsize6．C．Apairofbrownshoesinsize9．3．Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A．Whatkindofbooktobuy． B．HOWmuchthetextbookiS．C．Whetherthewomanboughtit．4．Howmucharethecardsaltogether?A．1yuan． B．4yuan． C．2yuan．5．Whatdidthewomanbuy?A．Vegetables． B．Fruit． C．Meat．五、打電話(Makingphonecalls)概說(shuō) ，打電話是現(xiàn)代人進(jìn)行交流的常見(jiàn)方式，打電話這一話題也就成為聽(tīng)力考試中的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。它包括打電話雙方的一些常用語(yǔ)，還涉及雙方的關(guān)系、身份、職業(yè)等，考試時(shí)需適當(dāng)推斷，做出正確選擇。(二｝常用表達(dá)法1．Hello!IsthatMary(speaking)? MayIspeaktoAlan?Whoisthat(speaking)?2.HellO,whoisit/that?Thisis...(speaking).Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?CanItakeamessageforyou?(三)范例Whatdoweknowfromthistalk?A．Themanhasphonedawrongphonenumber．Ginaisn'tin.Thewomandoesn'twanttotalktotheman.M：MayIspeaktoGina，please?w：Ithinkyou'vegotthewrongnumber．從錄音中的“wrongnumber”就能得出答案為A。(四)練習(xí)1．Whatistheman'stelephonenumber?A．A．2855198． B．2865188．C．2855168．CC．Atthecinema．C．87564424．C．Thelineisbad．C．Calling．2．WhereisJimnow?A．Athome． B．Inthelibrary．3．Whatistheman'stelephonenumber?A．87664424． B．87664442．4．What'swrongwiththetelephone?A．It'sbroken． B．It'sbusy．5．What'sMarydoingnow?A．Cookin9． B．Shoppin9．六、時(shí)間與日期(Timeanddate)(一)概說(shuō)有關(guān)這類(lèi)話題，聽(tīng)力考試中會(huì)大量、多次出現(xiàn)，它既包括某年、某月、某日、某時(shí)、某分、星期幾，還包括某段時(shí)間或動(dòng)作的先后。一般情況下，只要捕捉住表示時(shí)間量的數(shù)詞，略加運(yùn)算即可得出正確答案。｛二）常用表達(dá)法 ．Whatdayis（it）today?What'sthedatetoday?Whattimeisit?What'sthetime,please7．whenisyourbirthday?Howlongdidyoustayhere?Excuseme．Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?2．It'sMonday． It'sOctoberl．It'seight0'clock． It'shalfpastone．1stayedhereforabouttwodays．（三）范例1．What'sthedatetoday?A．Septemberl0． B．September9． C．Octoberl0．M：Teachers'dayinChinaisonthel0thofSeptember．W：Oh，it'stomorrow．2．Whendidtheplaneleave?A．Atll：05． B．Atl0：50． C．Atll：15．M：TheflightforShanghaileftl5minutesa90．W：That'sright．It'salreadyll：05．第1小題錄音中提到教師節(jié)是每年的9月10日，是明天，那么今天就是9月9日，答案選B。第2小題中，男士提到飛機(jī)起飛是在15分鐘前，女士講現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為11：o5,故得出飛機(jī)的起飛時(shí)間為10：50，答案選8。（四）練習(xí)1．Whattimeisitnow?A．6：30． B．6：40． C．6：20．2．Whenwi11theygototheNewShoppingCenter?A．NextSunday． B．Atten0'c1ock． C．Tomorrow．3．Whattimeisitnow?A．Inthemorning． B．Atnoon． C．Intheevening．4．What'sthedatetoday?A．August8． B．August7． C．August9．5．Whenwilltheman'sbusleave?A．At8：15． B．At8：10． C．At8：30．七、就餐（Havingmeals）（一）概說(shuō)飲食與人們息息相關(guān)，就餐的話題必不可少。不論是在餐館就餐，還是在朋友家吃飯，人們都應(yīng)注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)挠谜Z(yǔ)，表達(dá)清楚自己的用意。（二）常甩表達(dá)法1．Whatwouldyoulike（tohave）?Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat／drink?Whatsizebowlofnoodleswouldyoulike?Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike9．2．I'dlikesomecoffee．Yes，please．／No，thanks．I'dlikealarge／medium／smallbowlofnoodles．I'dlikebeefandtomatonoodles。please．（三）范例Whatdidthemansayaboutthecoffee?A．Hewouldlikeacupofcoffee．B．Healwaysdrinkscoffee．Hecan'thaveacupofcoffee.W：Whatwouldyouliketodrink?M：I'dlikeacupofcoffee.題中男士用“I'dlike”來(lái)回答，直接表示需求，答案很明確，為A。B選項(xiàng)說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)與問(wèn)題要求不一致。（四）練習(xí)Whereisthemannow?A.Athome.B.Atarestaurant. C.Inalibrary.WhatwouldLucyliketohave?Somebread. B.Someorangejuice. C.Somebananas.WillLilyeatanothermooncake?Yes，shewill.N0，shewon't.Shewouldeatanotherpieceofbread.Whichofthefollowingisright?Alicewilleatsomecakes.Alicewillhavesomecoffee.Alicewilleatalittlechicken.WhatwillthegirlgetforJack?，A.Somejuice.B.Sometea. C.Somecabbages.八、比較（Comparison）（一）概說(shuō)在日常生活中，為了表達(dá)和區(qū)分不同事物的屬性、形狀和其他方面的特征，我們通常要用到比較。比較分為同級(jí)比較與差別比較。通過(guò)對(duì)事物的比較，往往才能對(duì)事物有更深的了解。（一）常用表達(dá)法as...as notas（so）...as比較級(jí)+than 最高級(jí)+ofallthesameaslooklikeisdifferentfrom（三）范例Whichcoatisthemostexpensive?A.Theblueone.B.Theredone.C.ThewhiteoneW：Isthebluecoatcheaperthanthatredone9.M：N0，butitischeaperthanthewhiteone.從錄音內(nèi)容可知，這三種顏色衣服的價(jià)格存在一種遞推的關(guān)系：Theredoneischeaperthantheblueone,andtheblueoneischeaperthanthewhiteone.因此，最便宜的是紅色衣服，而白色衣服則最貴。答案為C。（四）練習(xí)Whichschoolisthebiggest?A.NO.1. B.NO.2. C.N0?3?2．Whichcityisitcolderin?A.Beijin9.B.NewYork. C.Wedon'tknow3．Whoseorangeisthebiggest?A.Peter,s.B.David's. C.Thegirl's，WhichMP4isthemostexpensive?A.Theblueone.B.Thewhiteone. C。Theblackone?Whoisthetaller?A.Kate. B.Jim.C.KateisastallasJim?九、特征（Feature）（一）概說(shuō)這類(lèi)話題主要是討論有關(guān)事物的形狀、顏色、材料、質(zhì)地、規(guī)格和人物外貌、年齡等特征屬性，使人們?cè)诒磉_(dá)事物或人物時(shí)更形象、生動(dòng)與具體。（二）常用表達(dá)法Whatdoeshelooklike?Whatcoloristhebag?What，stheredwinemadefrom?Howmuchisthedictionary?Whatsizeisyoursweater?Howoldareyou?Heisveryheavy.It,sgreen/red/blue/yellow/black/white/orange/purple/lightbrown/darkblue?It，smadefromgrapes.Itcostsmel00yuanThesizeofmysweaterisXXl。.I'mthirteen.（三）范例WhatcolorisLiLei'sshirt?A.Blue. B.White. C.Red.W：Istheblueshirtyours?M：No.Myshirtiswhite.It'sLiLei's.男士否定了藍(lán)色襯衫是他的,同時(shí)說(shuō)明自己的襯衫是白色的,最后說(shuō)明那件襯衫是李雷的，答案為A。這里面存在著意義的遷移。關(guān)鍵是在聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)，要把這件襯衫所具有的顏色屬性在大腦中隨著語(yǔ)意的遷移而遷移,否則等到對(duì)話結(jié)束時(shí),可能就想不起來(lái)這件衣服是什么顏色的了。（四）練習(xí)WhatdoesJennylooklike?ShehaslonghairandwearsaredT—shirt.ShehaslonghairandwearsagreenT-shirt.ShehasshorthairandwearsaredT-shirt.WhatcolorisLucy'ssuitcase?A.Blue.B.Green.C.Black.Howlongisthestreet?A.1。5kilometers.B.3.5kilometers.C.4kilometers.Whatistheplanemadeof?A.Paper. B.Wood. C.Cloth.Howoldistheman?A.19.B.23. C.26.十、請(qǐng)求允許(Askingforpermission)(一)概說(shuō)禮貌地提出要求，客氣地征得對(duì)方的許可是文明的具體表現(xiàn)。這一類(lèi)題目，在聽(tīng)力考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。積累一定數(shù)量的這類(lèi)慣用語(yǔ)，做起題來(lái)會(huì)得心應(yīng)手。（二）常用表達(dá)法1．Can／Will／Could／Wouldyoupleasedomeafavor?May/Might/Can/Could1...?Wouldyoumind.?2．Yes．/Sure．/Certainly．/0fcourse．That'sOK. Notatall.（三）范例Whatisthewomangoingtodosoon?A.Sheisgoingtoabikeshop. B.Sheisgoingshoppingbybike.C.Sheisgoingtomovethebike.M：Wouldyoumindmovingyourbike?W：Notatall.I'11doitrightaway.Whatwillthewomando?A.Shewilllookforaseat. B.ShewillhavetoStandhere.C.Shewillsithere.W：WouldyoumindifIsathere'?lM：Ofcoursenot.兩題中都有“mind”這個(gè)詞。“mind”意思為“介意、在乎”，如果不介意對(duì)方做什么事，要用否定答語(yǔ)。第l小題是請(qǐng)求別人做某事，而第2小題則是自己做某事要征得對(duì)方同意。第l小題中女士同意了男士的請(qǐng)求，答案是C。第2小題中男士允許女士坐在這兒，意味著“她將坐下”，排除A、B選項(xiàng)，正確答案是Co（四）練習(xí)1.Whatdoesthemanwant?A.Anapple.B.Acake. C.Apear.Wherearetheygoingtomorrow?A.Thebeach. B.TheZ00. C.Themountain.CanTonycomeouttoplay?A.Yes，hecan.B.N0，hecan't.Hedoesn'twanttodohishomework.Isitcoldorcooloutside?A.Yes，it'scold.B.N0，it'sc001. C.It